江西修水流域上奥陶统五峰组的笔石分带

重新研究了江西武宁官塘源五峰期地层剖面,将原五峰组和原新开岭组合二为一称为五峰组,并对五峰组的笔石带进行了修订：取消Paraorthograptus uniformis带,改称Dicellograptus szechuanensis带为Dicellograptus complexus带。修订后的笔石序列自下而上是：Dicellograptus complexus带、Tangyagraptus typicus带和Diceratograptus nurus带     

奥陶纪末期层序地层学研究

为了适应高精度地层对比的需要，特别是对相当于凝缩沉积的黑色笔石页岩相之间对比的需要，在生物地层学研究的基础之上，根据岩石和地球化学的综合研究，在奥陶系／志留系界线附近共识别出3类层序界面：Ⅰ型界面、Ⅱ型界面和一个由δ(^13C)的变化曲线识别出来的位于Tangyagraptus typicus亚带之底的无沉积间断的层序界面。并据此将奥陶系五峰组划分为2个三级层序，而依据δ(Ce)的变化规律，又可以将上述2个三级层序进一步划分为5个四级层序（Psq1-Psq5)，从而提高了地层划分对比的精度。     

下奥陶统反称笔石属(Anisograptus)的形态分异与分类

根据安徽省宁国县胡乐地区的反称笔石属（Anisograptus）标本,参照国内外Anisograptus的25种及亚种的资料,发现反称笔石类的形态变化具有原始枝末端分支推迟和笔石枝密度缩减的特点,其中,部分种及亚种的胞管密度较大,与其他种类区别明显。因此,笔者等选择原始枝长度、分支密度、胞管密度为分类依据,将Anisograptus划分为如下5个种类：A．matanensis Ruedemann,A．ruedemanni Bulman,A．tetragraptoides Bulman,A．compactus Cooper和A．delicatulus Cooper。     

中国笔石科的演化和分类(附新属新种描述)

在中国先后发现了异常丰富的早奥陶世无轴正笔石标本,其中有相当完整的一套笔石,其胞管都具有不同程度的变形,但分枝方式及枝数的递减则与具有简单直管状胞管的无轴正笔石相同。这些笔石胞管的变形,主要表现为产生背褶、腹褶及口脊;这些变形结构的顶端有时附有刺针。笔者认为,这些笔石都以纳人中国笔石科(穆恩之,1957)为宜。根据胞管变形和笔石枝递减的情况,笔者将其分为三个演化系列,包括五个亚科、十个属和四十五个种;其中有四个新亚科、四个新属、十个新种。     

甘肃永登石灰沟中保群及马营沟群的笔石层位

甘肃省永登石灰沟中奥陶统中堡群（OZ）中的笔石群属兰代洛阶至卡拉多克阶早期，共3个笔石层位，其中包括2个笔石带：（1）Glyptograptus teretiusculus带，（2）Nemagraptus gracilis带；1个笔石层；（3）Climacograptus styloides Lapworth-C.antiquus lineatus Elles et Wood层。下志留统马营沟群（S1my）笔石群属兰多维利阶中期，1个笔石层是Rastrites appraximatus Geinitzi(Tornquist)层。     

论上扬子区上奥陶统大渡河组

在滇东北永善莲峰新发现的万和剖面,奥陶系-志留系交界地层发育良好、地层连续,化石丰富,含有笔石、腕足类、三叶虫、牙形类、几丁类和疑源类化石,包括了大渡河组、产Hirnantia动物群的观音桥层和龙马溪组。此处大渡河组可分为上、下两段,下段为灰岩与钙质泥页岩互层,上段为钙质泥岩夹灰岩。笔石自下而上可识别为Dicellograptus complexus带、Paraorthograptus pacificus带(下亚带、Tangyagraptus typicus亚带和Diceratograptus mirus亚带)以及Metabolograptus extraordinarius带,为凯迪晚期至赫南特早期。几丁类尚未在上段发现,下段属于Eisenackitina ripae带。上段底部(即Tangyagraptus typicus亚带底)产腕足类Kassinellasp.,Leptellinasp.,Paromalomenasp.等,属于深水BA5(底栖组合),在华南同期地层中未见及。观音桥层产典型的Hirnantia动物群,属于BA3,为标准的浅凉水组合。依据万和及相邻地区的资料,厘定了大渡河组。大渡河组分布于扬子台地西部(滇东北—川西南),与扬子台地内部广布的五峰组和扬子台地西南缘的铁足菲克组(大部分)、西缘的大箐组(上部)属同期异相。从产BA5腕足类的大渡河组上段底部,到产BA3赫南特贝动物群的观音桥层,再到龙马溪组下部黑色页岩,是奥陶纪末大灭绝第一幕和第二幕全球气候快速变冷和转暖、海平面迅速地先降后升在扬子海盆的充分反映。     

安徽省宁国县胡乐地区含笔石地层研究新进展

在原划归寒武系的西阳山组顶部发现了早奥陶世新厂期的笔石,可分出Stauro-graptus带和Anisograptus-Clonograptvs带,分别可与广东台山地区的新1和新2带对比。在皖南胡乐组中首次发现了Nemagraptus gracilis种,修正补充了前人对皖南胡乐组笔石带的划分。本文自下而上建立了三个笔石带:1.Glossograptus hincksii带,2.Nemagraptus gracilis带和3.Dicranograptus sinensis-Climacograptus bicornis带。     

关于强壮弓笔石(Cyrtograptus robustus)的补充研究

在陕西紫阳新发现一块更为完整的强壮弓笔石(Cyrtograptus robustus)化石,对其始部、主枝、幼枝、胞管等特征进行了描述和数据统计,并与国内外相似的弓笔石进行对比。该种弓笔石主枝较宽,一级幼枝发育,相邻幼枝间隔胞管数为1~7个不等,随着主枝的延伸相邻幼枝间隔胞管数增大。笔石体没有二级幼枝,胞管形态为较矮的三角形。该种化石的补充研究为C. lapworthi带的弓笔石种类和弓笔石早期发育情况的研究提供了重要的基础资料。     

湖南祁东中奥陶世笔石地层

一、引言我国东南型奥陶纪地层中含有丰富的笔石动物群,其种类繁多,发育齐全。世界各地的重要属种,在我国东南型内都有出现。但是,在中奥陶世胡乐期之后(Nemagraptus gracilis带之上)的地层,无论是东南型的砚瓦山组、黄泥岗组,还是扬子区的宝塔组、临湘组(或涧草沟组)都普遍为介壳相沉积,笔石很少发现。湖南中部的磨刀溪组、南石冲组虽有高于Nemagraptus     

滇西南早泥盆世地层研究新进展

滇西南西盟里拉、孟连回库腊垒组发现早泥盆世Ｍｏｎｏｇｒａｐｔｕｓｈｅｒｃｙｎｉｃｕｓ、Ｍ．ｆａｌｃａｒｉｕｓ等７个笔石种,从下到上识别出Ｍ．ｕｎｉｆｏｒｍｉｓ带、Ｍ．ｈｅｒｃｙｎｉｃｕｓ带和Ｍ．ｆａｌｃａｒｉｕｓ带３个笔石带,分别属于洛赫科夫期早期、晚期和布拉格期早期,并与国内外其他地区的笔石带进行了对比。对该时期笔石的生物地理分析表明,洛赫科夫期的笔石具有全球性,而布拉格期的笔石则显示出一定程度的地区性。     

扬子区奥陶纪末赫南特亚阶的生物地层学研究

重新研究了宜昌王家湾 ,宜昌分乡 ,桐梓红花园和松桃陆地坪 4条上奥陶统上部至志留系底部的连续采集剖面。1999年 6月在捷克召开的第 8届国际奥陶系大会上提名宜昌王家湾和桐梓红花园剖面分别为赫南特亚阶的全球层型候选剖面 (GSSP)和辅助剖面。对赫南特亚阶及其上、下地层的生物带重新厘定 ,自下而上为 Foliomena-N ankinolithus/D.complanatus,D.complexus带 ,P.pacificus带 (包括下部亚带 ,T.typicus亚带和 Diceratograp-tus mirus亚带 ) ,N.extraordinarius- N.ojsuensis带 ,N.persculptus带 ,A.ascensus带和 P.acuminatus带。     

苏皖凹凸棒石矿物红外光谱特征研究

苏皖凹凸捧石粘土矿物包括沉积、风化及火山碎屑蚀变三种成因类型。成矿物质来源于内陆浅水湖盆水下玄武岩风化蚀变及地表玄武岩的风化。不同成因类型的凹凸棒石在矿物晶体结晶程度上有较大差异。通常,由风化作用生成并与碳酸盐共生的沉积型凹凸棒石结晶程度低,较纯的并与硅质岩共生的沉积型凹凸棒石结晶程度高。它们在红外吸收光谱特征上表现为:前者红外振动吸收带分裂程度低,吸收峰弱且峰形钝。后者红外振动吸收带分裂程度高,吸收峰尖锐。因此研究凹凸捧石的红外吸收光谱特征可基本上区分出它们的成因类型。本文还对凹凸棒石红外吸收光谱振动波数带进行了划分,并对相应的振动类型作了探讨。     

Expansion of the South China Sea basin: Constraints from magnetic anomaly stripes,sea floor topography,satellite gravity and submarine geothermics

The widely distributed E–W-trending magnetic anomaly stripes in the central basin and the N–E-trending magnetic anomaly stripes in the southwest sub-basin provide the most important evidence for Neogene expansion of the South China Sea. The expansion mechanism remains, however, controversial because of the lack of direct drilling data, non-systematic marine magnetic survey data, and irregular magnetic anomaly stripes with two obvious directions. For example, researchers have inferred different ages and episodes of expansion for the central basin and southwest sub-basin. Major controversy centers on the order of basinal expansion and the mechanism of expansion for the entire South China Sea basin. This study attempts to constrain these problems from a comprehensive analysis of the seafloor topography, magnetic anomaly stripes, regional aeromagnetic data, satellite gravity, and submarine geothermics. The mapped seafloor terrain shows that the central basin is a north-south rectangle that is relatively shallow with many seamounts, whereas the southwest sub-basin is wide in northeast, gradually narrows to the southwest, and is relatively deeper with fewer seamounts. Many magnetic anomaly stripes are present in the central basin with variable dimensions and directions that are dominantly EW-trending, followed by the NE-, NW- and NS-trending. Conversely such stripes are few in the southwest sub-basin and mainly NE-trending. Regional magnetic data suggest that the NW-trending Ailaoshan-Red River fault extends into the South China Sea, links with the central fault zone in the South China Sea, which extends further southward to Reed Tablemount. Satellite gravity data show that both the central basin and southwest sub-basin are composed of oceanic crust. The Changlong seamount is particularly visible in the southwest sub-basin and extends eastward to the Zhenbei seamount. Also a low gravity anomaly zone coincides with the central fault zone in the sub-basin. The submarine geothermic distribution demonstrates that the southwest sub-basin has a higher geothermal value than the central basin, and that the central fault zone is defined by a low thermal anomaly. This study suggests that NW–SE expansion of the southwest subbasin is later than the N–S expansion of the central basin with the sub-basin extending into the central basin and with both expansions ending at the same time. The expansion of southwestern sub-basin, similar to the Japanese Sea, is likely caused by left-lateral strike slip on the central fault zone in the South China Sea, which may have significance for finding oil and gas in this region.     

Frost sorted patterned ground: A review

Sorted circles, polygons, and stripes are reported from Alaska, Greenland, Baffin Island, Antarctica, and New Hampshire. From these studies and key references, all cases are found to have: (1) a mixed parent material, commonly till, composed of a wide range of clast sizes unsorted below frost table, (2) gutter depressions containing the largest stones and carrying summer drainage, and (3) tabular stones on edge in the gutters showing expansion-squeezing from the sides. The size of the unit cells, gutter to gutter, is a function of mean maximum clast size: smallest chips making forms 10 cm diameter across and largest forms 20 m across. The slope determines the shape: polygons, and nets form on slopes up to 2 or 4° depending upon amount of water and fines. Ellipses form on 3 to 6° slopes, and stripes form on 4 to 11° slopes. Clearly shape is an effect of solifluction. Lastly, time involves seasons of sporadic sorting until there is a stable end form with lichen-covered stone gutters and tundra-covered soil centers. The up-and-out mechanism, described by Corté, is the best known for the primary sorting. Larger sorted forms (2–20 m in diameter) are reported almost exclusively where nearly continuous permafrost exists. They form where the mean annual temperature is below ? 4°C. Former permafrost is indicated where lichen and turf are dense and not overturned and where measured motion is nil. Small forms (under 1 m in diameter) are generated in a year or two where there is only deep annual freezing (0.1–2 m), but no permafrost.     

松辽盆地上白垩统陆相遗迹化石及其沉积环境

松辽盆地上白垩统中含有丰富的遗迹化石,通过对该盆地20余口取心井岩心的详细观察,发现了6大类动物遗迹化石15属20种。根据这些遗迹化石的分布规律,在松辽盆地上白垩统中划分出5种遗迹化石组合：（1）Scoyenia遗迹组合,主要成分有Scoyenia gracilis、Skolithos和Planolites,偶见停息迹化石,反映的是遭受周期性暴露的极浅水环境;（2）Skolithos遗迹组合,主要以Skolithos和Cylindricum十分发育为特征,分异度小,丰度高,反映的是高能动水环境。（3）Arenicolites遗迹组合,主要以Arenicolites和Polykladichnus大量发育为特征,还见有Skolithos、Planolites、Thalassinoides和逃逸迹等化石,分异度较高,反映了水流能量较低的浅水环境;（4）Planolites遗迹组合,以密集分布的Planolites十分发育为特征,分异度小,丰度高,见有少量指示缺氧环境的Chondrites化石,反映了水体较平静的还原环境;（5）Fuersichnus遗迹组合,主要由Fuersichnus、Glockeria、Gordia、Megagrapton和Planolites等遗迹分子构成,反映了相对平静的深水环境。     

中国典型洞穴鱼类名录、分布及保护

基于最新的分类系统,对中国典型洞穴鱼类名录、分布、受胁状况及部分特征进行了整理。结果表明:中国境内已发现典型洞穴鱼类2目4科13属90种,其中鲤科的金线鲃属（38种）和条鳅科的高原鳅属（25种）为物种数较多的属。典型洞穴鱼类的体型较小,数量稀少,分布狭窄,研究资料很少,63%的种类的受胁等级数据缺乏或未被评估。对鳞片、眼睛和体表色素的统计分析显示,这3种形态特征的退化情况并不同步,推测它们在洞穴鱼类的演化过程中可能是相互独立的。      

甘肃宝积山盆地中侏罗统两种真叶肢介化石

本文研究了采自甘肃宝积山盆地中侏罗统新河组的叶肢介化石,经室内鉴定为椭圆真叶肢介(Euestheria fabiformis)和靖远真叶肢介(Euestheria jingyuanensis),两者均为我国中侏罗世自流井真叶肢介(Euestheria ziliujingensis)动物群的重要分子。椭圆真叶肢介主要特征为壳瓣小,长椭圆形,腹缘呈宽弧状拱曲,生长带窄而密集,后端在壳顶之后依次与背缘明显相交,交角相对较大,生长带上具有较小的不规则的网孔状装饰。而靖远真叶肢介主要特征为壳瓣中等大小,呈不规则的卵形,生长带后端与背缘相汇于一点,靠近腹缘的生长带较窄,有线状装饰,其他部位的生长带有不规则的网孔状装饰。甘肃宝积山盆地叶肢介化石的研究,进一步补充了研究区中侏罗世叶肢介的化石记录,表明中侏罗世时期沉积环境有利于叶肢介的生长。     

甘肃平凉地区平凉组笔石带的商榷

平凉地区中奥陶统平凉组地层发育基本完整，生物带发育齐全。在平凉组剖面中建立了３个笔石带，除底带引用前人资料外，对其上的２个带及其各自包括的３个系列作了重新划分及论述     

罗布泊干盐湖表层盐壳含水率季节性变化及吸水特征研究

根据罗布泊遥感影像图,在干盐湖区域选择"黑纹"和"白纹"观测区为典型研究对象,对其表层盐壳含水率、地下水位埋深、气象参量的动态变化进行了1年多的系统观测,结果发现两个观测区的表层盐壳的季节含水率存在一定的差异,其吸附水含水率均大于结晶水含水率,两观测区的吸附水含水率差异在1%左右,但黑纹观测区盐壳结晶水含水率是白纹观测区的3倍以上;黑纹观测区的地下水水位埋深相对稳定,表层盐壳的吸附水变化与地下水水位变化无明显的直接关系。另在高湿度、不同温度的野外环境和室内模拟环境下开展的盐壳吸水能力实验都发现,黑纹观测区盐壳的吸水能力明显强于白纹观测区,甚至达到10倍以上的差异,分析表明这和表层盐壳盐类矿物成分(如硫酸镁)的差异性密切相关。     

Distribution and chronology of Pleistocene permafrost features in France: Database and first results

Numerous periglacial features (polygons, nets, soil stripes, ice‐wedge pseudomorphs and sand‐wedge casts, involutions) have been recorded in France by examining bibliographical sources and aerial photographs. These data show that a large part of France was affected by permafrost during the Pleistocene and only the southern Aquitaine Basin and Languedoc seem to have been beyond its maximum extent. The first OSL ages obtained from the aeolian infill of wedge structures indicate that at least two phases of thermal contraction cracking occurred in southwestern France between ～25 and 36 ka. Chronostratigraphical data from loess in northern France indicate that these episodes correspond to the formation of ice‐wedge networks associated with tundra gleys. In the latter region, two additional permafrost episodes probably occurred during the Last Glacial, the older one corresponding to the end of Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 4 around 60 ka and the more recent one to MIS 2 around 19–16 ka. Although stratigraphical data indicate that these episodes were relatively short (about one millennium), relict permafrost may have existed for longer periods in northern France.