贵州瓮安陡山沱组剖面碳同位素生物地球化学研究

在对扬子地台贵州瓮安陡山沱组剖面干酪根碳同住素组成进行分析后发现其变化显示了一定的规律性。碳同住素规律变化反映了最初的沉积信息,特别是有机质埋藏量的变化。获得的陡山沱期沉积岩中碳同位素组成研究结果初步反映了震旦一寒武交变期沉积环境的面貌;碳同位素组成变化规律可以用于反映扬子地台沉积层序和世界同期地层全球碳循环的对比和参考。为扬子区陡山沱期环境变化和生物演化提供了证据。δ^13Cker值在-32．3‰和-24．5‰(PDB)间漂移与δ^13Ccarb值在-4．9‰和3．6‰(PDB)间的变化,反映了当时海水的碳同位素组成。无机和有机碳同位素组成之差的△δorg-carb值沿剖面不断变化,是由于沉积有机质中有促进发酵功能的细菌数量比例变化所致。     

震旦纪地层黄铁矿硫同位素组成时－空变化特征及扬子地块与晚元古超大陆关系的论证

扬子地区早震旦世时期沉积岩黄铁矿具有重的硫同位素组成,其δ¹⁴S值从早震旦世椿木组地层的24‰左右逐渐变得更正。在早震旦世扬子地区广泛沉积碳酸锰矿和黑色页岩的民乐组时期达到极正值+60‰,然后又降低至+16‰-+20‰。上述硫同位素组成的时-空变化特征支持了扬子地块属晚元古Rodinia超大陆的一个组成部分的假设。从晚震旦世早期陡山沱组底部开始,沉积岩中黄铁矿硫同位素的δ¹⁴SS出现负值,并继续降低至-27‰以下。早震旦世晚期-晚震旦世早期沉积岩中硫同位素组成特征反映了沉积盆地古海洋环境的剧烈变化,它与大约7亿年时Rodinia超大陆的解体以及扬子地块与其它大陆分离的地质推测相吻合。     

震旦纪地层黄铁矿硫同位素组成时－空变化特征及扬子地块与晚元古超大陆关系的论证

 扬子地区早震旦世时期沉积岩黄铁矿具有重的硫同位素组成,其δ¹⁴S值从早震旦世椿木组地层的24‰左右逐渐变得更正。在早震旦世扬子地区广泛沉积碳酸锰矿和黑色页岩的民乐组时期达到极正值+60‰,然后又降低至+16‰-+20‰。上述硫同位素组成的时-空变化特征支持了扬子地块属晚元古Rodinia超大陆的一个组成部分的假设。从晚震旦世早期陡山沱组底部开始,沉积岩中黄铁矿硫同位素的δ¹⁴SS出现负值,并继续降低至-27‰以下。早震旦世晚期-晚震旦世早期沉积岩中硫同位素组成特征反映了沉积盆地古海洋环境的剧烈变化,它与大约7亿年时Rodinia超大陆的解体以及扬子地块与其它大陆分离的地质推测相吻合。     

塔里木盆地深层烃源岩可溶有机组分的碳同位素组成特征

塔里木盆地深层烃源岩主要是指埋深大于4000 m的寒武—奥陶系海相碳酸盐岩和三叠—侏罗系陆相泥岩、碳质泥岩和煤。研究表明,塔里木盆地深层烃源岩可溶有机组分的碳同位素组成具有母质继承效应,寒武—奥陶系海相腐泥型烃源岩可溶有机组分的碳同位素组成一般小于-28‰,而三叠—侏罗系陆相腐殖型烃源岩可溶有机组分的碳同位素组成一般大于-28‰。对于高演化的寒武—奥陶系海相深层烃源岩而言,在热力作用下,其可溶有机组分的碳同位素组成普遍发生强烈逆转,并出现饱和烃>芳烃>非烃>沥青质的完全反序分布现象,显示出深层环境下高演化烃源岩可溶有机组分的碳同位素组成特征。      

河南罗山金城金矿床成矿物质来源探讨

河南省金城金矿床位于桐柏—商城韧性剪切带南部、大别山西北侧。矿床赋存于中元古界苏家河群浒湾岩组变质岩中。在详细分析金城金矿床地质特征的基础上,研究共生花岗斑岩脉的微量元素、稀土元素地球化学特征,共生石英的氧同位素、共生石英流体包裹体中CO2的碳同位素及共生黄铁矿的硫、铅同位素组成特征,并与老湾金矿和燕山晚期灵山花岗岩体对比。研究发现,本区花岗斑岩脉的稀土配分曲线和微量元素蛛网图与灵山花岗岩体几乎完全重叠,稀土元素和微量元素特征参数较为一致,结合区域资料推断本区与矿体共生的花岗斑岩脉来源于燕山晚期岩浆活动。黄铁矿δ34S值变化范围为-6.9‰～5.5‰,均值为2.3‰,与区域上地层和岩浆岩硫同位素对比,认为金城矿床载金黄铁矿的硫主要来源于浒湾岩组围岩。载金黄铁矿铅同位素和浒湾岩组地层铅同位素范围相当,均有下地壳铅源的特征,结合硫同位素分析,认为金城金矿床载金黄铁矿的铅主要来源于浒湾岩组围岩。δ18OSMOW变化范围为5.5‰～11.4‰,极差为5.9‰,均值为8.4‰,具有岩浆热液石英的特征;δ18CPDB变化范围为-6.3‰～-2.8‰,极差为3.5‰,均值为-4.4‰,具有岩浆源或深部源碳(-7‰)和沉积碳酸盐岩来源碳(0)混合的特征;综合研究表明,本矿床成矿物质主要来源于浒湾岩组含金岩石建造,部分来源于燕山晚期岩浆热液活动。     

贵州台江下、中寒武统界线层型候选剖面碳同位素研究

在扬子地台贵州台江八郎下、中寒武统界线剖面界线附近,碳酸盐岩和干酪根碳同位素组成有规律变化。1δ3Cker(PDB)值在-33.4‰和-26.5‰间漂移与1δ3Ccarb(PDB)值在-2.7‰和 3.1‰间变化,反映了当时海水的碳同位素组成。无机和有机碳同位素组成之差的Δδ值,沿剖面不断变小,指示剖面上部样品可能受到热扰动和成岩后期作用影响。碳同位素规律的变化,反映了最初的沉积信息,特别是有机质埋藏量的变化,这些变化与早-中寒武世环境变化和生物组合差异有关。     

湖南柏坊铜矿床稳定同位素地球化学初步研究

对湖南柏坊铜矿床矿石和脉石矿物进行矿物包裹体、碳、氧、氢和硫同位素测定,获得成矿均一温度约为182℃～192℃,盐度为1．2～4．7wt％。方解石的δ^13C为-2．0‰～3．1‰,δ^18Osmow为12．6‰～20．9‰,δD为-67．3‰～-131．6‰,氢、氧和碳同位素数值随矿体浅部到深部由小到大的变化,显示出热液可能是多来源的。硫化物中辉铜矿的δ^34S为-31．8‰～2．9‰,黄铁矿的δ^34S为-2．1‰～＋2．9‰。黄铁矿的硫同位素组成大于辉铜矿的硫同位素组成,表明硫同位素达到平衡,并估算出δ^34S∑s为0‰,δ^34S∑s值小,指示出硫可能是岩浆来源。     

湘黔地区早寒武世黑色页岩有机碳同位素组成变化及其意义

对扬子地台湘黔地区早寒武世黑色页岩有机碳同位素的组成变化进行野外地质观察与室内分析研究表明:研究区灯影组白云岩主要为碳酸盐台地沉积环境,牛蹄塘组黑色页岩主要为陆棚沉积环境,湖南地区有可能水体更深,过渡到斜坡相沉积区。通过分析,湘黔地区黑色页岩有机碳含量(TOC)为0.05%~12.31%,平均为4.97%。有机碳同位素(1δ3Corg)组成的变化幅度很大,从-29.49‰~-34.41‰(PDB),平均为-31.78‰,最大偏移量为4.3‰。牛蹄塘组黑色页岩的1δ3Corg和TOC含量变化也很大,具有明显的3个升降旋回,代表海平面具有海进海退变化特征。而下伏地层灯影组白云岩1δ3Corg值相对比较高,代表海平面下降。研究区两个典型剖面的有机碳同位素变化曲线反映了该期海平面变化,海洋原始生产率以及上涌洋流的变化情况,揭示湘黔地区早寒武世的古海洋信息。     

南海北部有孔虫碳氧同位素特征与晚第四纪水合物分解的响应关系

为探寻晚第四纪以来水合物分解事件在南海北部甲烷渗漏环境下有孔虫中的记录,对南海北部陆坡2个区块的沉积柱状样有孔虫碳氧同位素组成和测年分析发现,底栖有孔虫Uvigerina spp.碳同位素值为-2.12‰～-0.21‰,浮游有孔虫Globigerinoides ruber.氧同位素值为-3.11‰～-0.60‰,ZD3、ZS5 2个柱状样孔底年龄分别为26 616、64 090 a,对应了氧同位素Ⅲ、Ⅳ期末期,有孔虫碳同位素负偏的层位与氧同位素Ⅱ、Ⅳ期(冷期)层位相对应,负偏程度达到了-2‰,与布莱克海台和墨西哥湾等地区晚第四纪沉积层中有孔虫碳氧同位素组成相似。分析认为:研究区是典型的甲烷渗漏环境,该区在氧同位素Ⅱ、Ⅳ期,由于全球海平面下降,导致海底压力减小,天然气水合物分解释放,具轻碳同位素的大量甲烷释放进入海底溶解无机碳(DIC)池并记录在有孔虫壳体内,造成有孔虫碳同位素负偏;同时在有孔虫负偏层位黄铁矿和自生碳酸盐较发育,进一步证实了有孔虫碳同位素受甲烷影响较大,而海洋生产力的降低和早期成岩作用对有孔虫碳同位素负偏的影响较小。     

藏北双湖地区早侏罗世油页岩剖面有机地球化学与早Toarcian期大洋缺氧事件

藏北羌塘盆地双湖地区发育一套以灰黑色油页岩、泥岩、泥灰岩互层为特征的岩相组合,含有丰富的菊石化石。该层位发现早侏罗世早Toarcian期Har poceras sp．菊石,它与欧洲广泛出现的早Toarcian期大洋缺氧事件的地层相当。通过分析,有机碳含量最高可达26．1％,有机碳同位素组成从-26．22％。变化到-23．53％0(PDB)。在地层剖面上,油页岩的8℃干酪根变化曲线显示明显的正偏移,偏移量接近2．17‰,与欧洲早Toarcian期缺氧事件地层同位素异常有很好的可对比性。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861