多接收等离子质谱（MC-ICP-MS )测定Mg同位素初步研究

常量元素Mg的同位素比值，应用在地球化学上有重要意义。笔者采用“样品-标准”交叉技术，以国际标准SRM980,AIdrich, Romil和实验室标准GSB作为实验材料，探讨浓度和基质效应影响，尝试建立高精度多接收等离子质谱(MC-ICP-MS)测定Mg同位素方法。相对于国际标准物质SRM980，本研究测得的国际标准物质Aldrich的δ26Mg和δ25Mg值分别为（2.64±0.15)‰(2σ）和（1.34±0.09)‰(2σ); Romil的δ26Mg和δ25Mg值分别为（2.46±0.15)‰(2σ）和（1.27±0.08)%(2σ)；国土资源部同位素地质重点实验室的实验室标准GSB的δ26Mg和δ25Mg值分别为（4.05±0.03)‰(2σ)和(2.05±0.03)‰(2σ)。     

镁同位素地球化学研究进展

镁有3个稳定同位素:24Mg、25Mg和26Mg.已有数据表明,自然界Mg同位素组成的变化在陨石中较大.δ26Mg值在-0.71‰～11.92‰之间(相对于DSM3标准),而地球岩石中Mg同位素组成的变化较小,如地幔橄榄岩的δ26Mg变化范围为-3.01‰-1.03‰,沉积碳酸盐岩的δ26Mg变化范围为-4.84‰～-1.09‰,黄土的δ26Mg为-0.60‰.目前,大多数实验室均采用MC-ICP-MS方法来获得高精度的Mg同位素数据.原有Mg同位素国际标准SRM980由于具有不均一性应该废弃,应使用新的DSM3标准.Mg同位素地球化学的研究主要集中在太阳系星云形成过程、记录亏损地幔和地幔交代作用、揭示地质历史时期海水的Mg同位素组成演化、估算大陆风化通量等方面.我国开展的Mg同位素研究还非常少,且尚处于建立Mg同位素分析方法的研究阶段.随着技术的不断发展以及Mg同位素分馏机理的深入研究,Mg同位素的地质应用前景将日趋广泛.     

铜同位素测定方法研究进展

本文综述了铜(Cu)同位素分析测试方法的研究进展,提出了一套简单高效的纯化Cu的方法。鉴于原有Cu同位素的标准物质NIST SRM 976已经停产,本文归纳了一些已经报道的Cu同位素的替代标样,认为NIST SRM 3114具有更大的优越性。此外,在质谱测试过程中,利用Ga作为一个新的内标,采用内标法与SSB法结合的方法(C-SSBIN)校正仪器的质量歧视,可以使分析精度提高5倍左右。     

碳酸盐岩Mg同位素分析方法及研究进展

Mg是中等挥发和流体活动性元素，也是生物所必需的元素，几乎参与了地球上所有的地球化学过程，包括物理、化学和生物循环。近20年来，随着多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（MC-ICP-MS）高精度测定Mg同位素技术的快速发展，Mg同位素在碳酸盐岩研究中显示出非常广阔的应用前景，其中低Mg碳酸盐岩的研究对了解大陆地壳的化学演化具有非常重要的作用。然而，由于现有高Ca低Mg碳酸盐岩的分析方法并不能很好地将Ca完全去除，因此利用低Mg碳酸盐岩的Mg同位素特征进行地质研究仍然存在很大的局限性。通过对已有碳酸盐岩的Mg同位素分析方法进行归纳总结，认为可采取下列措施提高低Mg碳酸盐岩样品的Mg同位素分析精度，即上柱前完全溶解样品；化学分离过程中确保Mg与其他基质元素完全分离；淋洗基质过程中采用HF与HNO3混合酸进行淋洗，同时提高Mg的进样量；采用新鲜的测试样品和标准溶液进行测试等。上述措施可为该分析方法的改进及其在碳酸盐岩类Mg同位素研究中的应用提供参考。     

地质样品铜、铁、锌同位素标准物质的研制

合适的标准物质是进行同位素准确分析的基础和关键,本文介绍了基于地质样品的铜、铁、锌同位素分析标准参考物质的研制过程.所研制的标准物质为CAGSR-1,用于该标准物质研制的原始样品为玄武质组分的岩石成分分析国家标准物质GBW07105.按照国家一级标准的要求,对该标准物质进行了严格的均一性、稳定性检验和同位素定值分析.标准物质CAGSR-1的主要特性量值δ65Cu、δ56Fe、δ66Zn的推荐值及95%置信水平的不确定度为:δ65CuSRM976(‰)=0.10±0.02、δ56FeIRMM014(‰)=0.12±0.02、δ66ZnRomil(‰)=7.45±0.01.该标准物质可用于地质与环境样品铜、铁、锌同位素测定中化学流程评价和验证、质谱仪的校正及整个过程的分析质量控制.     

岩石铷-锶和钐-钕同位素标准物质的研制

通常样品的⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr和¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd同位素比值分析采用SRM9⁸⁷、JNdi-1作为标准物质,它们分别是纯的碳酸盐和氧化物,适用于监控质谱测试过程。中国现有的钐-钕地质和铷-锶年龄标准物质,分别为玄武岩和钾长石,它们与很多地质样品的基质存在差别。仅有这两种基质的标准物质不能有效地监控不同地质样品Rb-Sr、Sm-Nd同位素分析过程,因此研制不同岩性的Rb-Sr、Sm-Nd同位素标准物质具有重要现实意义。本文采集中国典型地区的橄榄岩、榴辉岩和花岗岩作为候选物,严格按照《一级标准物质技术规范》(JJF 1006-1994)和《标准物质定值的通用原则及统计学原理》(JJF 1343-2012)等相关标准物质国家计量技术规范和国家标准,研制了橄榄岩、榴辉岩和花岗岩铷-锶、钐-钕同位素标准物质(编号为GBW04139、GBW04140、GBW04141),其中橄榄岩标准物质适用于高Mg、Fe,低Rb、Nd含量样品的分析,榴辉岩和花岗岩标准物质适用于含有难溶副矿物的岩石样品的分析。每个标准物质具有6个特性量值,Rb、Sr、Sm和Nd含量分布分别为0.16~64μg/g、12~560μg/g、0.1~3.2μg/g和0.3~15.3μg/g,⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr比值分布为0.70446~0.71309,¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd比值分布为0.51115~0.51267,同位素比值精度达到或优于同类标准物质。这些特性量值更接近实际样品,使用时将更加有效和方便。该系列标准物质可用于校准仪器和评价方法,并能有效监控实验室此类样品的铷-锶、钐-钕同位素分析过程。     

玄武岩钛同位素分析标准物质研制

同位素标准物质是进行同位素准确分析的基础和关键,其同位素组成是同位素测量的基本参数。本文报道了玄武岩钛同位素标准物质的研制过程和定值结果,包括标准物质的选择、均匀性和稳定性检验、定值分析及测定数据的统计性检验等。玄武岩钛同位素标准物质的主要特性量值的推荐值及95%置信水平的不确定度为:δ~(47)Ti(‰)=-0.53±0.07,δ~(48)Ti(‰)=-1.05±0.09,δ~(49)Ti(‰)=-1.57±0.16,δ~(50)Ti(‰)=-2.10±0.18。该标准物质可用于地质样品钛同位素测定中化学流程评价和验证、质谱仪的校正及整个过程的分析质量控制。     

多接收器等离子体质谱（MC-ICP-MS）测定Mg同位素方法研究

采用"样品-标准"交叉技术,以纯Mg试剂、水样和矿物岩石样品作为实验材料,尝试建立高精度多接收器等离子体质谱(MC-ICP-Ms)测定Mg同位素方法.应用质谱仪上窄的进样狭缝,将来自Ar载气、空气和酸中的C 2、C2H 、C2H2、CN 、NaH 等分子对Mg同位素的影响减至最小.当标准Mg浓度为3×10-6时,保持样品与标准的浓度比在0.5～2之间,对Mg同位素比值测量没有影响.大量实验表明,不同基质的行为各异:Na、Fe和Al的基质效应使δ25.Mg和δ26Mg偏负;Ca的基质效应使δ25.Mg和δ26Mg偏正;Cr的基质效应使δ25Mg和δ26Mg波动.控制[元素]/[Mg]的浓度比在0.05范围内,可以忽略同质异位素的干扰和基质效应.通过对本实验室的两个工作标准CAGS1-Mg和CAGS2-Mg的长期测量,估计出Mg同位素测量的外精度(2SD)对于δ26Mg可达0.18‰,对于δ25Mg可达0.090‰.在25Mg/24Mg对26Mg/24Mg的同位素比值图上,所有样品的Mg同位素值都落在斜率约0.5的质量分馏线上,意味着建立的MC-ICP-MS测定Mg同位素方法既精确又无干扰.相对于DSM3国际标准,样品的Mg同位素组成大致变化范围是δ26Mg值为2.790‰,δ25Mg值为1.282‰.其中,CAGS1.Mg的δ26Mg值最大,为0.399,来自新疆喀呐斯湖水的26MG值最小,为-2.091.     

岩石中Pb同位素的多接收等离子质谱测定——数据、分析和处理流程以及注意事项

作者在昆士兰大学利用多接收等离子质谱仪MicromassIsoprobe测定了7种USGS岩石参考标准AGV-1、AGV-2、BHVO-1、BHVO-2、BCR-2、BIR-1/1和W-2的Pb同位素组成,同时测定了标准物质NBS981的Pb同位素组成。采用~(203)Tl-~(205)Tl同位素作为内部标准进行同位素分馏校正。所获得达到NBS981和USGS岩石标准AGV-1、BHVO-1的同位素比值的精度可与热电离质谱双稀释剂法或三稀释剂法数据相媲美,甚至具有更高精度。而BHVO-2、AGV-2和BCR-2     

方解石811N:一种可能的微区碳氧锶同位素分析标准

同位素标准物质是同位素分析的基准物质和数据比较的重要依据。方解石811作为碳酸盐碳氧同位素的实验室标准物质,具有良好的适用性,但由于制备时间久远,存量日益减少,且性状信息缺乏,影响了该标准在微区微量分析中的运用。本次研究选用未制备的811方解石(811N)作为研究对象,结合多种分析技术从不同尺度对其矿物组成、元素含量分布、碳氧同位素组成进行分析,揭示其相关信息及规律,并探讨了其Sr同位素组成,从而为下一步811N的制备和使用提供参考信息,有助于该样在不同碳酸盐分析和研究,特别是微区微量元素和同位素中的运用。实验结果表明,方解石811N较为纯净,主要为方解石,只含有微量的白云石、针铁矿、黏土矿物;除主要化学成分(CaCO₃)外,含有微量的Mg、Mn、Sr、Si、REE、U、Th等元素,Mg、Mn、Sr含量在整体分布上存在一定的变化,但在局部相对均匀。碳氧同位素组成整体差异程度相对较小,且其差异程度和元素均匀性呈对应关系,主要区域碳氧同位素组成均匀。Sr同位素组成在不同区域中无明显差异。本次研究认为811N是合适的碳酸盐碳氧同位素分析标准物质,该样制备后能够满足碳氧同位素分析和研究的需要,同时该样具备适用于微区微量C、O、Sr同位素分析和研究的潜力。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)