基于DERF2.0的中天山北坡经济带秋季延伸期强降温过程预报检验

基于观测及DERF2.0预报数据,应用多种气候检验指标,针对1983—2013年间中天山北坡经济带8个代表站的秋季日最低气温进行检验,结果表明:(1)秋季日最低气温的预报效果存在空间和年际差异。东部奇台、木垒预报效果优于中西部6站;整体预报能力延伸期弱于中短期,且随预报时效延长而减弱。(2)预报与观测的相关程度较高,但滤除秋季降温背景趋势后日最低气温预报与观测之间的相关程度降低明显,在延伸期时段相关系数从0.8降至0.3以下。不论是否去趋势,温度序列由暖向冷转变的季节趋势越明显,预报的相关性就越好。(3)逐日最低气温预报偏差以偏低为主,随季节推进由9月初的最大-6℃逐渐转变为11月底的2℃以内;多年综合预报PS评分普遍低于60分,站点之间差别较大,奇台站评分相对最高,乌鲁木齐最低,乌鲁木齐的逐年PS评分与其秋季年平均温度分布反向对应,年平均温度越高(低),评分越低(高)。(4)24 h变温的预报偏差整体小于逐日温度,但预报的整体相关程度和相对于观测的离散程度均较逐日温度差,预报时效在5 d内的24 h变温预报效果相对最好。(5)强降温过程的预报能力整体偏弱,初始过程的温度预报偏低,结束过程的温度预报偏高,过程降温幅度预报偏小,过程降温幅度越大,偏小程度越严重,预报时效越长,预报偏差越大。DERF2.0模式的延伸期预报产品对于中天山北坡经济带的秋季强降温过程预报具有一定的参考价值,但是支持能力有限,需要考虑更多方法来探讨提高延伸期预报水平。     

基于CFSv2.0西南地区机场10～30 d延伸期预报产品设计与实现

延伸期逐日预报对于民航属于新兴气象业务。针对民航运行服务需求,根据CFSv2.0气候模式预报产品,运用双线性站点插值技术,基于5 d集合滑动平均和实况报文订正方案生成10～30 d西南地区各机场延伸期逐日最高温度、最低温度、降水量和风向风速的时序柱状曲线预报产品。选取2020年冬季双流机场和贵阳机场强降温和持续性降水过程进行预报效果检验,结果表明：机场延伸期逐日预报产品在强降温与持续性降水预报方面表现出较好的预报性能,能平均提前16 d预报强降温过程,提前20 d预报持续性降水过程。与实况数据相比,强降温和持续性降水预报的时段、强度略有偏差,但预报的变化趋势基本一致。     

基于CFSv2.0西南地区机场10-30天延伸期预报产品设计与实现

延伸期逐日预报对于民航属于新兴气象业务。针对民航运行服务需求,根据CFSv2.0气候模式预报产品,运用双线性站点插值技术,基于5天集合滑动平均和实况报文订正方案生成10-30天西南地区各机场延伸期逐日最高温度、最低温度、降水量和风向风速的时序柱状曲线预报产品。选取2020年冬季双流机场和贵阳机场明显的降温和降水过程进行预报效果检验,结果表明：机场延伸期逐日预报产品表现出较好的预报性能,能平均提前16天预报降温过程,提前20天预报降水过程。与实况数据相比,降温和降水预报的时段、强度略有偏差,但预报的变化趋势基本一致。     

一次强降温预报失误原因探讨

对2006年4月12-3日广西强降温的分析得出：有82个站48h降温幅度≥20℃,占全区92.1%,但是,预报员做的48-72h的温度预报与实况温度误差值很大,究其原因：极涡强且偏南;西南暖低压发展;数值预报误差等因素,是此次气温中期预报误差大的主要原因。     

延伸期温度预报误差订正技术初探

应用滑动平均误差订正方法和历史偏差订正方法,对欧洲中期天气预报中心的数值模式延伸期2 m温度预报进行误差订正。研究发现,应用滑动平均误差订正方法进行11～15 d逐日温度预报订正时,25～30 d是最优的训练期长度。对2018年订正预报的检验分析显示,应用上述两种误差订正方法均可减小模式预报的系统偏差,有效修正模式温度预报较实况明显偏低的问题,并将预报准确率提高30%以上。在6—10月,订正后的温度预报平均绝对误差基本在2℃以内,具有一定的参考性,其业务化产品可支撑预报员的业务预报需求。在15 d内的延伸期预报时效上,两种订正方法对温度预报的订正效果差异并不明显。随着时效的延长,历史偏差订正方法的优势逐渐显现。     

CFSv2模式延伸期逐日预报对强降温过程的预测能力评估

利用CFSv2模式的延伸期逐日预报,分析了CFSv2模式对2017年冬季黑龙江省发生的三次强降温过程预测能力。结果发现CFSv2可以提前10 d以上预报出黑龙江省冬季的强降温过程,发现模式对第一次的强降温过程的预测效果要好于第二次和第三次的预测效果。针对CFSv2延伸期逐日预报来说,需要综合分析连续几日的预报时段内的逐日信息,才能确定是否发生强降温过程。CFSv2逐日预报对黑龙江省冬季的强降温过程的预报能力有一定的技巧,但预报能力还是有限,为了有效提升预报准确率,还必须提高CFSv2模式对北半球中高纬环流的预测技巧和研发与之相适应的解释应用技术。     

一次强降温预报失误原因探讨

对2006年4月12~13日广西强降温的分析得出:有82个站48h降温幅度≥20℃,占全区92.1%,但是,预报员做的48~72h的温度预报与实况温度误差值很大,究其原因:极涡强且偏南;西南暖低压发展;数值预报误差等因素,是此次气温中期预报误差大的主要原因。     

2011年江西汛期降水低频分量的延伸期预报试验

利用2011年2-8月逐日降水量序列及东亚地区850hPa经向风场资料建立多变量时滞回归(multivariable lagged regression, MLR)模型,对5-7月江西降水10-30d和50-70d低频分量分别进行延伸期逐日预报实验。结果表明：2011年江西降水存在显著的10-30d和50-70d的振荡周期。降水50-70d低频分量延伸期预报技巧明显优于10-30d低频分量延伸期预报技巧,平均预报技巧高达0.86。降水50-70d低频分量延伸期预报可准确预报降水低频位相的正负转换,能为江西延伸期强降水过程发生的时段预测提供预报信号。     

延伸期暴雨过程的神经网络预报技术应用初探

利用DERF2.0延伸期环流预报数据资料,首先使用暴雨过程信号指标就一般降水和暴雨过程进行分类,结果延伸期逐日降水分类预报准确率为65%。最后利用逐步回归和粒子群-神经网络方法就延伸期暴雨综合强度进行建模预报,逐步回归方法在F=3条件下对广西暴雨综合强度预报误差最小;粒子群-神经网络预报误差均小于逐步回归方法,相对误差较逐步回归方法预报效果最好的方程减小了32.5%,可见粒子群-神经网络在延伸期定量化预报中具有很好的应用前景。     

贵阳市强降温过程分析及识别探讨

该文利用贵阳市气象站1981—2017年逐日气温资料,对日最低气温、平均气温进行统计分析,结果表明:贵阳市强降温过程主要集中在春季、冬季和秋季,以3月最多,5—9月无强降温过程;出现最多年份为1987年。以最高气温作为指标进行强降温频次及强度计算,对未达寒潮标准的强降温过程进行了48 h及72 h降温幅度统计,对24 h强降温过程进行逐小时降温幅度统计。归纳出3点建议:(1)在气象服务及预报业务考核工作中可考虑将最高气温作为计算指标;(2)在气象服务及预报考核中视情况将Ⅳ级(强)强降温的识别时间参照寒潮标准增加48 h、72 h的识别标准;(3)在气象服务工作中可将逐小时降温幅度作为强降温天气过程服务的主要参考因素。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.