大港滩海区埕北断阶带古近系层序界面的识别方法

通过对大港滩海区埕北断阶带层序地层的研究，将研究区古近系划分为3个三级层序，总结了5种识别层序界面的方法：①地震识别法；②钻井识别法；③测井识别法；④古生物组合识别法；⑤地球化学识别法。在研究区，方法①表现为区域性的上超和削截；方法②表现为岩性和泥岩颜色的突变；方法③表现为各种曲线和地层倾角的突变；方法④表现为古生物组合类型的变化；方法⑤表现为Fe^2＋／Mn^2＋值由下向上由逐渐增大，转为突然变小。其中方法①、③、④是层序界面的主要识别标志，方法②可作为参考标志，而方法⑤的应用效果较差。     

塔里木盆地西南上石炭统米级旋回组构特征及层序地层研究

在对塔里木盆地西南缘石炭系剖面研究的基础上,结合前人区域研究资料,用露头层序地层学方法对莎车县炮江沟上石炭统剖面进行了层序地层研究。结果表明:①塔里木盆地西南地区晚石炭世地层中发育大量碳酸盐岩米级旋回,以莎车县炮江沟剖面为代表,其主要类型有L-M型、深水非对称型、潮下型和环潮坪型;②塔里木盆地西南缘上石炭统中主要发育相对海平面快速上升所形成的淹没不整合型间断面,相对海平面快速下降所形成的暴露型间断面层序界面也有发现;③三级层序的不同体系域中发育不同类型的米级旋回序列,它们在垂向上有序叠加构成有规律的三级层序。     

塔里木盆地西南缘上石炭统米级旋回组构特征及层序地层研究

在对塔里木盆地西南缘石炭系剖面研究的基础上,结合前人区域研究资料,用露头层序地层学方法对莎车县炮江沟上石炭统剖面进行了层序地层研究。结果表明:①塔里木盆地西南地区晚石炭世地层中发育大量碳酸盐岩米级旋回,以莎车县炮江沟剖面为代表,其主要类型有L-M型、深水非对称型、潮下型和环潮坪型;②塔里木盆地西南缘上石炭统中主要发育相对海平面快速上升所形成的淹没不整合型间断面,相对海平面快速下降所形成的暴露型间断面层序界面也有发现;③三级层序的不同体系域中发育不同类型的米级旋回序列,它们在垂向上有序叠加构成有规律的三级层序。     

冀北-辽西地区侏罗纪土城子组的时代归属

土城子组的时代归属存有分歧.目前主要有5种观点：①中侏罗世晚期-晚侏罗世早期;②晚侏罗世早期;③晚侏罗世;④晚侏罗世-早白垩世;⑤早白垩世.根据侏罗纪年代地层学的研究现状,综合生物地层、磁性地层及同位素年代学的资料,认为土城子组的时代应为中侏罗世晚期-晚侏罗世早期（Callovian-Oxfordian）.土城子组的同位素年龄在147~136 Ma之间.     

断陷湖盆陡坡带陆相层序地层学模式研究--以泌阳断陷双河-赵凹地区下第三系核三上段为例

以泌阳断陷双河-赵凹地区下第三系核三上段陆相层序地层学研究为例,建立了断陷湖盆陡坡带陆相层序地层学模式:①陆相层序及其体系域界面模式;②体系域模式;③陆相层序地层模式.其中,陆相层序地层模式包括岩相格架模式及年代框架模式两个内容.研究结果显示,断陷湖盆陡坡带可识别出Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型两类陆相层序;一个完整的Ⅰ型陆相层序从下往上发育LST、TST、HST及RST四个体系域,共五个界面,除顶、底界面归属层序界面之外,其它三个界面皆为体系域界面;而Ⅱ型陆相层序缺失LST.无论何种体系域,其沉积体的几何形状均为楔状体,且各体系域的沉积相横向配置呈现规律性变化.陆相层序地层等时框架模式清晰地显示了研究区下第三系核三上段的沉积充填史及其沉积层序时空展布特征.     

碎屑岩层序地层与成岩作用时空关系研究新进展

成岩作用与层序地层学在沉积地质学内是两个分支学科.文章叙述了碎屑岩层序地层与成岩作用关系,指出层序、准层序界面、海(湖)侵和最大湖泛面附近,及在低位体系域、海(湖)侵体系域、高位体系域等地层层序条件下,成岩作用包括成岩自生矿物的形成组合(如方解石、白云石、菱铁矿、黄铁矿、高岭石、海绿石、磁绿泥石)、假基质形成、机械粘土充填、粒间孔隙演变等均有明显差异.原因主要是由于层序地层控制成岩作用的类型与时空分布:①碎屑组分.包括沉积盆地内外碎屑组分类型与比例;②孔隙水化学条件;③有机质存在与作用;④特定地球化学条件下沉积物存在的时间;⑤古气候条件.层序地层与成岩作用时空关系模式,将层序地层界面、体系域与成岩作用、储层性质的演化有机地结合在一起,扩大了预测砂岩储层能力,使储层预测更具准确性和实用性.     

宁东煤田中侏罗纪延安组层序地层测井响应特征

以钻井、测井资料为基础,以高分辨率层序地层学为指导,通过层序界面和层序地层的测井响应特征研究,对宁东煤田中侏罗纪延安组含煤岩系进行了精细划分与对比。结果表明,宁东煤田中侏罗纪延安组层序地层界面位于测井曲线基值发生明显改变的转折点上,大型河道冲刷面、湖泛面以及进积（加积）与退积的相互转换面也是层序界面的发育位置;层序地层的测井响应特征中,进积类型测井曲线呈现漏斗型,退积类型测井曲线呈现钟形,加积类型测井曲线呈现箱型：宁夏宁东煤田中侏罗纪延安组可以识别出3个三级层序,共识别出9个层序组,并可进一步详细划分为9个四级层序。     

构造反转期层序划分和可容纳空间的变化机制——以松辽盆地北部晚白垩世构造反转期为例

按照盆地构造演化级别,依据不整合面和地层叠加方式的旋回变化,同时结合地震、测井等基础资料,建立了松辽盆地北部上白垩统四方台组和明水组的层序地层格架,将四方台组和明水组划分为1个二级层序、3个三级层序、6个四级层序.根据松辽盆地的构造演化特征,讨论了构造反转背景下可容纳空间的变化机制和特征,认为在构造反转背景下影响可容纳空间的主要因素有以下3种:①受挤压所导致的扭曲变形引起盆地基底局部的下沉和缓慢的沉降;②沉积物的重力差异压实导致盆地均衡失调引起基底的差异沉降;③挤压作用引起沉积物供应效率的变化.     

层序地层学发展的若干重要方向

随着地球科学的"环境化"和"社会化",层序地层学研究重点及前沿正发生转移,主要表现在其不断向下列诸方向发展:①层序生物地层学;②成岩层序地层学;③高分辨率层序地层学;④高频层序地层学;⑤应用层序地层学;⑥模拟层序地层学和⑦勘查层序地层学。     

1:25万大同幅区域地质调查项目成果

通过对1:25万大同市幅地质概况的介绍,重点论述了所取得的主要成果:①对区内构造单元进行了划分,查明了各个构造单元的物质组成及变质、变形特点,建立了早前寒武纪地质构造事件演化序列及其地质构造演化模式,恢复了本区的地质构造发展史;②对前人所称集宁群进行了重新认识和解体,认为原集宁群由变质深成岩与变质表壳岩系组成,同时针对区内的沉积盖层,系统地建立了岩石地层格架,为生物地层、年代地层划分提供了新资料;③将区内变质深成岩划分为4个岩浆岩带,对各个岩浆岩带的变质深成岩进行了详细解体与划分;④针对区内的中生代侵入岩,查明了其空间分布、岩石特征、岩石化学及地球化学特征,探讨了岩石成因,研究了其构造背景;⑤针对区内早前寒武纪变质岩系变质矿物,查明了不同变质体的变质矿物组合特点和矿物世代关系;⑥针对区内的构造形迹,建立了本区构造格架,将早前寒武纪的构造变形划分为五台期早晚2次变形,吕梁期早晚2次变形,并针对区内中生代构造,查明了各个盆地的盆缘构造特征和不同方向、不同期次、不同性质断裂的分期配套关系,尤其是查明了大同盆地西缘大型构造带的空间展布、性质、断裂组合及运动学特征,对探讨山西中—新生代盆地的演化发展具有重要意义.     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861