青藏高原拉萨地块松多榴辉岩的岩相学特征和变质演化过程

松多榴辉岩出露于拉萨地块的石英片岩中,主要由较为基性的金红石榴辉岩和较为酸性的石英榴辉岩组成。榴辉岩相矿物组合为石榴子石 绿辉石 绿帘石±多硅白云母±石英±金红石。岩石发生了较强烈的退变质作用,退变质矿物有角闪石、绿帘石、石英、钠长石及绿泥石。石榴子石变斑晶具有生长环带结构,变斑晶和基质石榴子石主要落入C类榴辉岩区,少数石榴子石变斑晶边部和基质石榴子石落入B类榴辉岩区;单斜辉石主要为绿辉石,少数Ⅰ世代和Ⅲ世代为普通辉石;角闪石均为钙质角闪石。根据石榴子石-绿辉石-多硅白云母矿物温压计计算,获得的温压范围为630～777℃和2.58～2.70GPa,峰期变质条件接近于石英-柯石英转变线。榴辉岩的原岩经历了从高绿片岩相、角闪岩相、榴辉岩相、角闪岩相到高绿片岩相的变质过程,这反映了与古特提斯洋闭合有关的俯冲进变质作用和随后的折返退变质作用。     

西藏松多榴辉岩变质作用研究

西藏拉萨地块松多附近新发现一条榴辉岩带,长约100 km,宽约2~3 km。松多榴辉岩主要经历了进变质的绿帘石榴辉岩相-峰期的榴辉岩相-退变质的角闪岩相3个阶段。岩石学研究表明,峰期的特征矿物组合是石榴子石绿辉石多硅白云母金红石,峰期温压条件是760~800 ℃,33~39 GPa。这表明松多地区可能曾经历超高压变质作用,之后快速返回,p T轨迹呈“发卡”状,后期退变质经历了角闪石榴辉岩相阶段。研究松多榴辉岩表明,拉萨地块内部有一条新的缝合带,这对于了解拉萨地块和古特提斯洋的演化有重要意义。     

西藏松多地区早侏罗世变质辉长岩的成因及其构造意义

冈底斯岩浆岩带中东部松多地区新发现的变质辉长岩对于讨论松多古特提斯洋演化历史具有重要约束意义。在详细野外地质调查基础上,本文报道了松多变质辉长岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄、锆石Hf同位素成分分析和全岩地球化学组成,并探讨了岩石的成因及其对松多古特提斯洋构造演化的启示。结果表明,松多变质辉长岩原岩形成于195±6Ma～202±2Ma之间; Si O2含量为45. 56%～53. 69%,MgO含量较高为6. 04%～11. 75%,Mg#为66～77;高Cr(209×10-6～746×10-6)和Ni(80×10-6～234×10-6)含量。该岩石富集轻稀土元素,平滑右倾的稀土配分模式介于E-MORB和OIB之间;富集大离子亲石元素和Nb、Ta等高场强元素;具有较低的(La/Yb)N=2. 06～4. 81、(La/Sm)N=1. 50～2. 48、(Gd/Yb)N=1. 21～1. 67和(Ce/Y)N2。锆石εHf(t)值为-1. 9～3. 9,具相对古老Hf模式年龄(988～1361Ma)。综合对区域地质、年代学、岩石地球化学以及锆石Hf同位素等资料的全面分析,认为松多早侏罗世变质辉长岩原岩的岩浆可能起源于下地壳改造的亏损岩石圈地幔的部分熔融,形成于松多古特提斯洋壳板片断离事件所引发岩石圈减薄的伸展构造背景。     

西藏松多地区晚白垩世末期弧岩浆岩岩石成因及构造意义

新特提斯洋在晚白垩世末期(68Ma左右)的构造演化一直饱受争议。西藏松多地区晚白垩世末期弧岩浆岩包括花岗斑岩和二长花岗岩。锆石定年结果显示,二长花岗岩和花岗斑岩年龄均为68Ma。松多花岗斑岩和二长花岗岩的Si O_2含量为68.5%~80.6%,K_2O含量为4.1%~6.5%,P2O5含量为0.011%~0.058%。花岗斑岩Mg#值较低,为11.3~19.0,二长花岗岩Mg~#值为24.2~43.5。花岗斑岩和二长花岗岩样品均显示轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素亏损和明显的Eu(δEu=0.15~1.21)负异常。两者均富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Th、U、K、Pb等,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti。花岗斑岩εHf(t)值为-0.9~+2.9,二阶段模式年龄T_(DM)~C在955~1196Ma之间;二长花岗岩εHf(t)值为-17.1~+7.9(只有1个点为负值),二阶段模式年龄在633~2219Ma之间。最终认为,松多地区晚白垩世末期二长花岗岩和花岗斑岩岩浆源区为新生下地壳,但花岗斑岩更靠近古老下地壳。结合区域资料,认为新特提斯洋在晚白垩世末期68Ma左右属于洋脊俯冲结束阶段。     

青藏高原拉萨地块松多榴辉岩的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄及锆石中的包裹体

拉萨地块榴辉岩样品中的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄值为(242.4±15.2)～(291.9±12.8)Ma,平均261.7Ma±5.3Ma。所有锆石均含有大量的包裹体,主要分布在锆石核部。最常见的矿物包裹体是石榴子石,其次为石英、磷灰石、金红石和绿辉石,可见角闪石、榍石、多硅白云母和钠长石。包裹体具3种组合:榴辉岩相(Grt Omp Rt Phe)、角闪岩相(Amp Spn Ab)和不确定相(Qtz Ap)。锆石中的矿物包裹体与岩石中对应矿物的成分相同。包裹体集中在锆石核部和榴辉岩相矿物的大量出现表明锆石生长发生于变质峰期或峰期之后不久。锆石的Th/U比值均很低,具变质成因锆石的典型特征。区域地质资料对比表明,榴辉岩的原岩可能形成于石炭纪—二叠纪早期,是古特提斯洋盆裂解的产物。     

The Metamorphic Evolution and Tectonic Significance of the Eclogite in the Sumdo Complex,Tibet, China

As the main tectonic component of the Himalayan–Tibetan orogen, the Lhasa terrane has received much attention as it records the entire history of the orogeny. The occurrence of high pressure eclogite in the Sumdo complex in central Lhasa terrane has a significant bearing on the understanding of the Paleo‐Tethys subduction and plate itineration processes in this area. The petrological, geochemical and geochronological data from eclogite and associated blueschist and garnet‐bearing mica schist from Sumdo, Jilang and Bailang area have been briefly review to explore the origin and metamorphic evolution of this suture. Eclogites from the Sumdo complex have experienced low temperature, high pressure to ultrahigh pressure metamorphism, revealing a fast subduction and exhumation process in a typical oceanic subduction zone. The large P‐T span between different eclogites in the literature may be affected by the big error of unappropriated using geothermobarometry and may also because of slices of subducted blocks derived from different depths juxtapose together during exhumation. By summarizing the U‐Pb, Lu‐Hf and Sm‐Nd ages of eclogites, the eclogite facies metamorphism is likely to occur in early Triassic during 245‐225 Ma, but not the previously accepted late Permian at ca. 260 Ma by the reinterpretation of the former geochronological data from literature. The opening of Paleo‐Tethys Ocean between the Lhasa terrane initiate prior to ca. 280 Ma and ultimate closure to integrate the Lhasa terrane was no earlier than 225 Ma and may triggered by the initial subduction of Bangong‐Nujiang Tethys Ocean in the north.     

Metamorphism and tectonic evolution of the Lancang paired metamorphic belts, south-western China

Abstract The Lancang metamorphic terrane consists of an eastern low- P/T belt and a western high- P/T belt divided by a N–S-trending fault. Protoliths of both units are mid–late Proterozoic basement and its cover. The low- P/T belt includes the Permian Lincang batholith, related amphibolite facies rocks of the Damenglong and Chongshan groups, and Permo-Triassic volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks. Most whole-rock Rb–Sr isochron and U–Pb zircon ages of the Lincang batholith are in the range 290–279 and 254–212 Ma, respectively. Metamorphism of the low- P/T belt reaches upper amphibolite with local granulite facies (735°C at 5 kbar), subsequently retrogressed at 450–500°C during post-Triassic time. The high- P/T rocks grade from west to east from blueschist through transitional blueschist/greenschist to epidote amphibolite facies. Estimated P–T conditions follow the high- P intermediate facies series up to about 550–600°C, at which oligoclase is stable. The ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar plateau age of sodic amphibole in blueschist is 279 Ma.
The paired metamorphic belts combined with the spatial and temporal distribution of other blueschist belts lead us to propose a tentative tectonic history of south-east Asia since the latest Precambrian. Tectonic juxtaposition of paired belts with contrasting P–T conditions, perhaps during collision of the Baoshan block with south-east Asia, suggests that an intervening oceanic zone existed that has been removed. The Baoshan block is a microcontinent rifted from the northern periphery of Gondwana. Successive collision and amalgamation of microcontinents from either Gondwana or the Panthalassan ocean resulted in rapid southward continental growth of c. 500 km during the last 200 Ma. Hence, the Lancang region in south-east Asia represents a suture zone between two contrasting microcontinents.     

Development of the Sumdo Suture in the Lhasa Block, Tibet, China

The Qinghai–Tibet plateau is a composite continental fragment formed by collision of multiple terranes and island arcs.The Lhasa terrane,which is located in the central part of the plateau,is bounded by the Yarlung–Zangbo suture to the south and Bangong-Nujiang suture to the north.An E–W–trending belt of(ultra)-high pressure eclogite was discovered in the Sumdo region of the Lhasa terrane.Careful field studies combined with petrological,geochemical and isotopic analyses show that the Sumdo eclogites mark a Carboniferous–Permian suture zone,at least 100 km long,containing ophiolite fragments,eclogites and Indosinian post–orogenic granitoids.This suture divides the Lhasa block into a northern and southern segment.Sumdo eclogite occurs about 200 km east of Lhasa city,and extends over 100km in an E–W direction.Sumdo eclogites were accompanied by garnet amphibolite and plagioclaseamphiboliteformedbyretrograde metamorphism of the eclogites.The eclogites were derived from oceanic basalts.LA–ICPMS U–Pb dating of zircon from the Sumdo eclogites indicates a Permian metamorphic age(260–270 Ma)and a Carboniferous protolith age of 303±4.8 MaThe ophiolite fragments in the Sumdo suture zone are composed of the ultramafic rocks,MORB–type basalt,OIB–type basalt and island arc basaltic andesite,some of which are intruded by post-collisional granites.The ultramafic body,a typical tectonic block in the suture zone,is completely serpentinized.Its geochemical features suggest that it is composed of harzburgite,typical of depleted mantle peridotite.The MORB and OIB–type basalts crop out in the Chasagang Formation,and the basaltic andesite crops out in the Leilongku Formation,both of which make up the Sumdo Group.Zircons from the OIB–type basalt with typical magmatic characteristics yield an average U–Pb age of306(95%)Ma,suggesting formation in a Paleo–Tethyan basin in the Carboniferous.U–Pb dating of zircon from the basaltic andesites yielded a concordant age of 265±3.1Ma,similar to the metamorphic age(266–270 Ma)of the eclogites,suggesting formation during subduction of the oceanic crust.Indosinian granodiorite with an age of194±4.3 Ma crops out north of the Sumdo suture.These granodiorites are similar to the late Indochina granites in the Lhasa block,and most likely formed during continent-arc collision or during closure of the Paleo-Tethyan Ocean.A four–stage model for the evolution of the Sumdo Paleo–Tethyan suture is proposed:1)From the Ordovician to the Devonian Gondwanaland was part of an epicontinental sea;2)In the Carboniferous,continental rifting produced a local basin,which then evolved into a Paleo-Tethyan ocean basin,dividing the Lhasa block into two segments;3)From the Permian to the early Triassic,Paleo-Tethyan oceanic crust was subducted northward and;4)In the middle Triassic and early Jurassic,the two fragments collided to form the modern Lhasa block.     

西藏松多地区超基性岩地球化学特征及对松多古特提斯洋演化的启示

唐加-松多古特提斯缝合带的提出改变了地学界对青藏高原古特提斯演化格局的认识。为进一步约束唐加-松多古特提斯缝合带中蛇绿岩的岩石成因及类型, 以松多地区的超基性岩为研究对象, 对其进行了岩石学和全岩地球化学研究。结果显示, 松多地区超基性岩与原始地幔相比具有较高的MgO和TFe2O3含量, 以及较低的Al2O3和TiO2含量。样品稀土元素总含量介于4.04×10-6~9.31×10-6之间, 大部分低于原始地幔值。稀土元素配分曲线呈较宽缓的"U"型, 轻稀土元素较富集。微量元素分布形式与全球深海橄榄岩的微量元素分布形式基本一致, 具有明显的Th、Nb负异常, 大部分样品具有轻微的Zr、Hf负异常。定量模拟估算表明, 研究区超基性岩主要为尖晶石二辉橄榄岩地幔批式熔融后的难熔残留体, 熔融程度大于25%, 并具一定程度石榴子石相熔融的特征, 未受到后期岩石-熔体反应的改造, 其原岩应为亏损的深海橄榄岩。结合区域研究成果, 松多地区超基性岩可能形成于大洋中脊(MOR)环境, 为典型的大洋中脊玄武岩(MORB)型蛇绿岩端元之一。     

西藏羌塘中部亚丹高压变质岩年代学、地球化学特征及其构造意义

羌南和羌北地块沿龙木错-双湖缝合带碰撞对接,标志着古特提斯洋的最终闭合,然而古特提斯洋的构造演化,尤其它的打开时限一直争议不断。本文对龙木错-双湖缝合带以南荣玛地区的变质杂岩进行了岩相学、年代学和地球化学特征研究,进而约束古特提斯洋的开、合时限及其关闭后的构造演化特征。通过LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,本文首次报道了1件新元古代斜长角闪岩,其加权平均年龄为717±7Ma(n=61,MSWD=1. 9),表明原岩形成于新元古代中期,反映羌南地区存在前寒武基底;另获得1件中侏罗世斜长角闪岩的锆石加权平均年龄为163±2Ma(n=26,MSWD=1. 9),表明其原岩形成于中侏罗世;获得2件石榴石多硅白云母石英片岩锆石边部谐和年龄范围分别为267～1349Ma和214～2050Ma;另对片岩中2组多硅白云母样品进行~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar定年,分别获得224. 2±1. 5Ma和223. 9±1. 5Ma的一致坪年龄,暗示区域变质作用可能从～224Ma持续到214Ma之后,且～214Ma的岩浆事件可能形成于碰撞过程中。新元古代和中侏罗世斜长角闪岩的岩石地球化学特征显示,前者原岩具E-MORB特征,后者原岩趋向于OIB特征。基于区域岩石组合与地球化学特征,推断二者均形成于伸展环境,前者可能形成于陆内伸展背景,响应Rodinia超大陆的裂解,后者可能形成于大陆裂谷环境,响应羌南、羌北地块碰撞结束后的裂解。综合前人与本文研究成果,认为新元古代中期(～717Ma),某未知陆块可能就已逐渐开始从羌南-印度大陆裂解,导致"古特提斯洋"在ca. 717～517Ma之间的某个时间点就已打开;古特提斯洋可能在～224Ma才完成闭合,羌南、羌北陆陆碰撞挤压持续到214Ma之后;中侏罗世区域为裂谷伸展环境,并发育OIB特征的碱性玄武岩和双峰式火成岩。     

The Habutengsu metapelites and metagreywackes in western Tianshan,China: metamorphic evolution and tectonic implications

The HP‐UHP metamorphic belt of western Tianshan in northwestern China is a rarely preserved oceanic UHP terrane which consists predominantly of meta‐siliciclastic rocks, occasionally accompanied by lens‐shaped metabasites. The metapelites and metagreywackes from the Habutengsu Valley and adjacent area within this belt contain quartz, albite, garnet, white mica, chlorite and rutile/titanite, with or without minor amounts of barroisite, glaucophane, clinozoisite, allanite, graphite, carbonate and tourmaline. Included in coarse‐grained garnet, pseudomorphs of clinozoisite + paragonite after lawsonite are common, seldom also together with inclusions of chloritoid, jadeite and glaucophane. In the northern Habutengsu area, garnet is compositionally characterized by similar cores with consistently low‐Ca content. Similar garnet armouring coesite has been reported in UHP schists from the same area. Deduced P–T conditions during formation of these Ca‐poor garnet cores are 25–31 kbar and 430–510 °C, which are consistent with the computed stability of the observed assemblage Grt + Gln + Lws ± Jd ± Cld in the coesite stability field. Thus, the occurrences of the UHP metapelites and metagreywackes define an internally coherent UHP unit in the north of the Habutengsu area, the spatial extension of which is much larger than previously known. Compared with the northern ones, the southern metapelites and metagreywackes in the Habutengsu area consist of similar minerals and have similar bulk rock compositions but significantly different garnet chemistry, indicating an abrupt variation in P–T conditions during garnet growth. The derived conditions initiating the garnet growth for the southern rocks in a similar range (18–21 kbar and 450–500 °C) and thus constrain a coherent HP unit in the south of the Habutengsu area. The juxtaposition of two exhumed slices of contrasting metamorphic grades probably indicates the change of subduction dynamics of the palaeo‐Tianshan oceanic crust, the subduction polarity (from south to north) of which accounts for the spatial relationship between these two units.     

拉萨地块松多超高压变质带含石榴石云母石英片岩的变质演化相平衡模拟

拉萨地块松多超高压变质带含石榴石白云母石英片岩为榴辉岩的围岩,岩石的矿物组合为石榴石、白云母、钠长石、绿泥石、石英及少量金红石、榍石。石榴石具有明显的成分环带,从核部到幔部Xprp=[Mg/(Mg+Fe+Mn+Ca)]缓慢升高,Xsps=[Mn/(Mg+Fe+Mn+Ca)]逐渐降低,表明石榴石从核部到幔部的成分记录了温度逐渐升高的进变质过程;幔部到边部,Xprp=[Mg/(Mg+Fe+Mn+Ca)]略微降低,Xgrs=[Ca/(Mg+Fe+Mn+Ca)]明显升高,Xsps=[Mn/(Mg+Fe+Mn+Ca)]先升高后降低,表明石榴石边部成分受到了退变质作用改造,呈现扩散环带的特征。利用Thermocalc变质相平衡计算软件在Mn NCKFMASHO体系下计算出含石榴石云母石英片岩的P-T、P-M(H2O)视剖面图,结合石榴石镁铝榴石等值线、钙铝榴石等值线及饱和水含量等值线限定出含石榴石云母石英片岩的峰期变质条件为约27×105k Pa,523/580℃,对应的峰期矿物组合为(g-Jd-Cr-Law(+Phn+q/Coe+H2O)。石榴石核部到幔部成分记录了主要的进变质演化,结合饱和水等值线的变化,判断进变质阶段为升温升压的冷俯冲过程,岩石经历了蓝片岩相至榴辉岩相的变质演化;P-M(H2O)视剖面图及饱和水等值线反映了岩石在减压中的流体行为,通过其变化特征可以确定岩石在峰期之后先经历近等温降压的早期退变质过程,晚期降温降压的退变轨迹则由石榴石边部成分所确定,此过程中,岩石发生了角闪岩相至绿帘角闪岩相变质,并在后期经历了绿片岩相变质叠加。近等温降压的退变质过程反映了快速抬升的构造运动过程,早期硬玉转变为钠长石可能发生在这个阶段。对比含石榴石云母石英片岩与榴辉岩的P-T轨迹,峰期变质温压及变质演化特征,提出含石榴石云母石英片岩曾经历过高压变质,结合野外相互伴生的地质关系,认为该片岩与榴辉岩经历了相同或者相似的俯冲折返过程。     

苏北青龙山超高压变质榴辉岩流体包裹体特征与流体演化

根据青龙山超高压变质榴辉岩中流体包裹体的化学成分、矿物中的分布特征将岩石中的流体包裹体分为五类,即富N2包裹体、高盐度(22.4-略大于23.2wt%NaCl)的NaCl CaCl2 H2O体系流体包裹体、中高盐度(12.6-16.0wt%NaCl)的含Mg2 或Fe2 的NaCl H2O体系流体包裹体、中等盐度(6.4-10.5wt%NaCl)水溶液包裹体和低盐度(3.3-0.2wt%NaCl)的水溶液包裹体。富N2包裹体形成于超高压变质峰期阶段,高盐度的流体包裹体形成于超高压变质岩折返早期固体出溶体出溶阶段,中高盐度的流体包裹体形成于高压变质重结晶作用阶段,中等盐度的流体包裹体形成于角闪岩相变质重结晶作用阶段,低盐度的流体包裹体形成于折返晚期的绿片岩退变质作用阶段。超高压变质峰期阶段和折返早期的高盐度流体和中高盐度的流体主要来自继承原岩中的流体(如含NH4 矿物分解或片麻岩原岩中的有机质分解,名义上无水矿物中羧基水的出溶),晚期角闪岩相退变质阶段的中等盐度的流体除名义上无水矿物中羟基水的出溶外还有外来流体的加入,绿片岩相退变质作用阶段的流体主要为外来流体。     

Discovery of Early Paleozoic eclogite from the East Kunlun,Western China and its tectonic significance

Eclogites discovered in the eastern part of the East Kunlun Mountains, Western China, are primarily composed of garnet + omphacite + quartz + rutile. The garnets show end-member components of 48–55% almandine, 1–2% spessartine, 19–29% grossularite and 16–29% pyrope, and the omphacite has a jadeite content of 21–63%. The peak-metamorphic assemblage of eclogites records a P–T condition of > 1.6 GPa and 590 °C–650 °C. Zircon U–Pb dating of the inherited magmatic zircons from fine-grained eclogite reveals a Neoproterozoic age of 934 Ma, representing the protolith age of the eclogite. Zircons from the coarse-grained eclogite contain inclusions of garnet, omphacite and rutile, and yield a weighted mean age of 428 Ma, indicating the metamorphic age of eclogite. The eclogites, together with the Late Cambrian (508 Ma) high-pressure granulite to the west, constitute an Early Paleozoic high-pressure metamorphic belt in the East Kunlun.     

A tectonic model for the metamorphic evolution of the Basal Gneiss Complex, Western South Norway

A review of currently available information relevant to the Basal Gneiss Complex (BGC) of Western South Norway, combined with the authors'own observations, leads to the following conclusions.
1. Most of the BGC consists of Proterozoic crystalline rocks and probably subordinate Lower Palaeozoic cover.
2. The last major deformation of these rocks was during the Caledonian orogeny and involved large-scale thrusting, recumbent folding and doming. The structural development of the BGC is closely tied in with that of the Caledonian allochthon.
3. The whole eclogite-bearing part of the BGC has suffered a high pressure metamorphism with conditions of between 550°C, 12.5 kbar (Sunnfjord) and about 750°C, 20 kbar (Møre og Romsdal) at the metamorphic climax.
4. This metamorphism was of Caledonian age, probably rather early in the Caledonian tectonic history of the BGC and is considered to have been a rather transient event.
By setting these conclusions in a framework provided by geophysical evidence for the deep structure of the crust in southern Norway we have constructed a geotectonic model to explain the recorded metamorphic history of the BGC. It is suggested that considerable crustal thickening was caused by imbrication of the Baltic plate margin during continental collision with the Greenland plate. This resulted in high pressure metamorphism in the resulting nappe stack. Progradation of the suture caused underthrusting of the Baltic foreland below the eclogite-bearing terrain causing it to emerge at the Earth's surface, aided by tectonic stripping and erosion.
Application of isostacy equations to the model shows that eclogites can be formed by in-situ metamorphism in crustal rocks and reappear at the land surface above a normal thickness of crust in a single orogenic episode of approximately 65-70 Ma duration.     

鄂北高压榴辉岩相变质带的变质、变形和流体演化

大别高压超高压变质带从南到北可分成四个带,它们是绿帘蓝片岩带、高压榴辉岩带(南带)、超高压榴辉岩带和高压榴辉岩带(北带).高压榴辉岩相变质带以蓝闪石榴辉岩为代表,并出现多硅白云母、绿帘石、石英、金红石和锆石等变质矿物. 石榴石中含有前榴辉岩相变质形成的矿物包体,并具典型的进变质成分环带.高压榴辉岩中保存了其进、退变质作用全过程中的岩石学和构造信息,即在挤压体制下,表壳岩石经绿帘角闪岩相到榴辉岩相进变质作用和强烈韧性变形;在继续挤压逆冲机制下高压变质岩的大幅度折返,从壳幔边界上升到地壳中、浅层次,并发生绿帘角闪相退变质作用和多期韧性变形;在伸展体制下经滑脱、断块升降、差异抬升高压变质岩块体暴露到地表,并发生绿片岩相退变质作用和韧-脆性变形.高压变质作用过程中存在广泛的流体-岩石相互作用, 气液包裹体和高压含水矿物的稳定产出,是最有力的证据.流体的成分、含量、迁移形式控制着变质反应,是影响高压变质岩形成与保存的热力学和动力学条件.     

藏西北戈木日榴辉岩岩石学特征及其构造意义

戈木日榴辉岩产出于羌塘中部龙木错-双湖古板块缝合带内,是羌塘中部高压变质岩带的重要组成部分,前人多认为其系洋壳冷俯冲的产物。该榴辉岩的矿物组合可分为四期:第一期为含Fe~(3+)的钙钠闪石+钠云母+钠长石+绿泥石+石英+富含LREE、Th和U的褐帘石+榍石±富Mn的石榴子石。富Mg的石榴子石+贫Fe的绿辉石+不含微量元素的黝帘石+石英+钠云母+金红石+黄铁矿则为第二期矿物组合。第三期为退变质组合,包括钠长石、绿泥石、榍石和阳起石。第四期为磁铁矿、新生绿帘石和针状钛铁矿。热力学半定量模拟表明,石榴子石核部形成于T=644℃,P=13.0kbar,lgfO_2=-16.3~-16.4,而石榴子石幔部则形成于T=695℃,P=16.6kbar,lgfO_2=-19.0~-19.5,表明该榴辉岩属中温榴辉岩,而不是前人所言的冷榴辉岩,这反映了羌塘中部古特提斯洋盆的构造演化历史比较复杂,不仅有冷俯冲的洋壳,还有中温俯冲的洋壳。该榴辉岩在进变质过程中经历了还原作用,早期含Fe~(3+)的钙钠闪石和褐帘石等形成于高氧逸度之下的含水矿物,转变为形成于低氧逸度条件下的石榴子石和贫Fe的绿辉石、黝帘石等矿物,释放出水和轻REE、Th、U、Ba等微量元素。折返阶段新生成的矿物均不含有这些微量元素,表明早期阶段释放的微量元素很可能离开了俯冲板片,随流体进入上覆地幔楔。本文的研究进一步证实了进变质与还原作用共同促进了物质从俯冲板片中活化、转移至上覆地幔楔,这有助于理解具有独特地球化学特征的岛弧岩浆的起源。     

西藏拉萨地块松多榴辉岩的锆石Lu/Hf同位素研究及LA-ICPMS U-Pb定年

最近在青藏高原拉萨地块中发现一条榴辉岩带.榴辉岩带位于拉萨北东近200km处的松多乡一带,呈近东西方向延伸,至少长60kin,宽2km～3km.锆石样品选自新鲜的榴辉岩样品,共测了39个数据点,其中前19个数据点仅做Lu-Hf同位素分析,后20个数据点既做了锆石原位Lu-Hf同位素分析,同时也做了锆石原位LA-MC-ICPMS U-Pb定年.结果表明,松多榴辉岩锆石Hf同位素组成比较均一,具有高176Hf/177Hf和低176Lu/177Hf特征,176Hf/177Hf和176Lu/176Hf值分别变化在0.2829651～0.2830295和0.000002～0.000008之间,其可能代表全岩体系在变质作用发生时的平均Hf同位素组成.松多榴辉岩的高176Hf/177Hf和低176Lu/177Hf组成特征可能跟其高压变质作用以及在变质作用过程中形成石榴子石矿物有关.εHf(0)变化于6.8～10.0,表明在其变质过程中,变质流体有亏损地幔物质的加入.LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年,所获得加权平均年龄260Ma±16Ma,为变质年龄.从而进一步确定了松多榴辉岩变质事件发生在二叠纪.     

左权变质杂岩区早前寒武纪变质演化及其构造指示

左权变质杂岩构造上位于华北中部带中南段,向东紧邻赞皇变质杂岩。研究区广泛发育长英质黑云斜长片麻岩和斜长角闪岩,无典型变泥质岩石出露,斜长角闪岩多以似层状或透镜状方式产于似层状的片麻岩中,二者在局部地区侵入接触关系明显。该地区可识别出三期变形作用和三期变质作用,区域片麻理所代表的第二期变形作用(D2)与峰期变质作用(M2)事件相对应。杂岩区含榴黑云斜长片麻岩和含榴斜长角闪岩中较好地保留了多个阶段的变质作用信息,本文重点研究其变质演化过程。含榴黑云斜长片麻岩中仅保留峰期阶段矿物组合,变质条件为730℃/8.5kbar。含榴斜长角闪岩记录了3个阶段的变质矿物组合,第一阶段矿物组合(M1)为进变质矿物组合,以石榴石变斑晶内部的早期包裹体及其临近的石榴石核部为代表,即Grt1+Pl1+Amp1+Qtz±Bt1±Chl1±Ilm±Ap,该阶段的温度和压力范围分别为:608~643℃/5.2~5.5kbar;第二阶段矿物组合(M2)为变质峰期矿物组合,主要由石榴石XMn最低的"边部"和基质矿物(Grt2+Amp2+Pl2+Qtz±Cpx2±Bt2±Ep2±Ilm±Ap)组成。最高变质温度大于670℃,最高变质压力大于9.4kbar。第三阶段矿物组合(M3)为退变质减压矿物组合,其典型代表是石榴石边部发育的Pl3+Hbl3+Cum3+Qtz±Bt3后成合晶矿物组合,呈细粒交生状结构特征,该阶段温压估算范围为:611~627℃/5.1~5.9kbar。左权变质杂岩区岩石变质程度虽明显低于赞皇变质杂岩区(Tmax812℃,Pmax12.5kbar),但两杂岩区岩石拥有类似的变质演化特征,均记录了包含近等温降压型(ITD)退变质片段的顺时针P-T轨迹,指示碰撞造山环境。结合中部带其它杂岩区的变质演化特征,推测左权变质杂岩卷入了晚太古代-早元古代末期华北克拉通东、西部陆块之间的碰撞造山过程。     

藏南拉轨岗日变质核杂岩核部花岗质片麻岩的地球化学特征及构造意义

拉轨岗日变质核杂岩花岗质片麻岩高SiO2、K2O,低Fe2O3、MgO、MnO,铝饱和指数A/CNK为1.07～1.19,含白云母、石榴子石等过铝质矿物,属高钾钙碱性过铝质岩石.稀土总量较高,轻稀土富集,轻、重稀土分馏明显,Eu负异常;富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Th、U,贫高场强元素Sr、Nb,Hf和Ba亏损,具有壳源S型花岗岩的特征.87Sr/86Sr初始比值ISr变化于0.709～0.7306,εNd(t)值较低,为-7.13 ～-8.97,且εNd(t)和ISr无明显相关关系,εSr(t)值较高,为80.65 ～379.(206Pb/204Pb)t=18.1062 ～18.8085,(207Pb/24Pb)t=15.6713 ～ 15.7901,(208Pb/204Pb)t=37.529 ～ 38.1815,表现出地壳特征的Sr、Nd、Pb同位素特征.岩浆源区可能是以粘土岩主,砂质岩占次要地位的沉积岩,经部分熔融形成的花岗质岩浆上升侵位形成.LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb年龄为514Ma,是泛非造山事件在北喜马拉雅拉轨岗日一带的地质记录.岩石形成于由碰撞造山的挤压环境向后碰撞造山的伸展环境转化阶段,说明泛非碰撞造山事件在拉雅拉轨岗日一带可能结束,进入后碰撞造山的构造演化阶段.岩浆底侵可能使拉轨岗日变质核杂岩在该阶段已经初步隆起,对变质核杂岩的形成起了重要作用.