四川牟尼沟水体的同位素地球化学特征

运用同位素地球化学的方法，对牟尼沟各水体中的δD、δ^18O、T值、氘过量参数(d)和元素化学分析数据进行研究，基本查明牟尼沟内大气降水、地表水、地下水以及主要泉水之间的循环和补、径、排关系。珍珠泉和翡翠泉为沟内出露的主要泉水：二道海沟珍珠泉系地下深循环热水的露头，是由补给高度在3700m以上的大气降水渗入地下，再通过深大断裂循环至地下深部，与深部热流进行热交换后，返回地表出露。作为天然温泉开发具有较大的潜力；矿泉水厂沟的翡翠泉是典型的酸性岩溶冷泉，含水层水的径流较珍珠泉慢且滞留时间相对长些，含有一定的CO2，系一深部含水层地下水的露头。它源自补给高度全区最高(3800m以上)的大气降水。泉水流量大而且稳定，水质好，作为矿泉饮用水开发具有重要的经济价值；沟内大多数地表径流来源于大气降水和浅层地下水补给，夏季以大气降水为主，冬季浅层地下水补入到地表径流中的比例相对增加。这种对地表径流的调节作用，对于保持风景区内的景观具有重要作用。     

四川牟尼沟珍珠泉和翡翠泉的同位素组成及氘过量参数研究

本文基于四川牟尼沟珍珠泉和翡翠泉水的氢、氧同位素组成、氘过量参数及氚含量资料 ,详细分析和讨论了两泉地下含水层水的补给源、补给高度、水的运移途径和滞留时间及它们之间的水力联系。     

昆明市黑龙潭岩溶泉氢氧稳定同位素分析

黑龙潭位于昆明市北缘的五老山山麓,沿黑龙潭东支断裂带出露地表,该区分布三个岩溶泉,分别是:清水潭、浑水潭、小水潭,文章运用氢氧稳定同位素方法对它们进行连续的观测研究。通过对大气降水和泉水氢氧稳定同位素特征进行分析,揭示研究区岩溶泉水的来源及泉域含水层特征。得出以下结论:（1）通过大气降水δ18O -δD 关系建立当地大气降水线,大气降水线和泉水的稳定同位素分析表明泉水来源于大气降水,而且主要来源于夏季降水。（2）高斯混合模型分析结果表明,清水潭的补给不仅来源于野猫山地区,还包括径流过程中的入渗补给,而且入渗补给量并不小。浑水潭旱雨两季补给类型有所区别。小水潭除受北部二叠系灰岩含水层补给之外,很有可能也受东北部玄武岩山地的孔洞裂隙水补给。      

泉水知地震

<正>泉水能感知地震吗?泉是地下水的天然露头,是地下水或者地下含水层天然出露地表的地点。含水层或含水通道与地面的相交处地下水涌出地表,沿着固定的出口源源不断地流出,被称为泉,而流出的地下水则称为泉水。按照不同的分类依据,泉有着不同分类。根据补给泉的含水层性质,可分为上升泉和下降泉;根据泉的出露原因,可分为侵蚀泉、接触泉、溢流泉、断层泉等;根据泉水的温度,可分为冷泉、微热泉、温泉、热泉和高热泉;根据地下水循环深度,     

黄龙牟尼沟景区水的同位素特征分析

景区的径流水样在地区雨水线 (方程为 :δD =7.43δ1 8O +6 .5 9)附近 ,且氧同位素有一定的正偏移 ,说明径流具大气降水补给为主、地下水补给为辅的特征 ,旱季时地下水补给比例上升 ,泉水主要接受地下水补给。景区的二道海、矿泉水厂沟、扎嘎瀑布沟是三个相对独立的水文地质单元。     

高黎贡山南段主要热泉水化学同位素特征研究

笔者应用水化学同位素技术,对高黎山南段主要热泉成因及循环特征进行了研究,取得了一些重要认识。研究区热泉水为低矿化、碱性、Na-HCO3型水;热泉水主要为大气降水起源,循环速率较快,水岩作用不充分,径流环境多处于相对开放的氧化环境之中。以黄草坝泉、三官泉特征比较明显;地下水补给区主要位于泉点附近高程在1800 m的区域范围之内,为附近区域大气降水补给形成;存在浅层、深层两种混合作用形式,黄草坝泉、三官泉现代大气降水混合比在90%以上;热泉热储温度为100～200℃,循环深度在2000～4000 m。     

娘子关泉水流量的GM(1,2)时滞预测模型

娘子关泉位于山西省阳泉市平定娘子关附近,多年平均流量10. 93m3 /s,是我国北方最大的岩溶泉群。泉域西高东低,西部多为古生界二叠系、中生界三叠系砂页岩覆盖,大气降水入渗在这里形成浅层地下水,这些浅层水是深层岩溶含水层的间接补给水源; 泉域东部为岩溶裸露区,大气降水直接入渗补给深层岩溶水。由于岩溶泉域地质结构的复杂性和含水介质的多重性,泉域降水对泉水补给具有明显的灰色动态特征和时滞效应。本文应用灰色系统理论方法,建立了GM( 1, 2) 时滞模型,运用该模型对娘子关泉水流量进行了预测,结果与实际相接近。      

微量元素在福建马坑铁矿崎濑泉形成条件识别中的应用

崎濑泉是福建马坑铁矿区附近流量最大的泉,与矿区的关系一直没有查清。本文通过对前人勘察资料研究和在不同部位采水样进行分析的基础上,运用聚类分析和指示岩溶水、碎屑岩地下水补给来源和径流过程的Sr /Ca与Rb /K值研究了福建马坑铁矿崎濑泉补给来源和径流途径。结果表明,取自崎濑泉泉口水样与及矿区水文钻孔的岩溶水水样相关系数达到0.98,而与取自矿区北部砂岩裂隙水的水样相关性则很差;灰岩水和砂岩水间的相关系数仅为0. 26;崎濑泉水的Sr / Ca、Rb /K值与岩溶水的都比较相近,而砂岩裂隙水的Rb /K值则明显地较崎濑泉水与岩溶水的高,说明崎濑泉水的来源应当是深部的岩溶水,与其上部的砂岩裂隙水并无密切关系;崎濑泉的形成是大气降水在矿区东北部天山凹附近的灰岩裸露区渗入岩溶含水层并向西径流,至矿区中西部沿F10断层附近的岩溶强径流带径流至崎濑村,受陈坑- 崎濑断层阻挡然后涌出地面,而并非前人所说的是先由大气降水补给砂岩裂隙含水层,然后再由砂岩裂隙含水层补给下部的岩溶含水层。     

娘子关泉域岩溶水氢氧同位素特征及影响因素浅析

为了研究娘子关泉域岩溶水状况及补给运移规律,系统采集了泉域内岩溶水、地表水样品,分析测试了样品的δD、δ~(18)O值,利用氢氧同位素方法,通过分析氢氧同位素特征及其影响因素研究岩溶水的补给来源及各含水层的相互联系。研究结果表明,大气降水和河流渗漏补给是泉域内岩溶水的主要补给来源。由于大气降水的高程效应和温度效应,导致泉域内δD、δ~(18)O值存在一定的差异。由于受到强烈蒸发后的大气降水及河流渗漏水的补给,河流沿岸岩溶水的δD、δ~(18)O值相对较高。同时对娘子关泉群城西泉、五龙泉和集泉站的D和~(18)O同位素分析结果表明,城西泉水来源于近源低海拔的补给源;而五龙泉和集泉站泉水来源于深循环、远距离、较高补给高程与地表水交换弱的补给源。通过以上研究,进一步明确了娘子关泉域岩溶水的补给运移规律,为当地政府合理开发及可持续利用娘子关泉域岩溶水资源提供了理论支撑。     

九龙县磨房沟温泉水文地球化学特征及成因浅析

磨房沟温泉为上升泉,其热水水化学类型为HCO3-Na型,矿化度较高,属高矿化度水;温泉水中Na＋、Cl-含量远远高于浅层地下水中的含量,说明温泉地热水循环深度大、径流途经长、在地下贮存时间久、淋滤溶蚀作用强烈;温泉水主要接受大气降水补给,通过地热增温,其成因模式为大气降水补给的断裂深循环型地热系统。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

正~~     

GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861