Fenitized Wall Rock Geochemistry of the First Carbonatite Dyke at Bayan Obo,Inner Mongolia,China

The first carbonatite dyke at Bayan Obo is well exposed on the surface for a length and width of approximately 60 m and 1.1–1.5 m, respectively. Along its strike, the fenitized H1(Qs) and H2(Cs) quartzite is replaced by Na-amphiboles, aegirines, and alkali-feldspars, intermittently stretching as far away as 800 m in length. Based on petrographical characteristics, the dyke's fenitized wall rocks are divisible into different zones:(1) outer,(2) middle, and(3) inner. The outer zone is 5–17 m from the NW margin of the dyke. The middle zone is located at 3.5–5 m from the NW margin of the dyke. The inner contact zone is located between direct contact with the dyke and 3.5 m from the dyke. In the outer zone, upon visual examination, no evidence of outcrop fenitization was found and the major elemental rock composition is nearly identical to the unaltered H1 and H2 lithologies. In the thin sections, however, small amounts of Na-amphibole and phlogopite are present. Despite relatively poor development throughout the 5 m of fenitization, the wall rocks have retained at least a small geochemical signature comparable to the original sedimentary protolith. The fenites occurring in the inner zone exhibit distinct variations, not only for the sharp contact at the outcrop scale, but also for variations in major, rare earth elements(REE), and trace elements and Sm-Nd isotope composition. The wall rocks within 3.5 m have undergone strong fenitization, inheriting the geochemical signature derived from the carbonatite dyke. Fenitization in the middle zone was not as strong, at least compared to the inner zone, but was stronger than the outer zone. Compared to some trace elements and REEs, the major elements are relatively immobile during fenitization. The Sm-Nd isotope data for the carbonatite dyke and the adjacent fenitized wall rocks, where the Sm and Nd originate solely from the dyke, plots as a six-point isochron with an age of 1308±56 Ma. This age is identical to that of ore-bearing dolomite carbonatite and the related ore-forming events, indicating that there may be a petrogenetic link between the two. Based on Sr and Nd isotope compositional data, the first carbonatite dyke may be derived from an enriched mantle.     

川西冕宁-德昌稀土矿带霓长岩的地球化学特征及地质意义

霓长岩化作用是指碳酸岩(或碱性岩)流体对围岩的交代蚀变,它是碳酸岩型稀土(REE)矿床常见的蚀变类型,其所形成的岩石即为霓长岩。对霓长岩的深入研究可以鉴别碳酸岩体的存在,厘定碳酸岩岩浆(或流体)的地球化学性质及源区特征,这对于找寻碳酸岩相关的矿产资源(尤其是REE)以及剖析矿床成因机制有着重要的地质意义。川西冕宁-德昌稀土矿带是中国最重要的轻稀土矿带之一,包括牦牛坪超大型、大陆槽大型、木落寨和里庄中小型REE矿床以及一系列矿点。REE矿化与碳酸岩-碱性岩杂岩体密切相关,受一系列新生代走滑断裂的控制。该矿带广泛发育霓长岩化蚀变带,尤以大陆槽及里庄矿床为显著。岩相学分析表明,大陆槽和里庄霓长岩中的矿物多呈他形粒状结构,主要由长石、黑云母、霓辉石以及少量副矿物组成;主微量元素分析表明,霓长岩的碱质(K_2O+Na_2O)、MgO、Fe_2O_3T含量较高,且富集REE、Sr、Ba等微量元素;电子探针分析表明,霓长岩中的霓辉石Fe OT含量较高,长石Na_2O及K_2O含量较高,Ca O含量极低。An-Ab-Or三角图解显示长石主要为透长石和钠长石,属碱性长石系列;黑云母的地球化学成分图解表明云母的成因类型为交代型且具有相对富镁、贫铁等特征,属镁质黑云母。霓长岩化作用的交代流体含有较高的CO_2组分,且富含碱质、Mg、Fe及REE、Sr、Ba等元素。对比霓长岩与原岩的主微量元素发现:相比于正长岩原岩,在主量元素中,霓长岩的Fe、Mg、Ca等元素含量增加,Si、Al等元素含量降低;微量元素中,霓长岩的REE及Sr、Ba等元素显著增加。这意味着交代流体含有的Fe_2O_3T、MgO、CaO等组分在霓长岩化过程中被带进了围岩,而SiO_2和Al_2O_3等从围岩中被逐出。大陆槽及里庄矿区发育的角砾岩指示了矿区曾经历过频繁的角砾岩化事件,这提高了霓长岩作用的强度,并且为矿脉的穿插及REE矿物的沉淀提供了空间。在霓长岩化过程中,流体-围岩的组分交换反复发生,这削弱了REE络合物的稳定性,伴随多期次的热液活动及构造事件,最终完成REE活化→迁移→沉淀的过程。     

冕宁稀土矿床稀土元素的赋存状态及其配分特征

冕宁稀土矿是我国西南地区的大型轻稀土矿床。它不仅含有丰富的轻稀土,而且铕、钇等中重稀土较国内外同类型矿床高。该矿的特点是工业稀土矿物组成简单,矿石易选、易冶。矿石中90％左右的REO呈稀土矿物产出,其中氟碳铈矿占稀土矿物总量的80％—97％。矿石和主要稀土矿物的REF配分均属Ce>La>Nd富LREE的强选择配分型。矿石中轻稀土配分值高达97.48％—98.81％。矿石中Eu、Y配分值较高,而氟碳铈矿反而比矿石低。矿石中的黑色风化土状物富含次生稀土,其Eu、Y配分值比矿石、氟碳铈矿都高。     

Determination of Thirteen Rare-Earth Elements by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography in Thirty and of K, Rb, Cs, Sr and Ba by Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry in Eighteen International Geochemical Reference Samples

This study reports the results of thirteen rare-earth elements in thirty geochemical reference samples. Three alkali (K, Rb, Cs) and two alkaline earth (Sr, Ba) elements were also determined in eighteen reference samples. The analytical procedure involved is based on spiked samples and later measurement of the rare-earth elements by high-performance liquid chromatography and the alkalies and alkaline earths by thermo-quartz mass spectrometric isotope dilution (THQ-MSID). Whenever possible, the results are compared with literature values.     

A comprehensive analysis of the content of heavy rare-earth elements and platinum in snow samples to assess the ecological hazard of air pollution in urban areas

Snow samples from the territory of the Setun River Valley Wildlife Sanctuary are analyzed for the content of rare-earth elements, heavy metals, and other hazardous elements by the inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometry method. The changes in the concentrations of rare-earth elements, Pt, Pd, and indicator ratios of elements in the solid fractions of snow are revealed. A trend toward a decrease in the content of several elements northeastward of the Moscow Ring Road (MRR) is established. The level of seasonal atmospheric contamination of the area under study is assessed, and a possible source is identified.     

The Mobility of Rare—Earth Elements During Hydrothermal Activity：A Review

The mobility of the rare-earth elements(REE)during hydrothermal activities is increasingly documented.Geological and experimental evidence suggests that REE may be mobile in solutions rich in F^-,Cl^-,HCO3^-,CO^2- 3,HPO4^2-,PO4^3-,or in combinations of the above ligands,even though little has been known about which ligand or which combination is most effective in mobilizing REE. The fractionation of REE resulting from hydrothermal activities is inconsistent.One set of field data implies the prererential mobility of the light rare-earth elements(LREE).whereas another set of field observations indicates the dominant mobilization of the heavy rare earth elements(HREE),and some theoretical prediction is comtradictory to the field evidence.The Eu anomalies due to hydrothermal activities are complex and plausible explanation is not available.The existing experimental approaches dealing with REE are not adequate for explanation ofREE behaviour in aqueous solutions.Systematic experimental approaches are suggested.     

东风山前寒武纪含铁建造金矿床中的稀土元素

东风山含铁建造金矿床中稀土元素含量普遍较低。东风山群是含矿层,其不同层位岩石和矿物的稀土含量有所差别。大理岩和含铁层中铁闪石的稀土含量最低,甚至低于稀土地壳丰度;上部角岩、下部角岩和石榴子石中稀土含量近似其他壳丰度;而板岩和花岗岩中稀土含量远高于其他壳丰度。稀土元素分布的特点反映了东风山金矿床形成于一个半封闭和较还原的海盆地,金矿化是在弱碱性条件下产生。黄铁矿中出现独居石类矿物,这可能与陆壳重熔改造形成花岗岩时产生的局部富轻稀土热液沿黄铁矿裂隙渗入有关。     

华南地区晚二叠和晚三叠世煤中稀土元素特征研究

在华南地区贵州六盘水、江西乐平、露庆和湖北黄石矿区晚二叠和晚三叠世煤层的稀土元素ICP—MS分析数据的基础上，系统研究了研究区煤中稀土元素的含萤分布特征、赋存特征、配分模式以及地质控制因素。含量分布表明晚二叠世稀土元素含量总体高于晚三叠世；煤中稀土元素与灰分成正相关关系，部分煤样品由于有富稀土元素的重矿物组合的存在而出现稀土元素的异常高值；同一矿区、同一时代煤中稀土元素的配分模式具有一定的相似性，而不同地区同一时代和同一地区不同时代煤中稀土元素的配分模式具有较大差异；煤的沉积环境，煤中无机矿物组成以及海水的影响是控制煤中稀土元素含量和配分模式的主要地质因素。     

The Behaviour of Rare—Earth Elements（REE） During Weathering of Granites in Southern Guangxi,China

The behaviour of the rare-earth elements(REE)during the weathering of granites was studied in southern Guangxi,China.Based on the study of the weathering profiles,the soil,weathered and sub-weatereb zones are identified with different REE geochemical behaviours throug the weathering profiles of granite.The Ce anomalies of the weathering profiles cover a large range of values with most falling between 1.02 and 1.43in the soil zone and 0.16and 0.40in the weathered and sub-weathered zones.Light rare-earth elements(LREE) and heavy rare-earth elements(HREE)are enriched to varying degree in the weathering profiles as compared to host granites.In the soil zone,more HREEs are leached than LREEs,and HREEs are more enriched than LREE in the weathered and sub-weathered zones.It is considered that infiltration and adsorption on clays are two processes controlling the enrichment and formation of REE deposits in the weathering profiles of granite.     

Possible europium-normal rare-earth abundances estimated from the lunar samples,and the terrestrial analogue

From the mathematical analysis of the rare-earth data on some of the Apollo 12 samples studied by Hubbard et al. (1971), the possible europium-normal primitive rare-earth pattern, in which europium is normal with respect to the adjacent rare-earth elements, has been estimated. A fact that the igneous rocks (Japanese geosynclinal basalts) appearing to reflect the analogous effect occur locally on the earth enhances our interests in the pattern resulting from the above estimation.     

Trace Element Geochemistry of the Permian／Triassic Boundary Section in the Selong—Xishan Area,Nyalam County,Southern Tibet,China

Samples were collected f5rom the Selong-Xishan Permian/Triassic boundary strata,Nyalam County in southern Tibet and systematically analyzed for their rare-earth elements(REE) and trace elements such as U,Th,Sr,Ba,Sc,Ta,Hf,Rb,Cs,Co,Ni,Cr,As and others with emphasis put on the distribution patterns of rare-earth elements and the variation of trace element contents along the Permial/Triassic boundary section.On this basis a discussion will be made of the paleo-ocean depositional environment.     

三江地区澜沧江带南段南林山基性岩体锆石U-Pb年龄及岩石地球化学特征

南林山基性岩体位于西南三江地区,岩体主要由辉长岩和闪长岩组成。通过ID-TIMS锆石U-Pb年代学方法对南林山岩体中闪长岩进行精确定年,获得其结晶年龄为（298.44±0.33）Ma,表明南林山基性岩体的形成时代为早二叠世。全岩主量、微量元素与稀土元素等研究表明,辉长岩和闪长岩总体上均呈现轻稀土元素（LREEs）相对于...     

白云鄂博REE-Nb-Fe矿床的富钠岩石类型析及成因分

白云鄂博稀土-铌-铁矿是世界最大的稀土多金属矿床之一,主要产于中元古界富钠岩石、白云岩和富钾板岩中。富钠岩石与含矿碳酸岩、富钾板岩一起在白云鄂博广泛分布,特别是在主矿和东矿南侧分布广泛,也产在含矿围岩和底盘围岩中。富钠岩石包括富钠长石岩、含钠闪石钠长岩脉、钠闪石岩脉及钠闪石碳酸岩脉和钠闪石化蚀变白云岩。富钠岩石在一个地质单元内出现,但成分略有不同,其岩石化学分析表现出富钠特征,大部分样品的w(Na2O)在6%以上,w(Na2O+K2O)>8%,w(Na2O)>w(K2O)。富钠长石岩的里特曼指数δ为2.96~8.56,n(A l)/n(K+Na)>1,n(A l)/n(K+Na+Ca)<1,表明为弱碱性偏铝质岩石。富钠岩石以富集地壳不相容元素、亏损地幔元素为特征,其稀土总量低于矿化白云岩,但轻稀土元素高度富集,具弱负铕异常,与含矿白云质火山岩一致。根据岩石产状、组构及化学成分分析,富钠长石岩属于富钠火山岩,而其他含钠闪石岩脉则属于岩浆分异侵入的岩脉与岩浆热液充填岩脉。钠化交代以霓石化、钠铁闪石化和钠长石化出现为特征。另外,富钠流体与白云岩反应形成了钠铁闪石化白云岩,强烈的钠化蚀变作用主要出现在稀土强烈富集的主矿和东矿。比较蚀变与未蚀变岩石的化学成分,表明蚀变作用引起稀土的重新分配和弱负铕异常。钠铁闪石化白云岩的w(S iO2)、w(TiO2)、w(K2O)和w(Na2O)升高,w(P2O5)降低。钠化蚀变前的碳酸岩中稀土元素已经富集,热液蚀变引起稀土元素的活化和重新分配,但是没有提供新的稀土来源。     

REE characteristics of microfine disseminated gold ores in Danzhai, Guizhou

Described in this paper are the fundamental characteristics of mineralization of gold ores in the Sandu-Danzhai Hg-Sb-Au ore belt of Guizhou Province,Through systematic sampling of the industrial orebody and alteration zone,the total amount of the rare-earth elements,that of the light rare-earth elements,Eu depletion and other parameters are clarified.There have been distinguished two types of REE distribution patterns:the“Clay type“and the “quartz type“ .High-grade orebodies are closely related with silicification,illitization and pyritization.The seven-component diagram of the REEs of even numbers in the periodic table(Bal-asov,1966)is capable of distinguishing ore-bearing from ore-barren deposits.     

Geochemistry of Alkaline—Ultrabasic Rocks in the Jijie Complex,Lufeng,Yunnan

is paper is concerned with the geochemical features of major elements,transition metal elements,large ion lithophile elements,rare-earth elements and Sr isotopes in alkaline-ul-trabasic rocks in the Jijie complex of Lufeng,Yunnan Province,which is located in southern Sichuan-Yunnan rift zone,one of Luoci alkaline-ultrabasic complexes in central Ynnnan,Moreover,its origin pertaining primary magma,magma soure region,fractional crystallization,etc.are also discussed in the present paper.     

内蒙古乌兰浩特地区正长花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

为探讨乌兰浩特地区正长花岗岩形成时代及其构造环境,对其进行锆石U-Pb年龄和岩石地球化学研究。结果表明: LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(219.7±1.2) Ma,代表了其成岩年龄; 岩石高硅、高碱,贫铝、钙、镁、铁; 岩石稀土含量偏高,轻重稀土分馏不明显,Eu负异常明显; 在微量元素上,富集大离子亲石元素Rb、K,贫Sr、Eu、Ba,富高场强元素U、Th、Hf、HREE,贫Ti; 10 000×Ga/Al值(3.53~5.09)均大于A型花岗岩的下限值(2.6),明显高于I型和S型花岗岩的平均值(分别为2.10和2.28)。因此,晚三叠世正长花岗岩为A型花岗岩,推断其形成于古亚洲洋闭合后的造山后岩石圈伸展构造环境。     

The Palma Volcano-Sedimentary Supersuite,Precambrian Sul-Riograndense Shield,Brazil

Komatiites are generally found in Archean greenstone belts, but have been reported in some Mesozoic volcano-sedimentary sequences. The Palma Volcano-Sedimentary Supersuite (PVSS) is a Neoproterozoic sequence composed of meta-ultramafic volcanic rocks, mafic-to-felsic metavolcanic rocks, and metasedimentary rocks ranging from quartzites to chlorite-mica-quartz schists, marbles, and marls. Original PVSS structures were overprinted by two penetrative deformational surfaces (So//Sn and Sn+1); associated metamorphic assemblages are assigned to the upper greenschist facies. Basalts predominate over andesites and rhyodacites, and their major, minor, trace, and rare-earth elements display compatible geochemical trends characteristic of calc-alkaline magmas. Meta-ultramafic rocks are variable-thickness flows in the metasedimentary sequence. Metamorphism caused the development of a metasomatic tremolite zone around the serpentinite bodies, as well as chlorite and talc schist metasomatic zones. Evaluation of the geochemical mobility of the elements showed that the ratios between major and minor elements have not changed in the serpentinites. It was then possible to investigate the lithogeochemical nature of the serpentinites by studying the minor, trace, and rare-earth elements. The lithogeochemical investigation and the structures of the serpentinite bodies enable them to be regarded as komatiitic flows extruded under shallow water. These komatiite flows and calc-alkaline basalt to rhyodacite flows associated with shallow-water sediments suggest that this volcano-sedimentary sequence was developed in a Neoproterozoic arc-related tectonic setting.     

Petrography and petrogenesis of nephelinized metagabbros from Finnmark,Northern Norway

Plagioclase in olivine metagabbros metasomatized by nepheline syenite magmas was replaced by intergrowths of nepheline and vesuvianite or salite together with smaller amounts of calcic amphibole. Olivine was simultaneously replaced by diopside. The survival of the gross features of protolith textures and clustering of line intersections in composition-volume diagrams suggest that nephelinization took place at approximately constant volume and oxygen content. Nephelinization involved the introduction of Na, K and Fe³⁺ in an infiltrating peralkaline fluid and depletion of Fe²⁺ and Fe^tot and was promoted by the primary mineral parageneses of the protoliths. Concurrent fenitization of quartzo-feldspathic gneiss without the generation of feld-spathoids shows that the processes of nephelinization and fenitization may result from the same fluid.     

蒙古-鄂霍次克洋的远程作用:来自内蒙古东南部羊盘沟地区流纹斑岩成因的证据

为了解蒙古—鄂霍次克构造体系的远程作用及其在中国东北以南的影响范围,在内蒙古多伦火山盆地羊盘沟地区开展了流纹斑岩锆石U-Pb同位素年代学、岩石地球化学及区域对比研究.结果显示,其形成时代为144.2±0.6 Ma,属于早白垩世早期.主量元素SiO₂含量为73.25%~76.72%,K₂O含量为4.64%~7.87%,K₂O/Na₂O值在1.15~3.82之间,A/CNK值为0.79~0.99;副矿物为磁铁矿、锆石和磷灰石等,属准铝质高钾钙碱性—钾玄岩系列A₂型流纹岩类;稀土元素总量高(320.76×10-6~415.70×10-6),富集轻稀土元素、大离子亲石元素K和Rb、高场强元素Zr和Hf以及元素U、Th等,亏损重稀土元素、大离子亲石元素Ba和Sr、高场强元素Nb和Ta以及元素P、Ti等,显著Eu负异常(δEu=0.08~0.15).表明流纹斑岩形成于后碰撞构造环境,是早白垩世蒙古—鄂霍次克洋闭合后某个伸展事件下的产物,因此,蒙古—鄂霍次克构造体系在中国的影响范围向东南至少延伸至蒙东南—冀北一带,且对应的蒙古—鄂霍次克洋东段的闭合完成时间应早于144.2 Ma.      

Geochemistry and petrogenesis of Late Ladinian OIB-like basalts from Tabai, Yunnan Province, China

Major and trace elements analysis has been carried out on the Late Ladinian Tabai basalts from Yunnan Province with the aim of studying their petrogenesis. Their SiO2 contents range from 43.63 wt.% to 48.23 wt.%. The basalts belong to the weakly alkaline(average total alkalis Na2 O+K2O=3.59 wt.%), high-Ti(3.21 wt.% to 4.32 wt.%) magma series. The basalts are characterized by OIB-like trace elements patterns, which are enriched in large ion lithosphile elements(LILE) including Rb and Ba, and display negative K, Zr and Hf anomalies as shown on the spider diagrams. The Tabai basalts display light rare-earth elements(LREE) enrichment and are depleted in heavy rare-earth elements(HREE) on the REE pattern. Those dates indicate that the parental magma of the Tabai basalts was derived from low-degree(1%–5%) partial melting of garnet peridotite. The magma underwent olivine fractional crystallization and minor crustal contamination during their ascent. The Tabai basalts were related to a relaxation event which had triggered the Emeishan fossil plume head re-melting in the Middle Triassic.