基于形状记忆合金-悬吊质量摆减振系统的结构地震响应分析

针对风电塔架结构内部有限的空间,设计一种新型减振系统。基于悬吊质量摆减振原理,利用形状记忆合金（SMA）的超弹性特性,将SMA丝与弹簧叠加成SMA阻尼器后并与悬吊质量摆复合,设计了一种形状记忆合金-悬吊质量摆阻尼器（SMA-SMPD）系统。研究了细部构造、减振原理和参数影响,并利用Matlab软件对单自由度体系在不同地震作用下的动力响应进行了数值模拟。结果表明:所设计的刚度和质量可调的SMA-SMPD是有效的。与结构受控频率相调时,将结构振动能量集中转换到SMA-SMPD上,可耗散结构振动能量,减震率可达30%~40%,且整体性能稳定,对结构动力响应控制效果显著。     

一种放大位移型SMA阻尼器的减震控制分析

利用形状记忆合金(SMA)材料的超弹性,本文提出了一种放大位移型SMA阻尼器,建立了装有该阻尼器的框架有限元模型并对该框架的地震反应实施了模拟减震控制。分不安装阻尼器、安装不放大位移阻尼器和安装放大2倍层间位移阻尼器三种工况,输入El Centro和Taft地震动,对比研究了阻尼器的减震控制效果。分析结果表明:(1)放大位移型SMA阻尼器的控制效果优于不放大位移型SMA阻尼器;(2)该放大位移型SMA阻尼器对位移的控制效果优于对加速度的控制效果。     

形状记忆合金简化本构模型在结构抗震中的应用

在形状记忆合金(简称SMA)Brinson本构模型基础上推导并给出了伪弹性分段线性化本构模型，该模型参数多，计算不发散，节省计算资源。文中给出了该模型用于结构抗震的计算实例，计算结果显示了该SMA伪弹性分段线性化本构模型在结构被动控制中具有优良的性能。     

依法编制防震减灾规划计划努力推进防震减灾事业的发展

介绍了编制防震减灾规划计划的指导思想、基本原则以及技术思路。     

多维地震作用下大跨空间结构的减震控制分析

考虑到多维地震输入对网架结构的不利影响,基于形状记忆合金超弹性,研制出一种兼具自复位、高耗能及放大功能于一体的形状记忆合金复合黏滞阻尼器(Hybrid Shape Memory Alloy Viscous Dampers,简称HSMAVD),并通过试验研究该阻尼器在循环荷载作用下的力学性能;然后以平面四角锥网架模型为基础,将该阻尼器替换部分网架结构杆件,并分析该阻尼器减震控制效果。结果表明形状记忆合金与黏滞阻尼器复合后具有良好的协同工作能力,可有效发挥形状记忆合金的超弹性和黏滞阻尼器的速度相关特性,使其具有稳定的滞回性能和良好的耗能能力;采用阻尼杆件替换原杆件的方法既能对结构进行有效的减震控制,又不改变原有的结构形式,是一种优越的减震控制方法,并为HSMAVD被动控制系统在结构抗震中的实际应用提供新思路。     

保护地震监测环境与经济建设快速发展的思考

随着经济的发展,地震观测环境受到的干扰越来越严重。本文阐述了山东地区地震监测环境的现状,引述了山东省在经济建设中地震监测环境受到影响和破坏的实例,分析了产生的原因,结合山东省地震监测环境保护的实例探讨依法保护的意义,通过郯城地震台等监测环境保护实践活动,认识到法律、法规是地震监测环境得到保护的重要保障;阐述了依靠当地政府及其管理部门共同做好地震监测环境保护工作的必要性,并认为,应从加强县级地震机构建设及合理规划地震监测台网等方面入手,加强对地震监测环境的保护。进而提出了实现经济建设发展和保护地震监测环境矛盾统一的构想。地震台站工作人员要加强法律、法规的学习和运用,担负起地震台站监测环境保护的任务。同时,针对遇到的问题,提出了一些工作对策和建议。     

拱坝非线性地震反应分析

以乌东德拱坝为对象,进行了拱坝非线性地震反应分析。结果表明:坝体损伤区域明显大于坝体混凝土按线弹性材料计算时最大主应力超过抗拉强度的区域,说明传统方法低估了拱坝的开裂范围,偏于危险;考虑基岩的非线性后,坝体损伤总体上要有所减小;坝基岩体剪胀角对坝基岩体的屈服和坝体混凝土的损伤都有影响,但是规律不明确,因此应该进行基岩剪胀角的敏感性分析。     

摩擦摆隔震结构地震反应谱的计算分析

探讨了摩擦摆基底隔震结构的地震反应谱规律。采用上部结构-摩擦摆两质点模型并利用系统振动微分方程，计算绘制了设计参数(质量比、摩擦系数、滑道半径)不同取值下上部结构的绝对加速度、侧向位移和基底水平滑移反应谱。结果表明：摩擦摆系统对刚度较大的上部结构具有良好的隔震效果。摩擦系数对上部结构的加速度反应、层间水平侧移和系统滑移均有较大的影响，质量比的影响次之．而滑道半径仅对系统滑移有较为显著的作用。     

形状记忆合金超弹性阻尼性能的试验研究

本文分析了形状记忆合金（SMA）超弹性阻尼减振的机理，通过试验研究了温度、加载频率、循环次数及预变形等因素对SMA超弹性阻尼的影响。研究结果表明，利用SMA的超弹性阻尼特性可以研制出性能良好的耗能减振装置，在工程结构振动控制方面具有比较好的应用前景。     

大跨双槽渡槽横向地震响应分析

针对大型渡槽槽身采用薄壁结构的特点,提出大型双槽截面渡槽横向地震响应分析模型。渡槽槽身采用薄壁梁段单元模型,该单元可以考虑渡槽槽身弯曲、自由扭转、约束扭转以及弯曲扭转耦合振动等结构自身特性;渡槽支架采用普通梁单元模拟,渡槽与支架连接所用的盆式橡胶支座,可用集中弹簧模拟。文中采用4种典型地震动计算了双洎河大型渡槽的横向地震响应,给出了该大型渡槽关键部位的地震响应最大值,所得结果可为该大型渡槽抗震设计提供参考。     

浙江岛屿深井地震台防雷接地系统设计

针对当前岛屿深井地震台设备容易遭雷击及维修不便等问题,通过对雷电入侵台站设备的途径分析,依据现有防雷技术规范和相关理论,对观测房和井口防雷接地采用法拉第笼结构预防雷击,加强接地等电位连接,规范各种线路布设,综合多级雷电防护措施,使岛屿深井地震台站稳定可靠运行。     

Loading protocols for experimental seismic qualification of members in conventional and emerging steel frames

Quasi-static testing is one of the most commonly used experimental methods for examining the seismic performance of structural members. However, consistent loading protocols for experimental seismic qualification of members in emerging steel frames such as self-centering braced frames (SCBFs) as well as in some conventional ones including buckling-restrained braced frames (BRBFs) are still lacking. This paper aims to propose standardized loading protocols based on time-history dynamic analysis on a series of prototype building frames, including steel SCBFs, BRBFs, and moment-resisting frames (MRFs), where both far-field and near-fault earthquakes are considered. The methodology for the development of the loading protocols involves ground motion selection and scaling, design and analysis of prototype buildings, analysis results processing, and rainflow cycle counting, together with extra justification steps. The proposed loading protocols are consistently derived based on the MCE-level seismic hazard and 84^th percentile values of key seismic demand parameters. These parameters are number of damaging cycles N_t, maximum inter-story drift θ_max, inter-story drift range Δθ_i, sum of inter-story drift range ΣΔθ_i, and residual inter-story drift θ_r. The analysis confirms the variations in these seismic demands imposed on the different structural systems under different types of ground motions, highlighting the necessity of developing separate loading protocols for the different cases. The assumptions, decisions, and judgments made during the development of the loading protocols are elaborated, and the conditions and restrictions are outlined. The rationality of the proposed loading protocols is further justified through demonstrating the cumulative distribution function and energy dissipation demand of the systems.     

桩-土-结构相互作用弹塑性地震反应分析

采用动力有限元时程分析方法，以多高层框架结构为对象，研究了水平地震作用下桩-土-结构相互作用时上部结构弹塑性动力特性和规律。结果表明，弹塑性分析和弹性分析引起的结果有较大的差异；考虑弹塑性相互作用后柱的剪力、轴力和弯矩在不同的楼层有放大现象，按折减方法来考虑相互作用并非总是安全的，柱的剪力、轴力、弯矩和等效应力的折减系数沿楼层变化曲线不尽相同，应引起注意。     

离散单元法在框架结构地震反应分析中的应用

将离散单元法应用于框架结构的地震反应分析,并建立了框架结构的离散单元计算模型。在数值求解过程中,本文采用同步动态松弛法确立与求解结构单元平衡关系,避免了动态松弛法由于路径相关性所造成的误差。本文编制了框架结构地震反应时程分析程序,并以一实际结构为例,进行了时程分析。算例表明,本文所提出的方法简单、有效,为工程结构地震反应分析提供了新的思路与方法。     

水平成层场地地震反应非线性分析

本文首先推导了李小军积分格式(中心差分与Newmark平均加速度法相结合)的增量形式,并据此离散动力平衡方程,同时,采用Pyke提出的土动力本构模型以及多次透射人工边界条件,提出了一种水平成层场地地震反应非线性分析的显式有限元方法,并据此编制了计算机程序。数值实验表明,这种方法能较好地模拟土层在强地震作用下的非线性特性。     

渭惠渠跨越管道地震动响应分析

主要利用ANSYS有限元分析软件，建立了跨越管道有限元数值分析模型，对其动特性进行了分析，得到了其振型和频率。通过输入地震波，对不同场地不同地震烈度下的地震响应进行了有限元数值仿真计算，得到了在不同地震作用下管道的地震动响应，为管道的抗震设计提供理论依据。     

Hybrid seismic protection of cable‐stayed bridges

This paper proposes a hybrid control strategy combining passive and semi‐active control systems for seismic protection of cable‐stayed bridges. The efficacy of this control strategy is verified by examining the ASCE first‐generation benchmark problem for a seismically excited cable‐stayed bridge, which employs a three‐dimensional linearized evaluation bridge model as a testbed structure. Herein, conventional lead–rubber bearings are introduced as base isolation devices, and semi‐active dampers (e.g., variable orifice damper, controllable fluid damper, etc.) are considered as supplemental damping devices. For the semi‐active dampers, a clipped‐optimal control algorithm, shown to perform well in previous studies involving controllable dampers, is considered. Because the semi‐active damper is a controllable energy‐dissipation device that cannot add mechanical energy to the structural system, the proposed hybrid control strategy is fail‐safe in that the bounded‐input, bounded‐output stability of the controlled structure is guaranteed. Numerical simulation results show that the performance of the proposed hybrid control strategy is quite effective in protecting seismically excited cable‐stayed bridges. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

地铁隧道地震反应非线性分析

本文对动力有限元法中的一系列问题进行了讨论,对土体动力本构模型和土-结构接触面模型的设定提出了建议．在此基础上以天津地铁1、2号线工程为实例,分别对水平地震作用下圆形盾构隧道的动位移、动应力与动应变以及地表位移等动力反应进行了非线性分析,得出了一些有益的规律和结论,从而为地铁隧道的抗震设计与研究提供参考和依据。     

Design,test and analysis of a light‐weight dissipative bracing system for seismic protection of structures

The paper deals with the proposal and the experimental validation of a novel dissipative bracing system for the seismic protection of structures; compared with other similar systems, it is characterized by smaller size and weight, which makes it easier to move and to install, as well as particularly suitable to be inserted in light‐framed structures (e.g. steel structures of industrial plants). The proposed system consists of an articulated quadrilateral with steel dissipaters inserted, to be connected by tendons to frame joints; the prototypes have been designed and realized for the seismic protection of a two‐storey, large‐scale, steel frame, specially designed for shaking‐table tests. The paper, after an illustration of the system, and of its design and behaviour, presents the shaking‐table tests carried out. The experimental results have fully validated the proposed system, showing its good performance in controlling the seismic response of framed structures. A numerical non‐linear model, set up and validated on the basis of the physical tests, has been used to help interpreting the experimental results, but also to perform parametrical studies for investigating the influence of the design parameters on the performance of the control system. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The damped cable system for seismic protection of frame structures — Part II: Design and application

The complementary sections of the studies carried out on the damped cable system, whose experimental and numerical characterization and assessment analyses are described in the companion paper, are presented herein. The first section includes a criterion for a preliminary evaluation of the section area of cables, the second branch stiffness of spring‐dampers and the mutual installation preload, and suggestions for a simplified nonlinear dynamic computation of the damping coefficient of dissipaters. A second section follows, aimed at evaluating the influence of cable layout on damped cable system performance. A numerical enquiry is developed on a four‐story and an eight‐story RC plane frame, to assess their seismic response for several shapes of cables, and determine what geometrical configurations are the best performing ones. In the third section, a demonstrative application of the protective system, represented by the seismic retrofit of a hospital building with RC structure, is offered. The characteristics of the system designed for this case study, including locations, dimensions, layouts, and technical installation details of cables and spring‐dampers, are illustrated, and the improvement of seismic performance as compared with the original conditions, is finally assessed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.