高强钢筋ECC-RC复合桥梁地震易损性分析

考虑高强钢筋、ECC等高性能材料在桥梁工程中的推广应用,针对普通钢筋混凝土桥墩抗震性能相对较差的情况,研究高强钢筋ECC-RC复合桥墩的桥梁抗震性能。通过OpenSees平台建立普通RC桥墩桥梁、ECC-RC复合桥墩桥梁及高强钢筋ECC-RC复合桥墩桥梁非线性有限元模型,采用增量动力法和"能力需求比"分析方法建立桥梁各构件及系统的地震易损性曲线,探讨高强钢筋及ECC对桥梁抗震性能的影响。研究表明:ECC-RC、高强钢筋ECC-RC复合桥墩及其桥梁系统的地震易损性均有改善,且高强钢筋ECC的改善效果更显著,高强钢筋ECC-RC复合桥墩支座的地震易损性有所降低,高强钢筋及ECC的应用有助于提高桥墩和桥梁系统抗震性能和安全性,特别是在中震及大震作用下这一现象更加明显。     

钢管混凝土边框高强混凝土组合剪力墙抗震性能试验研究

钢管混凝土边框组合剪力墙是一种新型组合剪力墙。本文进行了2个1/4缩尺的高强混凝土剪力墙模型的低周反复荷载试验,模型1为普通钢筋混凝土剪力墙,模型2为钢管混凝土边框组合剪力墙。在试验研究基础上,对比分析它们的承载力、延性、刚度及其衰减过程、滞回特性、耗能能力及破坏特征,建立了组合剪力墙的承载力计算模型,计算结果与实测结果符合较好。研究表明,钢管混凝土边框高强混凝土组合剪力墙与普通剪力墙相比抗震性能显著提高。     

Rapid repair of severely earthquake-damaged bridge piers with flexural-shear failure mode

An experimental study was conducted to investigate the feasibility of a proposed rapid repair technique for severely earthquake-damaged bridge piers with flexural-shear failure mode. Six circular pier specimens were first tested to severe damage in flexural-shear mode and repaired using early-strength concrete with high-fluidity and carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP). After about four days, the repaired specimens were tested to failure again. The seismic behavior of the repaired specimens was evaluated and compared to the original specimens. Test results indicate that the proposed repair technique is highly effective. Both shear strength and lateral displacement of the repaired piers increased when compared to the original specimens, and the failure mechanism of the piers shifted from flexural-shear failure to ductile flexural failure. Finally, a simple design model based on the Seible formulation for post-earthquake repair design was compared to the experimental results. It is concluded that the design equation for bridge pier strengthening before an earthquake could be applicable to seismic repairs after an earthquake if the shear strength contribution of the spiral bars in the repaired piers is disregarded and 1.5 times more FRP sheets is provided.     

Shaking table tests of a reinforced concrete bridge pier with a low-cost sliding pendulum system

After the occurrence of various destructive earthquakes in Japan, extensive efforts have been made to improve the seismic performance of bridges. Although improvements to the ductile capacities of reinforced concrete (RC) bridge piers have been developed over the past few decades, seismic resilience has not been adequately ensured. Simple ductile structures are not robust and exhibit a certain level of damage under extremely strong earthquakes, leading to large residual displacements and higher repair costs, which incur in societies with less-effective disaster response and recovery measures. To ensure the seismic resilience of bridges, it is necessary to continue developing the seismic design methodology of RC bridges by exploring new concepts while avoiding the use of expensive materials. Therefore, to maximize the postevent operability, a novel RC bridge pier with a low-cost sliding pendulum system is proposed. The seismic force is reduced as the upper component moves along a concave sliding surface atop the lower component of the RC bridge pier. No replaceable seismic devices are included to lengthen the natural period; only conventional concrete and steel are used to achieve low-cost design solutions. The seismic performance was evaluated through unidirectional shaking table tests. The experimental results demonstrated a reduction in the shear force transmitted to the substructure, and the residual displacement decreased by establishing an adequate radius of the sliding surface. Finally, a nonlinear dynamic analysis was performed to estimate the seismic response of the proposed RC bridge pier.     

钢筋混凝土圆截面桥墩抗震加固方式对比分析

为研究不同加固方式对钢筋混凝土(RC)圆截面桥墩抗震性能的影响,利用OpenSees有限元软件建立了普通RC桥墩以及分别采用钢套管、碳纤维增强聚合物(CFRP)、体外预应力筋进行加固的桥墩数值分析模型,对模型输入远断层地震动,进行增量动力分析。以墩顶峰值位移角与震后残余位移角为指标,对比分析了桥墩加固前后的地震响应。结果表明:采用钢套管、体外预应力筋和CFRP加固后,RC桥墩的峰值位移与震后残余位移均减小,钢套管加固方式对桥墩峰值位移的降低幅度最大,体外预应力筋加固方式对抑制桥墩震后残余位移的效果最好;随着剪跨比的增大,3种加固方式对桥墩在地震动作用下位移响应的抑制作用均逐步减小;随着轴压比的增大,3种加固方式对RC桥墩峰值位移的抑制作用逐步降低。     

钢管混凝土桥墩抗震性能试验研究

为研究钢管混凝土桥墩的抗震性能,对钢管混凝土桥墩和钢筋混凝土桥墩进行了拟静力对比试验研究。根据试件的破坏发展过程以及各试件的滞回曲线和骨架曲线,分析了其滞回性能、耗能能力、延性、强度退化及刚度退化等抗震性能。试验结果表明,钢管混凝土桥墩的抗震性能明显好于钢筋混凝土桥墩。在含钢率和轴力相同的情况下,钢管混凝土桥墩的滞回曲线比钢筋混凝土桥墩丰满得多,前者的耗能能力约为后者的4.46倍,钢管混凝土桥墩的延性大于钢筋混凝土桥墩;随着轴压比的增大,钢管混凝土桥墩延性有所下降,强度退化加快,但对其刚度退化的影响不大。     

高轴压比下钢管混凝土边框组合剪力墙抗震性能试验研究

钢管混凝土边框组合剪力墙是一种适用于高层及超高层建筑的新型组合剪力墙。轴压比是影响剪力墙抗震性能的一个主要因素,高层建筑底部轴压比较大。本文进行了1/4缩尺的1个普通钢筋混凝土剪力墙模型和1个钢管混凝土边框组合剪力墙模型在高轴压比下的低周反复荷载试验。在试验研究基础上,对比分析了剪力墙的承载力、延性、刚度及其衰减过程、滞回特性、耗能能力及破坏特征,建立了钢管混凝土边框组合剪力墙的承载力计算模型,计算结果与实测结果符合较好。研究表明:在高轴压比下钢管混凝土边框组合剪力墙与普通剪力墙相比抗震性能显著提高。     

Research on seismic behavior and shear strength of SRHC frame columns

The seismic behavior of steel reinforced high strength and high performance concrete(SRHC)frame columns was investigated through pseudo-static experiments of 16 frame columns with various shear span ratios,axial compression ratios,concrete strengths,steel ratios and stirrup ratios.Three kinds of failure mechanisms are presented and the characteristics of experimental hysteretic curves and skeleton curves with different design parameters are discussed.The columns’ductility and energy dissipation were quantitatively evaluated based on seismic resistance.The research results indicate that SRHC frame columns can withstand extreme bearing capacity,but the abilities of ductility and energy dissipation are inferior because of SRHC’s natural brittleness.As a result,the axial load ratio should be restricted and some construction measures adopted,such as increasing the stirrup ratio.This research established effect factors on the bearing capacity of SPHC columns.Finally,an algorithm for obtaining ultimate bearing capacity using the flexural failure mode is established based on a modified planesection assumption.The authors also established equations to determine shearing baroclinic failure and shear bond failure based on the accumulation of the axial load force distribution ratio.The calculated results of shear bearing capacity for different failure modes were in good agreement with the experimental results.     

型钢混凝土梁柱框支剪力墙结构抗震性能试验研究

框支剪力墙结构在实际工程中经常被采用,震害表明钢筋混凝土框支剪力墙结构抗震性能较差,本文提出型钢混凝土梁柱框支剪力墙结构对此加以改进。作者进行了4个1/4缩尺模型在竖向荷载和单调及低周反复水平荷载作用下的对比试验,其中3个试件采用型钢混凝土转换梁、型钢混凝土框支柱,1个试件采用钢筋混凝土转换梁、钢筋混凝土框支柱。我们分析其承载力、刚度、变形、延性和破坏形态等。试验结果表明,型钢混凝土梁柱框支剪力墙结构承载力高、延性好、滞回曲线丰满,变形能力和耗能能力较强。     

城市独柱墩桥梁结构体系非线性抗震研究

针对城市桥梁采用的独柱墩连续梁桥具有的缺点,提出了采用两跨T形刚构桥梁的结构形式。利用非线性时程分析方法,考虑钢筋混凝土桥墩材料的非线性,对两种桥梁结构在纵向地震动作用下的非线性地震反应行为进行了分析,得到了两种桥梁结构桥墩的弯矩、剪力、位移以及塑性铰转角时程。结果表明,在同一地震动作用下,T形刚构桥墩所受弯矩小于连续梁,所受剪力大于连续梁,桥墩塑性铰的转角远小于连续梁。因此,在同等损伤程度和保证桥墩抗剪能力的情况下,T形刚构比连续梁能够承受更强的地震。     

Limit state model for R.C. bridge joints under seismic loading

Most of the available models of monolithic reinforced concrete joints under seismic action focus on estimation of cracking and ultimate shear strengths. Very few studies have been directed towards developing expressions for the associated joint deformations at the milestone response points so as to compose a limit-state model for joints that would be compatible with the emerging framework of deformation based seismic assessment and design methods. This objective is pursued in the present paper with particular emphasis on monolithic bridge joints. Deformation capacity at yielding and failure of joints is derived by establishing equilibrium and geometric compatibility of smeared stresses and strains, and satisfying material constitutive relationships. Expressions and model parameters are calibrated with the database of published bridge joint tests assembled from International literature, using statistical evaluation. From the mean values of the design parameters simplified equations for shear strength and ultimate shear strain of bridge joints are proposed.     

基于OpenSees的防屈曲支撑加固钢筋混凝土框架数值模拟

提出了一种既有钢筋混凝土框架结构的抗震加固方法,该法采用防屈曲支撑提高框架结构体系的水平承载力和耗能能力,利用外包钢进一步提高柱子的抗弯和抗剪承载力。采用开源有限元程序OpenSees,分别建立空钢筋混凝土框架和防屈曲支撑加固钢筋混凝土框架的分析模型,对2榀钢筋混凝土框架的抗震性能进行模拟。防屈曲支撑采用了弹塑性桁架单元模型,加固框架柱混凝土考虑了外包钢的约束作用。将分析结果与拟静力试验结果进行比较,以检验分析模型的准确性,以及研究防屈曲支撑和外包钢对混凝土框架抗震性能的影响。分析结果表明,数值模拟与试验结果吻合较好,验证了基于OpenSees建立的数值模型的准确性;外包钢有效改善了框架柱的抗弯承载力和变形能力;防屈曲支撑显著提高了加固框架体系的水平刚度、水平承载力和耗能能力。     

SRC框支剪力墙结构地震反应简化分析模型研究

针对钢筋混凝土高层框支剪力墙结构抗震性能差的缺点,提出采用型钢混凝土（SRC）梁柱框支剪力墙,试验结果表明了其良好的抗震性能。提出了框支剪力墙结构地震反应简化分析模型,将结构简化为由墙单元和框支单元组成的弹簧体系,墙单元采用二元件模型。推导了框支单元刚度矩阵,基于理论公式和试验结果给出了框支单元恢复力模型。根据提出的简化模型,编制了结构地震反应时程分析程序。程序计算结果与ETABS分析结果及振动台试验结果吻合较好,为进一步对SRC框支剪力墙结构进行地震反应分析提供了理论基础。     

钢—混凝土组合连续刚构桥墩梁连接节点抗震性能比较研究

钢-混凝土组合连续刚构桥的关键在于墩梁连接节点,设计了双层钢箱混凝土、钢筋混凝土和钢管混凝土等3种不同类型墩柱的连接节点构造形式。基于OpenSees平台建立了墩柱截面纤维有限元模型,并利用双层钢箱混凝土墩柱拟静力试验结果验证了数值模型的有效性,进而基于纤维有限元模型对3种不同类型墩柱节点进行了非线性滞回性能计算分析。结果表明:纤维模型能够模拟拟静力作用下组合连续刚构桥墩梁连接的滞回性能,双层钢箱混凝土墩柱与钢箱-混凝土组合梁连接节点的整体抗震性能要优于钢筋混凝土墩柱和实心钢管混凝土墩柱与钢箱-混凝土组合梁的连接节点,建议的刚性节点构造合理和传力路径明确,可为钢-混凝土组合连续刚构桥设计提供参考。     

钢纤维混凝土低剪力墙抗震性能试验研究

对不同钢纤维体积率、相同钢纤维混凝土强度的5个钢筋钢纤维混凝土低剪力墙试件以及不同钢纤维混凝土强度、相同钢纤维体积率的2个钢筋钢纤维混凝土低剪力墙试件,进行了低周反复荷载作用下的试验研究,分析了剪力墙的延性、滞回性能和耗能能力等,研究了钢纤维体积率和钢纤维混凝土强度对钢筋钢纤维混凝土低剪力墙的延性及耗能能力的影响.试验和分析结果表明:掺加钢纤维的钢筋混凝土低剪力墙的延性、耗能能力都比普通钢筋混凝土低剪力墙明显提高,抗震性能良好.     

型钢混凝土剪力墙的抗震性能研究

型钢混凝土剪力墙(亦称为SRC剪力墙)是一种新型的剪力墙,其抗弯承载力、抗剪承载力及延性均好于普通剪力墙。本文简要总结了近年来国内外关于型钢混凝土剪力墙抗震研究的成果。在此基础上,进行了较高轴压比下内藏钢桁架混凝土组合高剪力墙的抗震性能试验研究。试验研究表明,内藏钢桁架的存在明显改善了高轴压比下型钢混凝土高剪力墙的抗震性能。     

A distributed shear and flexural flexibility model with shear–flexure interaction for R/C members subjected to seismic loading

A beam–column‐type finite element for seismic assessment of reinforced concrete (R/C) frame structures is presented. This finite element consists of two interacting, distributed flexibility sub‐elements representing inelastic flexural and shear response. Following this formulation, the proposed model is able to capture spread of flexural yielding, as well as spread of shear cracking, in R/C members. The model accounts for shear strength degradation with inelastic curvature demand, as well as coupling between inelastic flexural and shear deformations after flexural yielding, observed in many experimental studies. An empirical relationship is proposed for evaluating the average shear distortion of R/C columns at the onset of stirrup yielding. The proposed numerical model is validated against experimental results involving R/C columns subjected to cyclic loading. It is shown that the model can predict well the hysteretic response of R/C columns with different failure modes, i.e. flexure‐critical elements, elements failing in shear after flexural yielding, and shear‐critical R/C members. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Research on seismic performance of shear walls with concrete filled steel tube columns and concealed steel trusses

In order to further improve the seismic performance of RC shear walls, a new composite shear wall with concrete filled steel tube (CFT) columns and concealed steel trusses is proposed. This new shear wall is a double composite shear wall; the first composite being the use of three different force systems, CFT, steel truss and shear wall, and the second the use of two different materials, steel and concrete. Three 1/5 scaled experimental specimens: a traditional RC shear wall, a shear wall with CFT columns, and a shear wall with CFT columns and concealed steel trusses, were tested under cyclic loading and the seismic performance indices of the shear walls were comparatively analyzed. Based on the data from these experiments, a thorough elastic-plastic finite element analysis and parametric analysis of the new shear walls were carried out using ABAQUS software. The finite element results of deformation, stress distribution, and the evolution of cracks in each phase were compared with the experimental results and showed good agreement. A mechanical model was also established for calculating the load-carrying capacity of the new composite shear walls. The results show that this new type of shear wall has improved seismic performance over the other two types of shear walls tested.     

装配式双钢套管内置高强混凝土组合剪力墙及其试验验证

提出一种适用于高层建筑的新型装配式双钢套管内置高强混凝土(FDSHC)组合剪力墙,并通过试验验证其抗震性能.通过6个两层 FDSHC组合剪力墙试件的压G弯G剪滞回试验和6个单层FDSHC组合剪力墙试件的拉G弯G剪滞回试验,分析试件的破坏特征和滞回性能,研究轴力、钢管混凝土截面含量比、偏心距、外钢管是否焊接对新型墙体抗震性能的影响.结果表明,FDSHC 组合剪力墙试件的破坏形态为弯剪复合破坏,其在压(拉)-弯-剪复合受力作用下具有较高的承载能力,滞回曲线饱满,耗能能力和整体装配性能良好.轴压比越大(轴拉比越小),峰值强度越高;偏心距越大,耗能能力越弱;钢管混凝土截面含量比和外钢管是否焊接的影响不明显.相对于传统装配式混凝土剪力墙,FDSHC组合剪力墙具有“易装配、高承载、低成本”的优点和优越的抗震性能,有望在装配式高层建筑中推广应用.     

强震环境下带钢避难建筑抗震模型设计

避难建筑通常采用置换混凝土方法抗震,建筑对高强度地震的抗震性能差。因此提出高强度地震下带钢避难建筑抗震设计方法,采用复杂网络带钢避难建筑加固模型对加固前建筑的混泥土强度与荷载能力进行计算,增大框架柱截面,提升带钢避难建筑荷载。采用复合墙体受力加固模型提升建筑墙体抗震性。对加固后建筑模型的坍塌风险评估时,采用带钢避难建筑坍塌的全概率衡量加固后建筑在设计使用年限内的抗坍塌安全性。设计使用年限内加固后的带钢避难建筑的强震CRC超出概率是P(IMCRC),确保其在高强度地震下具有较高的抗震性能。实验结果说明,所提方法下的带钢避难建筑在遇到强震情况时具有较高的抗震性能。