基于模式识别的模糊半主动控制策略

本文针对半主动控制提出了一种基于模式识别的模糊半主动控制算法,根据被控结构（层）位移及速度及它们相应的组合构成的特征向量,来划分动态模式,然后,区分不同的动态模式采用不同的模糊控制策略。且通过数值模拟,进行了其与符号控制律（半主动控制常用）以及被动控制的控制效能对比分析。     

Renovated controller designed by genetic algorithms

A novel smart control system based on genetic algorithms (GAs) is proposed in this paper. The system is comprised of three parts: the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor‐based sensing network for structural health monitoring, the GA‐based location optimizer for sensor arrangement, and the GA‐based controller for vibration mitigation under external excitation. To evaluate the performance of the proposed system, an eight‐story steel structure was designed specifically to represent a structure with large degrees of freedom. In total 16 FBG sensors were deployed on the structure to implement the concept of a reliable sensing network, and to allow the structure to be monitored precisely under any loading. The advantage of applying a large amount of information from the sensing system is proven theoretically by the GA‐based location optimizer. This result greatly supports the recent tendency of distributing sensors around the structure. Two intuitive GA‐based controllers are then proposed and demonstrated numerically. It is shown that the structure can be controlled more effectively by the proposed GA‐strain controller than by the GA‐acceleration controller, which represents the traditional control method. A shaking table test was carried out to examine the entire system. Experimental verification has demonstrated the feasibility of using this system in practice. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

分散滑移模态控制法在高层建筑结构抗震中的应用

分散控制与集中控制策略相比可以提高结构控制系统的可靠性。文中将分散控制和滑移模态控制算法原理相结合,导出分散滑移模态控制(decentralized sliding mode control,DSMC)算法并应用于高层结构振动控制中。该方法是将结构分解为若干个子结构,分别进行滑移模态控制。文中以某20层钢结构Benchmark模型为例,分别进行3个子结构与4个子结构的分散控制数值计算,与线性二次型最优控制(Linear quadratic optimal control,LQR)效果相比,DSMC算法可以有效地抑制结构位移和加速度反应。     

Improved design of sliding mode control for civil structures with saturation problem

A systematic and improved design procedure for sliding mode control (SMC) of seismically excited civil structures with saturation problem is provided in this paper. In order to restrict the control force to a certain level, a procedure for determining the upper limits of the control forces for single or multiple control units is proposed based on the design response spectrum of external loads. Further, an efficient procedure using the LQR method for determining sliding surfaces appropriate for different controller types is provided through the parametric evaluation of the dynamic characteristics of sliding surfaces in terms of SMC controller performance. Finally, a systematic design procedure for SMC required to achieve a given performance level is provided and its effectiveness is verified by applying it to multi‐degree‐of‐freedom (MDOF) systems. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Sliding mode fuzzy control: Theory and verification on a benchmark structure

A sliding mode fuzzy control (SMFC) algorithm is presented for vibration reduction of large structures. The rule base of the fuzzy inference engine is constructed based on the sliding mode control, which is one of the non‐linear control algorithms. In general, fuzziness of the controller makes the control system robust against the uncertainties in the system parameters and the input excitation, and the non‐linearity of the control rule makes the controller more effective than linear controllers. For verification of the present algorithm, a numerical study is carried out on the benchmark problem initiated by the ASCE Committee on Structural Control. To achieve a high level of realism, various aspects are considered such as actuator–structure interaction, sensor noise, actuator time delay, precision of the A/D and D/A converters, magnitude of control force, and order of control model. Performance of the SMFC is examined in comparison with those of other control algorithms such as H_{mixed 2/∞}, optimal polynomial control, neural networks control, and SMC, which were reported by other researchers. The results indicate that the present SMFC is efficient and attractive, since the vibration responses of the structure can be reduced very effectively and the design procedure is simple and convenient. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于神经网络的滑移隔震结构智能半主动控制

考虑上部结构的刚度和阻尼,使用神经网络控制算法计算基底摩擦力的大小,研究了滑移隔震结构的半主动控制。对计算实例的分析表明,通过半主动控制的滑移隔震结构不但具有较好的隔震效果,且能有效地减小基底的最大滑移量及残余位移。为对比各种控制方法的控制效果,文中还利用Bang-Bang控制和瞬时最优控制算法对滑移隔震结构进行了半主动控制。对比分析表明,基于神经网络控制算法的控制效果优于其它控制算法,具有反馈量少,稳健性强等特点。     

半主动TLCD对固定式海洋平台的离散神经网络滑模控制

主要研究了半主动调液柱型阻尼器（TLCD）对固定式海洋平台的离散神经网络滑模变结构控制方法。首先建立了平台结构-TLCD控制系统微分方程及其离散化状态空间表达,然后阐述了基于神经网络的滑模变结构控制的基本算法和控制策略,最后应用该神经网络滑模变结构控制策略对一个已建成的实际海洋平台结构的TLCD半主动控制问题进行了数值仿真分析。仿真分析的结果证明了该方法的有效性。     

Multiscale island injection genetic algorithms for groundwater remediation

Genetic algorithms have been shown to be powerful tools for solving a wide variety of water resources optimization problems. Applying these approaches to complex, large-scale water resources applications can be difficult due to computational limitations, especially when a numerical model is needed to evaluate different solutions. This problem is particularly acute for solving field-scale groundwater remediation design problems, where fine spatial grids are often needed for accuracy. Finer grids usually improve the accuracy of the solutions, but they are also computationally expensive. In this paper we present multiscale island injection genetic algorithms (IIGAs), in which the optimization algorithms have different multiscale populations working on different islands (groups of processors) and periodically exchanging information. This new approach is tested using a field-scale pump-and-treat design problem at the Umatilla Army Depot in Oregon, USA. The performance of several variations of this approach is compared with the results of a simple genetic algorithm. The new approach found the same solution as much as 81% faster than the simple genetic algorithm and 9–53% faster than other previously formulated multiscale strategies. These findings indicate substantial promise for multiscale IIGA approaches to improve solution of complex water resources applications at the field scale.     

遗传算法在桥梁结构地震可靠性分析中的应用

本论文介绍和总结了目前桥梁结构可靠度问题的研究现状,建立了桥梁结构在随机地震荷载作用下可靠度分析的模型,讨论了桥梁结构在地震力作用下危险截面的选取问题,解决了功能函数的复杂性和难于求导的问题,利用遗传算法对桥梁结构进行了可靠性分析,并与JC算法进行了比较研究。最后,通过算例说明了本文方法的可行性和正确性,本方法可为桥梁结构地震可靠性分析和加固提供理论依据和参考意见。     

Sliding mode control of buildings with base‐isolation hybrid protective system

This paper investigates the application of the sliding mode control (SMC) strategies for reducing the dynamic responses of the building structures with base‐isolation hybrid protective system. It focuses on the use of reaching law method, a most attractive controller design approach of the SMC theory, for the development of control algorithms. By using the constant plus proportional rate reaching law and the power rate reaching law, two kinds of hybrid control methods are presented. The compound equation of motion of the base‐isolation hybrid building structures, which is suitable for numerical analysis, has been constructed. The simulation results are obtained for an eight‐storey shear building equipped with base‐isolation hybrid protective system under seismic excitations. It is observed that both the constant plus proportional rate reaching law and the power rate reaching law hybrid control method presented in this paper are quite effective. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于遗传算法的抗震结构智能优化设计

本文给出了基于损伤性能的抗震结构最小造价设计数学模型,并分析了其特点和难点,然后把优化的数学模型转化为人工进化模型,用遗传算法实现了抗震结构的智能优化设计。研究结果表明,遗传算法是实现结构智能设计的有效途径,具有广阔的应用前景。     

双向耦合地震作用下滑移隔震结构振动控制及其优化研究

目前,滑移隔震结构的分析通常只考虑水平地震动而不考虑竖向地震动的影响,有关多向地震动及其相关性的研究也很少。水平与竖向地面运动具有相关性,从而影响控制效果,因此对双向耦合地震作用下滑移隔震结构模型的理论进行研究,建立动力分析模型并得出运动微分方程。以6层滑移隔震结构为例,对其进行地震反应分析。研究表明,在考虑竖向地震作用的情况下,滑移隔震结构也具有良好的控制作用,但是竖向地震作用的存在使结构的地震反应有不同程度的增加,其增量随着竖向地震作用的增加而增加。因此,在高烈度地区的滑移隔震结构应该考虑竖向地震作用对结构的影响。建立滑移隔震装置的参数优化设计模型,采用IHGA程序对结构的重要参数进行优化设计。结果表明,滑移隔震结构在各种工况下的各项地震反应均得到更好的控制。     

Reaching law based sliding mode control for a frame structure under seismic load

Implementation of efficient vibration control schemes for seismically excited structures is becoming more and more important in recent years. In this study, the influence of different control schemes on the dynamic performance of a frame structure excited by El Centro wave, with an emphasis on reaching law based control strategies, is examined. Reaching law refers to the reachable problem and criteria for the sliding state of a control system. Three reaching laws are designed to present different sliding mode control strategies by incorporating a state space model that describes structural dynamic characteristics of a frame structure. Both intact and damaged structures are studied by using the aforementioned control strategies. The influence of different structural damage extents, control locations and reaching law based control methods are further investigated. The results show that the structure can be well controlled using the sliding mode strategy when the induced structural damage extent does not exceed the standard percentage for considering the structure was damaged, which is 20% reduction in structure stiffness, as reported in the literature. The control effectiveness is more satisfactory if the control location is the same as the direction of external excitation. Furthermore, to study the chattering phenomenon of the sliding mode control method, approximation and detail components extracted from the phase plots of the sliding mode control system are compared via wavelet transform at different scales. The results show that for the same type of control law, the system behaves with similar chattering phenomenon.     

关于-遗传算法收敛性的注记

遗传算法是一种受到广泛注意的全局优化算法,已经在包括地震工程的很多领域中获得应用.本文将结合这一算法的实际操作步骤,对简单遗传算法的不收敛性和包含最优个体保护策略的遗传算法的收敛性给出一个简要的证明.     

Direct use of design criteria in genetic algorithm‐based controller optimization

In this study, genetic algorithms are applied to design controllers for the wind‐excited vibration reduction of a 76‐story tall building in the second‐generation benchmark problem. Design criteria and constraints including the comfort requirement for building occupants and the control robustness are directly incorporated in the formulation and evaluation of the fitness and penalty function of the genetic algorithm‐based control design. The method is efficient in obtaining optimal design with multiple constraint conditions. Two controllers are designed with realistic constraints and different robustness criteria. The corresponding results are investigated and compared with LQG optimal control results. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Research on semi-active control method of a building structure based on non-smooth control

This study investigates the effectiveness of the non-smooth semi-active control algorithm on suppressing the vibration performance of a building structure subjected to seismic waves. According to the Lyapunov stability theory, it has bene proven that the non-smooth semi-active control algorithm can achieve a finite-time stability of the vibration relative to the isolation layer of a building structure. Through numerical simulation of two buildings with different parameters subjected to the input of a seismic wave, the vibration conditions of passive control, LQR semi-active control and non-smooth semiactive control are compared and analyzed. The simulation results show that the non-smooth semi-active control algorithm has a better robustness and effectiveness in restraining the impact of earthquakes on the structure.     

结构参数非匹配不确定性问题的滑动模态控制

本文针对结构参数非匹配不确定性问题,采用简化滑动模态控制方法．即在滑动面的没计中忽略非匹配不确定性的影响,对一个顶层放置AMD系统的五层弹塑性建筑结构进行了主动控制数值分析．考虑了结构层屈服位移的不确定,数值模拟结果表明,简化方法具有很强的鲁棒性,结构参数相对于期望值的变化幅度为-40％至40%时．简化方法均有很好的控制效果。     

屋盖MR智能隔震系统对升船结构顶部厂房地震鞭梢效应的模糊控制

基于抑制升船结构顶部厂房地震鞭梢效应的目的，本文提出了升船结构顶部厂房屋盖MR智能隔震模糊控制的思想。文中，在建立屋盖智能隔震升船结构计算力学模型的基础上，建立了屋盖MR智能隔震系统对升船结构顶部厂房地震反应模糊控制的设计计算方法。文中并以中国某大坝巨型升船结构为背景，设计了屋盖MR智能隔震系统对升船结构顶部厂房地震反应模糊控制的控制系统。仿真分析和对MR阻尼器的参数研究表明，安装合适的屋盖MR智能隔震系统并采用模糊控制策略能有效地抑制具有不确定参数升船结构顶部厂房地震反应的鞭梢效应，且模糊控制器能保持较好的稳定性能。     

结构振动的模糊建模与模糊控制规则提取

模糊振动控制中存在的模糊控制规则的建立大都依赖于主观经验的现状。对此本文提出了一种通过对结构振动模糊建模来产生控制规则的方法。首先，通过对系统运动状态变量的模糊化，建立结构振动的模糊关系模型；其次通过对结构振动的模糊关系模型的分析，提取出模糊控制规则；最后，通过一个单自由度体系的数值仿真方法进行了验证。     

基于改进遗传算法的公路桥梁损伤程度标定的两阶段法

提出了基于改进遗传算法的公路桥梁损伤程度标定的两阶段法。第一阶段:应用静应变残差进行损伤定位;第二阶段:基于已经识别出的损伤位置,利用改进的遗传算法进行损伤程度的标定。两阶段方法有效地克服了同时进行常规的损伤位置识别和损伤程度的标定的收敛速度慢、存储空间大及可能误标定等问题。某三跨连续桥梁应用分析发现,在已知很少实测数据的情况下,对损伤程度的识别取得较理想的效果,证实了基于改进遗传算法的两阶段法用于损伤程度的识别具有更高的效率,更好的灵敏度、稳定性和可靠性。