力破『空城计』——浙江省嵊州市宅基地整治纪实

开展农村宅基地整治,是土地管理中的一大难点。自2001年起,浙江省嵊州市通过建立"以土养土,以土治土"的良性互动的运作机制,使得以拆旧建新和退宅还耕为重点的宅基地整治得以顺利推进。到2006年底,嵊州市1077个行政村中已有945个村开展了宅基地整治,盘活了村庄面积1.4万亩,其中退宅还耕新增耕地9056亩。     

我国特色村庄的土地整治探析

我国悠久历史文化和形态迥异的地理风貌塑造了山水、田园、文化和历史等不同景观类型的村庄。作为农村人地关系的核心,村庄用地是农村人口生产和生活等综合功能的承载体,是我国美丽乡村有机组成部分。然而,长期以来的城乡二元体制和乡村规划的弱化,导致村庄出现了破败和杂乱等问题,村庄用地也出现了粗放、无序利用等现象。随着土地整治工作的深入开展,村庄用地正逐渐成为农村土地整治的重点。为了避免在土地     

信息视点

多部门联合印发通知开展农村人居环境整治村庄清洁行动近日,中央农办、农业农村部、国家发展改革委、科技部、财政部、自然资源部等十八部门联合印发《农村人居环境整治村庄清洁行动方案》的通知,明确于2019年起在全国范围内集中组织开展农村人居环境整治村庄清洁行动,聚焦农民群众最关心、最现实、最急需解决的村庄环境卫生难题,充分激发农民群众"自己     

城与乡，同样美--德国土地整治经验与启示

德国是世界上城镇化发展较快、城镇化率较高的国家之一,其在推进城镇化过程中特别注重大中城市和小城镇均衡发展,形成一种城乡统筹、分布合理、均衡发展的独特模式。其中,土地整治在促进农村发展、实现城乡一体化过程中发挥了重要作用。德国的土地整治与农村经济社会发展相结合,从以增加产量为主要目标发展到区域内生态环境保护和农村全面协调发展,注重兴修水利、整修道路、改良土壤、维护乡村景观、优化村民居住和生活条件、继承保护民族历史文化遗产,实现社会经济发展与自然环境保护的统一。无论是百万人口的大城市还是几千人口的小城镇或是城区边缘的村庄,都有着优美的环境、便捷的交通、完善的基础设施,城乡几乎无差别。本文介绍了德国土地整治经验,以供大家借鉴。     

福建省松溪县农村居民点整治潜力与途径研究

以福建省松溪县为例,对其下辖9个乡(镇)的农村居民点用地现状与特征进行了分析,并对全县农村居民点整治潜力进行了估算,认为该县农村居民点整治潜力较大。并以此为基础,提出了按照空心村整治模式、村庄归并模式、地质灾害区异地迁移安置模式、低山荒地整治模式、改造整理模式等农村居民点整治思路。     

多部门联合印发通知开展农村人居环境整治村庄清洁行动

近日,中央农办、农业农村部、国家发展改革委、科技部、财政部、自然资源部等十八部门联合印发《农村人居环境整治村庄清洁行动方案》的通知,明确于2019年起在全国范围内集中组织开展农村人居环境整治村庄清洁行动,聚焦农民群众最关心、最现实、最急需解决的村庄环境卫生难题,充分激发农民群众“自己的事自己办”的自觉,从老百姓身边的小事抓起,一件事情接着一件事情办,有力有序科学推进农村人居环境整治工作。     

空心化村庄成因及治理对策探析——以江苏省邳州市前湖村为例

以邳州市前湖村为例,在逐户调研的基础上,分析其空心化现状,并从法律制度、政府倾向、人口结构、自然历史条件和经济条件五方面探讨村庄空心化成因,进而提出前湖村的整治模式和治理对策,以期为空心化村庄规划整治提供借鉴。     

平原县农村闲散宅基地清理整治成效显著

平原县共有13个乡镇、街区,876个村庄,131000多户,农业人口约37万,全县共有宅基地122000多处,占地面积约3666．67hm^2。自2007年4月6日开始,平原县进一步采取有力措施,大力推进农村闲散宅基地清理整治工作,取得了明显的成效。截至2007年9月底,全县需清理整治的村庄有824个,已完成清理整治的村庄有731个,占应开展该项工作村庄总数的88．7％,共收回闲散宅基地1509．87hm^2,收取承包金1013万元。     

垦利县规模最大、投资最多的永安镇土地综合整治项目获省政府批复

近日,垦利县永安镇土地综合整治项目——农村建设用地整治项目区实施规划获省政府批复。永安镇土地综合整治项目位于垦利县永安镇东北部,是垦利县规模最大、投资最多的土地整治项目。项目总规模面积达0.39万hm2,其中农用地整治0.35万hm2,农村建设用地整治中拆旧复垦315.09 hm2,安置区82.84 hm2,共涉及13个村庄,     

浙江省农村宅基地整理工作中的问题和对策研究

近年来,浙江省按照统筹城乡发展的思路,以村庄环境整治和宅基地整理为载体,大力推进社会主义新农村建设,农村环境面貌显著改善,村庄规模逐步扩大,农民的居住条件也有了明显的提高。但是,一些地方旧村改造相对滞后,村庄内存在着大量的废弃、闲置住宅和空闲地,有新房没新村、     

地球信息科学技术在中国减贫中的应用进展

从救济式扶贫到精准扶贫,中国通过不断地探索和实践,走出了一条中国特色社会主义减贫道路,实现了农村贫困人口大幅减少,贫困地区面貌明显改善,脱贫攻坚取得历史性重大成就。很长时间,贫困地区的社会经济和资源环境监测都是建立在各类统计资料,统计报表,纸质档案等的基础之上,以行政单元为基础,缺乏有效、准确的空间位置信息。随着遥感和地理信息系统等地球信息科学技术的不断发展,其对空间信息高效地捕捉和计算能力,极大地提升了新时期扶贫开发工作的效率和决策支持水平。本文系统地阐述了地球信息科学在中国减贫中所发挥的作用,具体来说,主要集中在4个方面：① 多源地理空间数据在贫困地区自然资源和生态环境监测评估中的应用;② 贫困地区灾害监测,预警和管理;③ 基于地理空间数据的致贫因素分析和贫困预测;④ 依据精准扶贫工作机制建立精准扶贫决策支持系统。随着2020年中国消除绝对贫困目标的实现,地球信息科学服务于中国减贫的工作将主要集中在建立返贫监测和帮扶机制,以及向缓解发展不平衡、不充分的相对贫困转变。同时,乡村振兴作为下一步中国农村长期的工作重点,使用地球信息科学技术促进乡村基础信息化建设,促进地球信息科学服务和农业农村发展深度融合也将成为趋势。     

Livelihood differentiation between two villages in Yesanpo Tourism District in China

The rapidly developing rural tourism industry in China has deeply influenced the livelihoods of rural households. This study compares the impact of rural tourism development in poor areas on the farmers’ livelihoods, based on the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework proposed by the United Kingdom’s Department for International Development. Gougezhuang, a tourist village, and Jiaojiekou, a non-tourist village, both located in Yesanpo Tourism District in the state-level povertystricken Laishui County, Hebei Province, were selected as case studies. The livelihood models of the two villages show great differentiation after 20 years of tourism development. Gougezhuang Village has been driven by the tourism industry and farmers are employed locally, enjoying a relatively higher-income life, with a developmental livelihood model. In contrast, farmers in Jiaojiekou Village earn their living mainly by leaving home to work in the city. They have a low income, with a survival livelihood model, supported by part-time business. Considering that the two villages are adjacent and have similar development backgrounds, the analysis results indicate that rural tourism has an apparent locationspecific effect on poverty alleviation and socioeconomic development, but the development of rural tourism is limited regarding large-scale poverty alleviation efforts in poor areas. To implement a propoor- tourism strategy and achieve sustainable development, it is necessary to implement comprehensive management measures to change the local conditions of rural settlements and make full use of the spillover effect of tourist consumption.     

中国县域农村贫困的空间模拟分析

以中国县级行政区划为研究单元,从自然和社会经济因素中选取贫困的影响因子,建立评价指标体系,利用GIS空间分析和 BP人工神经网络,模拟各县域的自然致贫指数和社会经济消贫指数,并在分析贫困内在形成原因的基础上,明晰了空间贫困的分布特征。结果显示：自然因素是现阶段中国县域主要的致贫原因,全国县域自然致贫指数的分布呈现出明显随纬度和经度地带性分布的规律,自北而南、自西而东逐次呈带状排列分布。社会经济因素对贫困起到一定的缓解作用,全国县域社会经济消贫指数的空间分布较为破碎,各省区内部县域社会经济消贫指数的变异系数均大大高于自然致贫指数的变异系数。全国贫困压力指数以“黑河-百色”一线为界,东中西差异显著,呈现“大分散、小聚集”的空间分布格局。本文识别的贫困县与国家确定的重点扶贫县在空间上具有较高的重合性。     

基于农村收入调查的中国农村贫困与收入不平等测度

通过估计中国农村居民收入分配的lorenz曲线测算了2006、2007年中国农村贫困和收入不平等的状况,并运用shapley分解法对贫困指数的变动进行分解,分析物价水平、经济增长、收入分配对贫困变化的影响。研究结果表明：（1）2007年农村贫困发生率较2006年有所下降,但下降速度比较缓慢;（2）农村居民的收入差距逐渐在拉大,收入不平等程度有所加重;（3）经济增长减缓了农村贫困,但由于物价水平的上涨和收入分配的恶化,贫困人口整体的贫困状况不轻反重。     

武陵山贫困片区扶贫成效评价与空间格局分析

本文以武陵山贫困片区为研究区,构建扶贫成效评价指标体系,采用层次分析法(AHP)法确定指标权重,并通过综合评价法计算2010-2012年各区县3期扶贫成效综合指数;在扶贫成效评价结果的基础上,采用空间自相关方法进行空间格局分析,探究武陵山区近年来扶贫成效空间格局特征及成因.结果表明:(1) 武陵山片区扶贫成效空间分布基本呈现省内聚集的态势,总体表现为"北部高,中部低"的分布特征;(2) 扶贫成效的空间格局具有明显的地区差异,渝东南地区3期扶贫成效好,且具有稳定的中等增速;铜仁地区虽然经济社会发展基础薄弱且3期扶贫成效不高,但增速最大;鄂西南地区3期扶贫成效及增速均较好;湘西地区3期扶贫成效较差且增速缓慢,因此日后应更关注该地区的扶贫工作开展.     

基于夜间灯光数据的西南地区县域旅游多维减贫效应时空变化研究

旅游发展是消除贫困的重要途径之一,从多维贫困视角对旅游减贫进行研究具有重要意义。以脱贫摘帽的西南地区国家级贫困县为研究案例,引入NPP/VIIRS夜间灯光数据测度多维贫困,并使用地理加权回归方法分析2012—2019年旅游发展的多维减贫效应。结果表明:(1) 2012—2019年,西南地区贫困县旅游发展水平不断提高,呈现“东高西低”的空间格局,旅游发展的区域差异不断缩小;(2) 2012年以来,西南地区贫困县多维贫困日趋改善;空间分布上,多维贫困程度自西向东逐渐降低,空间差异趋于缩小;(3)西南地区贫困县旅游发展能够缓解包括经济、教育、医疗和社会保障等方面的多维贫困,旅游多维减贫效应具有明显的空间异质性,川东、川北和滇东南地区贫困县的旅游减贫强度较高,滇西、渝东南和黔西地区旅游减贫强度较低;(4)旅游减贫强度主要受到旅游资源禀赋、经济发展水平和交通区位条件的影响,影响因素通过旅游资源开发、强化旅游产业支撑和提高旅游通达性等途径改善贫困地区的经济、教育、医疗和社会保障水平,实现旅游发展的多维减贫。旅游减贫的发展需要结合贫困地区实际情况考虑,提高旅游产品竞争力,完善配套设施建设,改善交通运...     

Community tourism as practiced in the mountainous Qiang region of Sichuan Province, China — a case study in Zhenghe Village

In China, community tourism is still a relatively new phenomenon, but the villagers of a small Qiang village in the Qiang Autonomous County of Beichuan in Southwestern Sichuan have initiated tourism in a way which conforms to the basic theory of community tourism development. This demonstrates that community tourism possesses a strength and vitality that can promote the development of tourism in the rural and mountainous areas. In the district of Zhenghe Village, the tourism industry, based on the community tourism model, is the mainstay of its economy. The practice of community tourism in the village not only promotes the economic development of the village community, but also leads to the protection of the mountainous natural environment and of the culture of the Qiang people. This paper investigates the development process of community tourism in Zhenghe and shows how the local residents participate in this process. It also looks at how profits have been distributed within the community. It demonstrates that community tourism is a correct choice by the Zhenghe people as they have dearly been moving from poverty to prosperity, while the local ecology and environment have been simultaneously protected. The authors hope that other minority villages with similar local conditions and natural resources will be able to use this example to develop their own community tourism.     

武陵山片区扶贫重点县农村基本公共服务均衡化差异分析

实施农村基本公共服务均衡化是当前农村扶贫开发的重要思路和方向之一.本文选取武陵山连片特困区67个扶贫重点县,构建贫困地区农村基本公共服务评价指标体系,采用基于博弈论的主客观权重法,评价研究片区农村基本公共服务综合发展水平,并利用基尼系数与最小方差法从片区-省-县多角度测度研究片区农村基本公共服务维度指标的发展差异,揭示贫困县农村基本公共服务的空间差异特点,为农村基本公共服务资源的均衡化配置决策提供参考.结果表明:(1)片区层面上的农村基本公共服务整体质量不高,呈现出明显的西北高,东南低的态势,片区所辖湖北省和重庆市的整体发展水平较高;(2)片区整体农村公共安全服务维度发展不均衡,县域间存在较大差异,其它维度发展相对较好;(3)发展差异类型上,大多数县市是五维度主导型,麻阳县受双维度支配,德江县和石阡县是七维度联合型.     

蒙阴县城乡建设用地增减挂钩工作现状与思考

蒙阴县充分利用城乡建设用地增减挂钩政策,加大农村居民点的整合搬迁复垦力度,积极推进新农村建设,改变了村容村貌,缓解了发展与用地的矛盾,加快了城乡统筹的步伐。     

Impact of land expropriation on farmers' livelihoods in the mountainous and hilly regions of Sichuan,China

Research on the sustainable livelihoods of rural households is of great significance to mitigating rural poverty and reasonable land expropriation policy helps to realize better livelihoods and sustainable development. Scholars have conducted considerable research on the relationships between land expropriation and farmers. livelihoods. However,few quantitative studies have used the characteristics of villages as control variables to systematically analyze the impact of land expropriation on farmers.livelihood capital and strategy in the mountainous and hilly regions of China. This study uses the Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Model(PLS-SEM)to systematically explain the impact of landexpropriation on farmers. livelihoods in mountainous and hilly regions of Sichuan in 2013, with the characteristics of the village including income,accessibility and terrain as control variables. The analysis uses both representative sample data of 240 rural households and spatial data calculated using a 30 m Digital Elevation Model(DEM) by Geographic Information System(GIS). Results are as follows:(1)The land expropriation characteristics are negatively affected by village accessibility. Villages with worse accessibility tend to have fewer land parcels and less land area expropriated. Additionally, land that is expropriated from inaccessible villages tends to receive less compensation.(2) Natural capital is negatively affected by number and area of land expropriation. Natural capital is not only directly affected by village accessibility, but also indirectlyaffected by village accessibility through the mediating effect of the number and area of land parcels expropriated.(3) Physical capital is positively affected by compensation for land expropriation, and negatively affected by village accessibility through compensation for land expropriation. The worse a village.s accessibility/location is, the less compensation it will receive for land expropriation,resulting in lower physical capital.(4) Financial capital is negatively affected by village accessibility indirectly through compensation for land expropriation. The better the village.s accessibility is,the greater is its compensation for land expropriation and, hence, the greater is its financial capital.(5)Social capital is directly and negatively affected by the number and area of land parcels expropriated, and is indirectly and positively affected by village accessibility through the number and area of land parcels expropriated. This study enhances our understanding of the characteristics of land expropriation and rural households. livelihood as well as the impact of land expropriation on rural households. livelihood. These findings provide reference for the formulation of proper policies related to land expropriation and the improvement of rural households. livelihoods in the mountainous and hilly regions of China.