东阿尔卑斯原-古特提斯构造演化

新生代阿尔卑斯是非洲和欧洲之间的陆陆碰撞造山带。强烈的造山作用使大量前中生代基底出露地表,尽管这些基底被强烈逆冲推覆和走滑叠置,但是仍保留较丰富的前中生代基底演化信息。结合近几年对东阿尔卑斯原-古特提斯的研究,本文梳理和重建了阿尔卑斯前中生代基底的构造格局,认为前阿尔卑斯基底受原特提斯、南华力西洋、古特提斯洋构造体系影响而经历了多期造山过程。新元古代-早古生代的原阿尔卑斯作为环冈瓦纳地块群的组成部分,受原特提斯洋俯冲的制约,是新元古-早古生代环冈瓦纳活动陆缘的组成部分,其中,海尔微-彭尼内基底组成外缘增生系统,包括卡多米期地壳碎片在内的陆缘弧/岛弧以及大量增生楔组成内缘增生系统。早奥陶世瑞亚克洋打开,随后原阿尔卑斯从冈瓦纳陆缘裂离,在泥盆纪-石炭纪受南华力西洋控制,海尔微-彭尼内-中、下奥地利阿尔卑斯从冈瓦纳分离。在早石炭世(维宪期)南阿尔卑斯(或与之相当的冈瓦纳源地块)与北部阿莫里卡地块群拼贴增生于古欧洲大陆南缘,共同组成华力西造山带(广义),华力西期缝合带保留在绍山-科尔山南侧。晚石炭世-早二叠世,阿尔卑斯受古特提斯洋的俯冲影响,在华力西造山带南侧形成安第斯山型活动大陆边缘,古特提斯洋在阿尔卑斯的演化至少持续到早三叠世,消亡遗迹保留在中奥地利阿尔卑斯基底的Plankogel杂岩中。     

三江昌宁-孟连带原-古特提斯构造演化

昌宁-孟连特提斯洋的构造演化及其原特提斯与古特提斯的转换方式一直是青藏高原及邻区基础地质研究中最热门的科学问题之一.根据新的地质调查资料、研究成果并结合分析数据,系统总结了三江造山系不同构造单元地质特征,讨论了昌宁-孟连特提斯洋早古生代-晚古生代的构造演化历史.通过对不同构造单元时空结构的剖析和对相关岩浆、沉积及变质作用记录的分析,认为昌宁-孟连结合带内共存原特提斯与古特提斯洋壳残余,临沧-勐海一带发育一条早古生代岩浆弧带,前人所划基底岩系"澜沧岩群"应为昌宁-孟连特提斯洋东向俯冲消减形成的早古生代构造增生杂岩,滇西地区榴辉岩带很可能代表了俯冲增生杂岩带发生了深俯冲,由于弧-陆碰撞而迅速折返就位,这一系列新资料及新认识表明昌宁-孟连结合带所代表的特提斯洋在早古生代至晚古生代很可能是一个连续演化的大洋.在此基础上,结合区域地质资料,构建了三江造山系特提斯洋演化的时空格架及演化历史,认为其经历了早古生代原特提斯大洋扩张、早古生代中晚期-晚古生代特提斯俯冲消减与岛弧带形成、晚二叠世末-早三叠世主碰撞汇聚、晚三叠世晚碰撞造山与盆山转换等阶段.      

班公湖—双湖—怒江—昌宁—孟连对接带时空结构——特提斯大洋地质及演化问题

班公湖—双湖—怒江（中北段）—昌宁—孟连对接带广泛出露特提斯大洋岩石圈俯冲消减过程中产生的不同时代、不同构造环境、不同变质程度、不同变形样式的洋板块构造地层系统、增生混杂的构造—岩石组合体,可识别出增生的远洋沉积岩、海沟浊积岩、古生代—中生代蛇绿岩、蛇绿混杂岩、洋岛-海山消减增生楔、洋底沉积增生杂岩,基底残块以及以蓝片岩、榴辉岩为代表的高压—超高压变质岩带,记录了青藏高原原古特提斯大洋形成演化的地质信息。班公湖—双湖—怒江—昌宁—孟连对接带是青藏高原中部一条重要的原古特提斯大洋自北向南后退式俯冲消亡的巨型增生杂岩带,构筑了冈瓦纳大陆与劳亚-泛华夏大陆分界带。     

滇西腾冲地块高黎贡群变质沉积岩时代与原特提斯洋俯冲/增生：来自碎屑锆石U- Pb定年和岩石地球化学证据

滇西腾冲地块高黎贡群变质沉积岩时代和构造背景的厘定对正确认识原特提斯构造域演化过程及腾冲地块与冈瓦纳大陆之间的关系十分关键。岩石学、岩石地球化学结果表明,高黎贡群变质岩由变质沉积岩和变质岩浆岩组成,前者以片岩和副片麻岩为主,夹少量大理岩和石英岩,其原岩由一套杂砂岩、泥岩夹少量灰岩、硅质岩岩石组合,为深海-半深海相沉积物,形成于活动大陆边缘环境。碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果表明高黎贡群变质沉积岩中的锆石主要来源于与罗迪尼亚、冈瓦纳超大陆拼合及原特提斯洋俯冲有关的岩浆岩(900~1000Ma和500~600Ma),少量来源于中元古代地层(1500~1600Ma和2300~2400Ma)。4件样品中最年轻碎屑锆石群的加权平均年龄(507~510Ma)及没有出现有意义的小于470Ma碎屑锆石,表明高黎贡群变质沉积岩原岩形成于510~470Ma,是晚寒武世-早奥陶世早期原特提斯洋壳向冈瓦纳大陆下俯冲过程中,在俯冲带上盘沉积的含有大量该期火成岩碎屑的斜坡相沉积物。     

滇西泥盆纪——三叠纪盆—山转换过程与特提斯构造演化

滇西地区以昌宁－连缝合带为古特提斯主洋闭合的位置。晚古生代－中生代时期古特提斯经历了一次盆转山和山控盆演变序列的全过程，可大致划分为4个发展阶段：（1）洋盆扩张阶段（D－C2）。古特提斯洋西侧的保山地块属冈瓦纳古陆的东缘，为非火山型被动大陆边缘；东侧的思茅地块属扬子地块的西缘部分，为火山型被动大陆边缘。（2）洋－陆汇阶段（C3－P2）。昌宁－孟连洋向东俯冲消减，思茅地区转化为弧后扩张盆地；墨江一带形成弧后扩张洋盆，思茅地块从扬子西缘分离。（3）弧－陆碰撞阶段（T1－T3），古特提斯主洋及分支洋盆相继关闭，全区发生大规模的造山升隆，前期的盆转山过程转入山控盆阶段，在哀牢山两侧分别形成了受造山作用控制的兰坪－思茅弧后前陆盆地和楚雄周缘前陆盆地。（4）陆－陆碰撞阶段（J1－K），滇西前陆盆地向陆内拗陷盆地转变，造山带的控盆作用结束。     

滇西三江构造带西部腾冲地块内印支期岩浆热事件的发现及其地质意义

西南"三江"(怒江,澜沧江,金沙江)构造带中的澜沧江-昌宁-孟连带及其以东的区域被认为是典型的古特提斯构造域,而构造带西部的腾冲地块则更多的被认为处于雅鲁藏布-密支那/怒江新特提斯的影响之下,在晚古生代-早中生代的时段内一直被认为属于稳定的台地型陆表海环境。然而,本文的研究确证腾冲地块内存在印支期(219~206Ma)的中酸性岩浆岩,表明腾冲地区晚古生代-早中生代时期并不是简单的被动大陆边缘,其内部存在丰富的海西-印支期的岩浆活动的记录。这些岩浆事件与属于同一大地构造单元的拉萨地体腹地和藏东波密地区的同时代岩浆热事件可以对比,说明拉萨地体内新发现的以松多榴辉岩带为代表的印支期造山带的影响范围已向南延伸并直达滇西的腾冲地区。     

滇西北羊拉铜矿区两套玄武岩的成因及其对古特提斯洋演化的约束

西南三江地区地处冈瓦纳大陆与欧亚大陆结合带,是古特提斯构造域的东延部分。伴随古特提斯洋的闭合,区域内自西向东形成了澜沧江缝合带、昌宁-孟连缝合带、金沙江缝合带及甘孜-理塘缝合带,其中昌宁-孟连缝合带被认为是古特提斯洋主洋盆闭合后的残余。作为古特提斯洋的重要分支,金沙江洋的形成与演化长期受     

新疆及周边古地磁研究与构造演化

新疆古地磁研究始于1979年,20年来通过对塔里木、准噶尔、昆仑山等地区的古地磁研究,获得了古生代—新生代塔里木板块、准噶尔板块和青藏板块古地磁极移曲线和古纬度资料。震旦纪以前塔里木板块尚未形成,晚震旦世在赤道附近各地块才联合成塔里木板块的主体部分。后经历了两次快速北移,一次快速南移。准噶尔板块早古生代为一个独立的微板块,在晚古生代与哈萨克斯坦板块联合成一体,组成了哈萨克斯坦-准噶尔板块;塔里木板块震旦纪时还属冈瓦纳大陆的一个组成部分,早古生代逐渐脱离了冈瓦纳大陆,快速向北漂移,晚古生代早期与准噶尔板块首次在东部碰撞,成为劳亚大陆南缘的一个增生体。将介于劳亚大陆和冈瓦纳大陆之间的古陆体,称之谓华夏古陆群。晚古生代末—中生代早期,华夏古陆群先后增生到劳亚大陆南缘;早古生代早期古特提斯洋尚未形成,诸地块处于冈瓦纳大陆范围内,位于南半球的赤道附近。在中-晚志留世,这些地(板)块才快速向北漂移,由于洋扩张,形成了古特提斯洋,构成了三大陆块群夹两个大洋的古地理格局;二叠纪是特提斯构造演化关键时期,晚侏罗-早白垩世昆仑地块与柴达木地块和塔里木地块发生碰撞,联合成一体。早侏罗世早期柴达木地块等与塔里木地块发生碰撞联合,造成了古特提斯洋消亡。早侏罗世中期,开     

藏东北构造古地理特征及冈瓦纳北界的时空转换

研究区位于南北向三江构造带与东西向羌塘构造带的衔接处,是特提斯构造域的重要组成部分。研究区包含金沙江、澜沧江、双湖-昌宁、班公湖-怒江4条古特提斯洋壳带及昌都-芒康、羌北、索县-左贡、多玛-安多4个微陆块的相关部位。4条缝合带时分时合,其间的微陆块则"藕断丝连"。前奥陶纪金沙江带属于泛冈瓦纳"泛非软基底"的北界,早古生代它还是"泛非"混合生物群与扬子区系的界线。泥盆纪—石炭纪,古特提斯形成南北2支,即金沙江带和双湖-昌宁带,与其间亲扬子的中间岛块群(昌都-芒康、羌北、索县-左贡)形成"多岛海"格局,此间,双湖-昌宁转换为冈瓦纳的北界,多玛-安多微陆块为亲冈瓦纳相。早、中二叠世,中间岛块(群)裂解为亲扬子的昌都-芒康和亲冈瓦纳的羌北、索县-左贡三岛块,形成多岛洋,冈瓦纳北界转换到澜沧江带。晚二叠世,古特提斯消亡,形成Pangaea联合古陆,研究区为陆间多岛海。晚三叠世印支运动阶段,金沙江、澜沧江和双湖-昌宁带相继转换为陆内造山带;与此同时,班公湖-怒江带与雅鲁藏布江带形成中特提斯北、南2支,其间为中间陆块群(基墨里),班公湖-怒江带是晚侏罗世—早白垩世消亡的,"基墨里"岛块群是晚白垩世增生在亚洲大陆之上的。喜马拉雅地块是喜马拉雅运动阶段才最后俯冲到亚洲大陆之下,转换为亚洲大陆。     

Lower Paleozoic detrital zircon U-Pb geochronological characteristics of the Baoshan Block in western Yunnan and its constraints on the Proto-Tethys tectonic evolutionSCIEI北大核心CSCD

滇西保山地块是东特提斯构造域的主要微陆块之一,但对其物源和古地理位置仍存在较大争议。本文通过对保山地块西缘早古生代地层进行碎屑锆石U-Pb定年来约束其物源及古地理位置,并进一步探讨原特提斯洋早古生代构造演化模式。保山地块西缘早古生代地层具有相似的年龄分布模式,主年龄峰期为-0.95Ga、次级年龄峰期为-1.2Ga和-2.5Ga。寒武系公养河群最小锆石年龄为526Ma,结合其上部年龄为499.2Ma的火山岩夹层,约束其沉积时代为早寒武世早期。对比保山地块不同区域早古生代地层的碎屑锆石年龄数据,它们都具有相似的锆石年龄分布模式和年龄峰值。-0.95Ga主年龄峰期和-2.5Ga的次级年龄峰期指示保山地块早古生代的沉积物主要来自于印度大陆,而-1.2Ga的次级年龄峰期表明有部分沉积物来自于西澳大利亚,其早古生代古地理位置位于印度和西澳大利亚之间。结合沉积学证据及滇西地区广泛发育的早古生代岩浆作用,本文认为早古生代冈瓦纳大陆北缘为活动大陆边缘。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861