BL Lac天体PKS 2155－304的X射线谱

对ＢＬＬａｃ天体ＰＫＳ２１５５－３０４的多波段同时性观测表明，１－１０ｋｅＶ左右的Ｘ射线谱可用近似幂律谱和６－７ｋｅＶ之间的吸收峰很好地描述，观测到的光变时标，秒。这说明ｘ射线很可能是产生于中心黑洞附近的内部区域而穿过源外部“冷”的气体到达观测者的，因此，本文假定１－１０ｋｅＶ左右的Ｘ射线是在中心天体附近区域产生，观测到的谱则是原始谱在穿过周围较“冷”的等离子体介质时，受到康普顿软化所致。由此可解释Ｘ射线谱的观测特征，特别是Ｘ射线幂律谱高频端的陡化。     

BL Lac天体PKS 2155—304的X射线谱

对ＢＬ Ｌａｃ天体ＰＫＳ ２１５５－３０４的多波段同时性观测表明，１－１０ｋｅＶ左右的Ｘ射线谱可用近似幂律谱和６－７ｋｅＶ之间的吸收峰很好地描述，观测到光变时标ｔＤ≤２０００秒。这说明Ｘ射线很可能是产生于中心黑洞附近的内部区域而穿过源外部“冷“的气体到达观测者的。因此，本文假定１－１０ｋｅＶ左右的Ｘ射线是在中心天体附近区域产生，观测到的谱则是原始谱在穿过周围较“冷“的等离子体介质时，受到康普顿软化     

孤立脉冲星的X射线光度

本文提出一种物理机制得了到了孤立静冲星的Ｘ射线光度与其自转能损失的理论关系式，它与孤立静脉星的Ｘ射线观测数据是完全符合的。     

CygX—3X光子场对γ射线的吸收效应

本文详细讨论了Ｘ射线双星ＣｙｇＸ－３的Ｘ光子场对γ射线的吸收效应，计算结果表明：当ＣｙｇＸ－３的Ｘ光子发射场处于高态时，从致密中子星附近发射的能量为１０＾２－１０＾４ＭｅＶ的γ射线约有６０％被其吸收，吸收过程产生的正负电子的逆Ｃｏｍｐｔｏｎ散射会使出射能量１０－７０ＭｅＶ的 γ射线强度平均增加约５０％，计算的γ射线能谱与实验观测结果基本相符。     

基于Chandra的活动星系核观测

活动星系核（AGN）是宇宙中最奇特的天体之一。它是真正意义上的全波天体，其中X射线波段的发射功率占到全波段功率的50％左右。AGN的X射线辐射研究涉及天体物理中的最基本问题，例如能量产生、辐射机制和宇宙论等，而Chandra X射线卫星的高分辨率图像和光谱对这一研究有着重要作用。以Chandra卫星的部分观测结果为例，简要介绍了几类不同类型AGN的X射线辐射研究进展：（1）宽吸收线类星体APM08279＋5255（z=3．91）的X射线谱分析，以及高红移类星体的观测概况；（2）Seyfert星系NGC 4151延展X射线发射问题的解决，及NGC 1068X射线辐射与光学波段的高激发态发射线（[OⅢ]λ5007）有很强相关性的发现；（3）6个BLLac天体样本的X射线环境分析；（4）射电星系X射线喷流的观测等。     

1ES1853—379的EGRET观测上限对其自转参数的限制

给出了来自新发现的孤立中子星１ＥＳ１８５３－３７９方向的γ射线上限为５×１０％－８ｐｈｃｍ＾－２ｓ＾－１。假设γ射线辐射的１／４π立体角的成束和１ＧｅＶ的平均光子能量,对应的γ光度上限为７．６×１０＾２３（Ｄ／１００ｐｃ）＾２Ｊ／ｓ。导出的γ射线辐射效率上限比极冠模型或外间隙模型所预期的辐射效率低两个量级。由此给出了这一中子星自转参数的限制。     

1ES1853-379的EGRET观测上限对其自转参数的限制

给出了来自新发现的孤立中子星１ＥＳ１８５３－３７９方向的γ射线上限为５×１０－８ｐｈｃｍ－２ｓ－１．假设γ射线辐射的立体角的成束和１ＧｅＶ的平均光子能量,对应的１光度上限为７．６×１０~２３（Ｄ／１００ｐｃ）２Ｊ／ｓ．导出的γ射线辐射效率上限比极冠模型或外间隙模型所预期的辐射效率低两个量级．由此给出了这一中子星自转参数的限制．     

脉冲星的γ辐射

本文根据Ｒ－Ｓ模型讨论脉冲星的γ辐射，在讨论光子被电磁场吸收时，我们把中子星磁层分成两部分，一部分以电场吸收为主，另一部分以磁场吸收为主，本文以电子在电磁场中的级联过程为基础，计算了Ｃｒａｂ，Ｖｅｌａ等六个已知γ射线脉冲星的一些物理量，发现与观测基本相符，另外我们还预言了一些很可能是γ射线脉冲星的候选者。     

脉冲星PSR1951＋32的X射线脉冲辐射

脉冲星ＰＳＲ１９５１＋３２的Ｘ射线脉冲辐射程凌翔，李惕碚，孙学军，马宇蒨，吴枚（中国科学院高能物理研究所，北京１０００３９）主题词：脉冲星－Ｘ射线源１９８７年６月，用频率３８７ＭＨｚ的射电观测发现了脉冲星ＰＳＲ１９５１＋３２［１］，同年７月，在１８０...     

孤立脉冲星的X射线光度

本文提出一种物理机制得到了孤立脉冲星的Ｘ射线光度与其自转能损失的理论关系式。它与孤立脉冲星的Ｘ射线观测数据是完全符合的。     

Underground water Cherenkov muon detector array with the Tibet air shower array for gamma-ray astronomy in the 100 TeV region

We propose to build a large water-Cherenkov-type muon-detector array (Tibet MD array) around the 37 000 m² Tibet air shower array (Tibet AS array) already constructed at 4300 m above sea level in Tibet, China. Each muon detector is a waterproof concrete pool, 6 m wide × 6 m long × 1.5 m deep in size, equipped with a 20 inch-in-diameter PMT. The Tibet MD array consists of 240 muon detectors set up 2.5 m underground. Its total effective area will be 8640 m² for muon detection. The Tibet MD array will significantly improve gamma-ray sensitivity of the Tibet AS array in the 100 TeV region (10–1000 TeV) by means of gamma/hadron separation based on counting the number of muons accompanying an air shower. The Tibet AS+MD array will have the sensitivity to gamma rays in the 100 TeV region by an order of magnitude better than any other previous existing detectors in the world. The Tibet ASγ Collaboration.     

The Role of T_(50) in the Classification of Gamma-ray Bursts

The role of T50 in classifying gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is investigated. We take T50=0.7s as the line of division and find that some bursts belonging to the class of long bursts defined by T90≥2s now become short bursts (sample 1), while some belonging to the class of short bursts defined by T90 < 2 s now become long bursts (sample 2). We study how these sources are affected by the two methods of classification and find the change of classes of sample 1 is due to some peculiar properties of the light curves. Based on their characters, most of the bursts of sample 1 should be taken as short bursts.     

Sequences in the Hardness Ratio-Peak Energy Plane of Gamma-Ray Bursts

The narrowness of the distribution of the peak energy of the vFv spectrum of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and the unification of GRB populations are great puzzles yet to be solved. We investigate the two puzzles based on the global spectral behaviors of different GRB populations, the long GRBs, the short GRBs, and the X-ray flashes (XRFs), in the HR - Ep plane (HR the spectral hardness ratio) with BATSE and HETE-2 observations. It is found that the long GRBs and the XRFs observed by HETE-2 seem to follow the same sequence in the HR-Ep plane, with the XRFs at the low end of this sequence. We fit the sequence by a universal Band function, and find that this sequence is mainly defined by the low energy index α, and is insensitive to the high energy index,β. With fixed β=-5, a best fit is given by α=-1.00 with X^2min/dof=2.2. The long and short GRBs observed by BATSE follow significantly different sequences in the HR-Ep plane, with most of the short GRBs having a larger hardness ratio than the long GRBs at a given Ep. For the long GRBs a best-fit yields α=-0.30 and β=-2.05. For the short GRBs, a best fit gives α=-0.60 with x^2min=1.1 (withβfixed at-2.0 because it is numerically unstable). The α value for the short GRBs is significantly greater than that for the long GRBs. These results indicate that the global spectral behaviors of the long GRB sample and the XRF sample are similar, while that of the short GRBs is different. The short GRBs seem to be a unique subclass of GRBs, and they are not the higher energy extension of the long GRBs.     

Doppler Tomography of X‐ray binaries

The Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) on HST provides the first ultraviolet data that are of sufficient spectral and temporal resolution to generate Doppler tomograms of X‐ray binaries.We show both optical and ultraviolet maps constructed for the intermediate mass system Hercules X‐1/HZ Her and the massive wind‐fed system SMC X‐1/SK160. We have used the maps and corresponding lightcurves as diagnostics with which to test the validity of published models for Hercules X‐1. We find that although the models are mostly able to explain the light curves they are not consistent with the full phase maps. We present simulations of Doppler maps of X‐ray lines that will be possible with the spectral and temporal resolution and substantial effective area of the next major X‐ray mission, Con‐X. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

高海拔宇宙线观测站LHAASO概况

宇宙线发现百年以来,宇宙线起源仍然是一个谜.研究宇宙线起源主要在甚高能(VHE)伽马射线天文学和宇宙线物理学两个领域交叉展开.新一代高海拔宇宙线观测站(LHAASO)拥有高海拔、全天候和大规模优势,利用多种探测手段对宇宙线开展联合观测,大幅提升对伽马射线和宇宙线的鉴别能力.LHAASO将开展全天区伽马源扫描搜索以大量发现新伽马源,将获得30TeV以上伽马射线探测的最高灵敏度,将在宽达5个数量级的能量范围内精确测量宇宙线分成份能谱,为揭开宇宙线起源谜团给出重要判据.系统介绍了LHAASO的探测器结构、性能优势和科学目标.     

Cosmic neutrinos from the sources of galactic and extragalactic cosmic rays

Although kilometer-scale neutrino detectors such as IceCube are discovery instruments, their conceptual design is very much anchored to the observational fact that Nature produces protons and photons with energies in excess of 10²⁰ eV and 10¹³ eV, respectively. The puzzle of where and how Nature accelerates the highest energy cosmic particles is unresolved almost a century after their discovery. From energetics considerations we anticipate on the order of 10–100 neutrino events per kilometer squared per year pointing back at the source(s) of both galactic and extragalactic cosmic rays. In this context, we discuss the results of the AMANDA and IceCube neutrino telescopes which will deliver a kilometer-square-year of data over the next 3 years.     

CygX—1硬态高能光子的时延

硬X射线和软射线光子的时延时研究主能辐射的一个重要方面，傅里叶交叉谱常常被用于教育处硬软光子之间的时延，但是交叉说示能在高于30Hz的傅里叶频率上从CygX-1测量到有统计意义的快速光变，由李惕培在时域上发展的交叉相关函方法能有效测量不同时间尺度上的时延，利用此交叉相关分析方法，讨论了不同观测时期CygX-1硬态高能光子时延 的性质，分析结果表明，CygX-1硬态在短的尺度（＜0．1秒）上存存在有意义的时间延迟，并将短时间尺度上的观测结果和各种CygX-1硬态模型进行了比较讨论。     

A search for very high energy bursts

Of great importance in distinguishing between models for gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is the experimental determination of the highest energy gamma rays associated with bursts. The EGRET detection of a 15 GeV gamma ray indicates that the spectra of at least some bursts extend well beyond the several MeV limit of the BATSE detectors (Hurleyet al., 1994). The low expected flux means that the collecting area of the present generation of satellite-based detectors is too small to detect gamma rays much above this energy efficiently, and such searches are currently undertaken with ground based detectors. In this paper searches made for very high energy GRBs with a southern hemisphere air shower particle array are described.     

双漏模式中的弥散宇宙γ射线

弥散宇宙γ射线产生于初级宇宙线的传播过程,本文利用宇宙线传播的“双漏模式”得出与实验观测谱接近的银河系弥散宇宙γ射线谱。