测震台网业务交换平台

目前各级地震台网采用各自的交换协议及交换平台,尚未有统一的交换平台,这对业务系统及各级之间的信息交换极为不便。测震台网业务交换平台在各级台网间制定各类测震业务信息交换协议,为台站仪器参数基础数据、测震统一编目数据、地震预警、地震速报、地震烈度速报、台站仪器状态等信息提供了一个统一的信息交换、存储及监控平台。     

基于测震强震仪器健康状态数据的应用集成开发

首先介绍测震和强震仪器健康状态数据的集成方法,然后将方法应用于仪器健康状态分布式监视系统的服务器端设计,并通过综合应用Java EE、消息推送和WebGIS技术实现数据集成基础上的应用集成。系统具有功能实用、性能优异及界面友好的特点,在地震台网应用中有助于提高运维工作效率,同时可为测震强震台网业务系统的综合集成以及同类应用软件的开发提供典型示范。     

测震仪器数据访问中间件的设计与应用

分析几种地震数据采集器网络协议和数据格式,设计一种仪器数据访问中间件,为实现上位机应用程序与数采网络通信、多种数据流接收和发布,提供方法和工具。利用中间件开发测震仪器数据自动同步软件,实现地震台站参数和仪器健康状态的自动同步,在河北测震台网的成功应用证明了中间件的实用性。     

一种测震仪器数据流接入框架的设计与应用

为了满足对测震仪器的辅助性数据进行综合利用和交换共享的需要,通过分析地震数据采集器传输数据流的方式和特点,利用软件工程思想和面向对象的软件复用技术,建立了一种轻量级、可复用的应用框架,为面向测震仪器的数据接入程序设计提供了一种分布式、高性能、异步流水的体系结构。对框架的实现细节进行了详细阐述,并将框架成功应用于测震台站运行状态监视系统中,测试结果证明了框架的科学性、合理性和实用性,为框架的推广应用提供了典型示范。     

使用Ultra-NMS监控软件扩展测震仪器监控功能的方法

Ultra-NMS是中国地震局统一采购的监控和网管平台,通过开发测震数据LISS服务器接口,可以监控台站测震数据状态指标,丰富 Ultral-NMS 对测震仪器的监控功能,同时以动态监控方式将统计好的指标绘制在监控软件的视窗上,为实现测震运行异常监控提供了有效的判断方法。     

基于开源WebGIS的测震台站运维管理系统的设计与实现

本文介绍了一套测震台站运维管理系统的设计与实现。在研发过程中,使用开源的WebGIS服务器GeoServer和前端技术Openlayers,实现了测震台站WebGIS、在线式台站运维信息管理、台站仪器状态监视和台站故障统计功能,对测震台站运维管理工作提供软件支持。系统在河北测震台网的应用效果良好,具有一定的推广应用价值。     

测震站网仪器标定管理软件的研究与设计

为提高测震站网仪器标定管理的效率,研发一款仪器标定管理软件。该软件采用C++语言设计开发,主要包括用户管理、信息查询、标定结果录入、表格输出和后台数据库5个模块。该软件设计完成并应用到山西测震站网后,可优化原有的标定流程,缩短标定时间,提升了测震站网的标定效率,实现测震站网仪器标定信息的统一管理。     

一种测震仪器数据实时接入中间件设计与实现

分析了几种地震数据采集器的网络协议和数据格式,开发了一套独立的仪器数据访问中间件,为实现上位机应用程序与多种仪器的网络通信、各种数据流的统一接收、处理、发布和共享提供了方法和工具。将中间件应用于测震台站数据监控系统中,为运维人员对台站运行质量的跟踪和数据应用提供了方法和工具,为面向仪器的软件工程实施提供了典型示范。     

测震台站智能隔离防雷系统的设计与实现

介绍一种测震台站智能隔离防雷系统的设计实现。其电源部分设计为步进电机控制双电瓶交换充电、放电,保证设备与交流市电完全隔离;信号传输部分设计为通过无线局域网(WLAN)将测震信号传输到网关,再通过有线网络进行数据传输。此设计的优点是使测震核心设备与市电和外线完全物理隔离以达到最好的防雷效果。同时制作先进的NEMS传感器用于检测空间电磁场的变化,根据相应算法判断当地是否发生雷电,在附近有雷电发生时可控制断开信号线、市电等达到保护相关仪器的目的。     

基于移动平台的测震应急流动台现场监控系统的设计与实现

流动测震观测是在大地震发生以后开展的一项重要的地震应急响应工作,能够获得震区高质量的地震数据,而野外环境的复杂性对测震应急流动台的架设提出了较高的要求。本文通过对地震应急流动现场工作进行需求分析,设计并实现了一种基于IOS系统的测震应急流动台现场监控系统,能够让现场工作队员快速获取流动台数据和状态信息,有利于流动台的快速架设,提高了应急流动观测现场工作的效能。     

SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Distribution of throughfall and stemflow in multi‐strata agroforestry,perennial monoculture,fallow and primary forest in central Amazonia,Brazil

The partitioning of rain water into throughfall, stemflow and interception loss when passing through plant canopies depends on properties of the respective plant species, such as leaf area and branch angles. In heterogeneous vegetation, such as tropical forest or polycultural systems, the presence of different plant species may consequently result in a mosaic of situations with respect to quantity and quality of water inputs into the soil. As these processes influence not only the water availability for the plants, but also water infiltration and nutrient leaching, the understanding of plant effects on the repartitioning of rain water may help in the optimization of land use systems and management practices. We measured throughfall and stemflow in a perennial polyculture (multi‐strata agroforestry), monocultures of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) for fruit and for palmito, a monoculture of cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), spontaneous fallow and primary forest during one year in central Amazonia, Brazil. The effect on rain water partitioning was measured separately for four useful tree species in the polyculture and for two tree species in the primary forest. Throughfall at two stem distances, and stemflow, differed significantly between tree species, resulting in pronounced spatial patterns of water input into the soil in the polyculture system. For two tree species, peach palm for fruit (Bactris gasipaes) and Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa), the water input into the soil near the stem was significantly higher than the open‐area rainfall. This could lead to increased nutrient leaching when fertilizer is applied close to the stem of these trees. In the primary forest, such spatial patterns could also be detected, with significantly higher water input near a palm (Oenocarpus bacaba) than near a dicotyledonous tree species (Eschweilera sp.). Interception losses were 6·4% in the polyculture, 13·9 and 12·3% in the peach palm monocultures for fruit and for palmito, respectively, 0·5% in the cupuaçu monoculture and 3·1% in the fallow. With more than 20% of the open‐area rainfall, the highest stemflow contributions to the water input into the soil were measured in the palm monocultures and in the fallow. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Anthropogenic Eutrophication and Red Tide Outbreak in Lacustrine Systems of the Kashmir Himalaya

Red tide, a recurrent phenomenon has become conspicuous in several Kashmir lake ecosystems since 1991. The responsible organism (Euglena pedunculata), a rare flagellate rediscovered in the Kashmir Himalaya (Khan 1993) caused first and unprecedented red tide outbreak, constituting a maximum of 96% of resident numerical phytoplankton density in Dal Lake. At present, conflicting hypotheses exist on the generation of causal assemblage(s) imparting redness to waters: Jeeji Bai (1991) linked its origin to acid precipitation – a fallout of burning oil‐fields during the Gulf War – whilst Khan (1993) holds local factor(s) responsible. Field/experimental studies support the latter contention that the influx of untreated sewage, in unison with warm temperatures, high levels of PhAR, iron and interruption to hydrological flow‐pattern together with absence/or reduction in grazing activity created conducive environmental milieu for red tide outbreak. Dal Lake “red tide” drifted the bloom‐inoculum to other waters, including Lake Wular, where additional ecological niches were carved out, threatening the aesthetic value and biological diversity of Kashmir lakes. Ecological monitoring indicates frequent seasonal red tide occurrence in Dal Lake (including summer‐autumn event of 1998) which testifies its unabated eutrophication status. Further studies are needed on ecological adaptability and biogeographic distribution of this rare and unique red tide‐causing flagellate.