唐山断裂现代活动性研究

利用1984～2008年唐山台跨断层基线和水准数据,分时段研究断层的运动特征,计算出唐山断裂水平形变、垂直形变特征及断层活动速率。求解断层及周边地区的的应变特征和主应变方向,研究唐山断裂的活动特征。探讨唐山断裂活动与地震活动的关系。     

基于PS-InSAR的蓟运河断裂震间形变监测研究

采用2014年10月22日至2019年4月11日之间的26景Sentinel-1升轨数据,基于PS-InSAR技术对蓟运河断裂这一隐伏断裂进行形变监测试验。结果表明：(1)研究区受地面沉降干扰强烈地区在南部宁河一带,向北地面沉降逐步减弱,在蓟运河断裂北段以北一带基本无地面沉降现象。(2)研究区北部的视向线形变速率在蓟运河断裂北段一带在0 mm·a^-1左右,向北随远离断裂形变速率增大,表明研究区北部受近东西向燕山隆起控制,有向南掀斜运动的趋势。(3)蓟运河断裂北段活动方式为黏滑,其两盘的视线向相对形变速率差约为1.83 mm·a^-1,蓟运河断裂南段两盘形变速率差小于2.96 mm·a,与2005—2012年的水准测量结果相近,表明蓟运河断裂2005年以来活动速率较为稳定。(4)在受到地面沉降影响下,隐伏断裂的InSAR形变场包含更多的非构造信息,无法获取断裂的具体形变速率。但断裂活动会导致断裂两盘含水层厚度不同,地下水超采造成的地面沉降幅度也不同,相应的其InSAR形变场在断裂两盘出现突变,对隐伏断裂的位置判定有一定意义。     

基于跨断层水平形变资料的鲜水河断裂现今活动分析

利用2000—2018年鲜水河断裂基线、蠕变资料,将场地缩放到统一尺度,分析不同资料反映的断裂活动特征,探讨断层活动与周边地震活动的关系。结果显示:(1)跨断层近场水平形变资料表明鲜水河断裂活动具有明显分段性,按照断层活动速率大致分为北西段、中段和南东段,与地质上分段方式有一定差异;(2)跨断层近场水平形变资料能不同程度显示出偏离正常背景的活动变化,捕捉到附近中强地震前兆信息和震后调整变化,为地震危险性判定提供重要参考;(3)基线和蠕变反映的断层活动存在差异,基线活动明显高于蠕变,基线走滑速率为0.30～2.05 mm/a,张压速率为0.47～1.21 mm/a,蠕变走滑速率为0.14～0.62 mm/a,张压速率为0.12～0.29 mm/a;(4)蠕变和基线均显示研究区内的鲜水河断裂以左旋走滑活动为主,北西段和中段活动强于南东段,基线资料显示2017年芦山M_S7.0地震后张压活动总体加强。     

1996年丽江MS7.0地震的断层活动位移协调比分析

丽江流动跨断层形变观测场地(下文简称丽江场地)位于丽江市古城北象山脚下,跨洱源—鹤庆断裂(中生代形成的逆走滑活动断层),观测点位均为基岩点,观测环境良好,周围无明显干扰.该场地于1982年2月开始观测,观测周期1—2个月,资料较连续、稳定.依据断层活动位移协调比概念,对丽江场地观测资料进行精细化处理,计算该场地协调比序列,分析判断1996年2月3日丽江MS 7.0地震及7月2日丽江MS 5.2较强余震发生前的异常现象是否为短临形变前兆异常.     

丽江7.0级地震前形变场动态演化与孕震信息提取研究

本文用分段速率整体动态平差法，处理了滇西水准监测网８０年代以来的水准复测资料，并进行了形变速率多面函数拟合和垂直形变场信息分离。研究了１９９６年２月３日发生于滇西水准监测网北部的丽江７０级地震前，形变场动态演化和信息分离得到的垂直形变剪切变形、扩张变形、体积变化及准加速度等信息指标分布变化特征。结果表明：８０年代中前期，在滇西的丽江、永胜及其附近地区出现的大规模形变速率高梯度带和信息指标高值分布所反映的剧烈垂直差异运动，是丽江７０级地震前１０余年孕震应变能开始快速积累的显示；而１９８５～１９９２年形变场趋势转折与垂直差异运动显著减弱，可能意味着孕震能量积累到一定程度后，孕震区处于相对闭锁阶段。在此基础上，结合丽江７０级地震前区域地震活动分析和不同地区强震孕震形变对比，进一步研究了强震前形变场非均匀态特征和孕震信息的识别提取，得出了一些用大地形变进行强震中期预测的有益结果。     

天宝VX空间测距仪在构造形变微地貌测量中的应用——以甘孜—玉树断裂邓柯段为例

如何获取构造形变微地貌所蕴含的定量参数,对于研究活动断裂、地震地表破裂带特征来说是至关重要的.甘孜—玉树断裂是广义鲜水河断裂带向北西延伸的羽列孳生断裂,具有新活动性.活动断裂新构造活动微地貌响应是研究构造形变微地貌的最佳对象之一.近年来,一些高精度仪器已经广泛应用于构造形变微地貌的测量中.天宝VX空间测距仪是一款集成了先进的光学测量技术、量测成像技术和3D扫描技术并能捕捉扫描数据、成像数据和测量数据,并把这些数据融合一体可执行所有任务的测量仪器.本文结合甘孜—玉树断裂邓柯段的构造形变微地貌特征,系统介绍天宝VX空间测距仪获取该段活动断裂的定量化形变参数,这些参数对我们深入了解甘孜—玉树断裂邓柯段活动性质有着重要的意义,并对天宝VX空间测距仪在构造形变微地貌测量中的应用提供了重要的参考资料.     

滇西地区现今垂直形变演化特征

通过对滇西地区1981～1992年、1992～2001两个时段的垂直形变场演化分析,认为：1981～1992年是滇西地区垂直差异运动最为剧烈的时期。就活动区域而言,主要在红河断裂以东,一个是滇西北裂陷区(其内部仍存在差异性,丽江-小金河断裂活动要强于程海断裂);另一个地区就是滇中地块的的姚安、大姚、永仁以及会理地区。1992～2001年滇西地区垂直差异运动明显减弱,但红河断裂以西的隆起区活动有一定程度增强。最后,结合滇西地区的地震活动、动力背景进行了综合分析,对造成这两个时段形变差异的原因进行了探讨。     

利用GPS数据估算川滇南部地震(M_S≥6.5)平均复发间隔

利用川滇南部GPS站点速度资料,采用Kriging插值和有限单元中形函数(拉格朗日差值函数)求导原则,计算了川滇南部主应变速率.在此基础上,引入Kostrov地震矩率计算方法,由主应变速率求得了研究区的地震矩率,进而借助于Ward地震平均复发间隔公式计算了研究区地震(MS≥6.5)平均复发间隔.计算结果表明,川滇南部不同震级档地震复发间隔空间分布总体上与区内主要活动断裂展布基本吻合;地震复发间隔低值区主要分布在地震活动水平和滑动速率较高的安宁河—则木河—小江断裂带、丽江—小金河断裂西南段、红河断裂西北段.所得的结果与利用历史地震资料获得的结果基本一致.该方法对于历史地震资料缺乏或不完整地区和活动断层定量研究程度较低的地区有着潜在的应用价值.     

茅山断裂带南段的平均位移速率

定量计算活动断裂带的平均位移速率,以此服务于活动断裂与地震关系的研究,已在国内外广为应用。强祖基、张立人(1980)在利用断裂带平均位移速率对华北主要活动断裂进行分级的研究中认为,用于度量断裂活动的平均位移速率不仅与地震强度(震级)有关,同时也与地震频度(周期)有关[6]。 茅山带近几年连续发生三次地震,特别是两次中强地震原地复重,这对于中强地震频度不高的苏南茅山地区是罕见的。本文试图根据该断裂带地质、考古、地壳形变、历     

2013年甘肃岷县漳县MS6.6地震跨断层形变异常研究

通过对2013甘肃岷县漳县交界发生MS6.6强震的发震构造区在地震前后跨断层形变研究发现:四店、麻界滩和毛羽沟场在震前出现形变异常,3个场地临震单期形变是往期平均值的2～7倍;3个场地震前形变异常持续时间不超过4个月,震后4个月除毛羽沟场地外其余场地基本恢复到往期平均水平;四店场地临震形变△V(5.5 mm)约是麻界滩和毛羽沟的2倍,产生这种形变差异的原因可能是由于岷县地震主要动力来源是西秦岭北缘断裂的活动产生,因此主断裂上的形变异常大于分支断裂;临潭—宕昌断裂具有差异性活动特征,断裂中东段活动性强于西段,岷县漳县地震的复发周期约为(220±40)a,震级为6～6.6级.     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Aims And Scope

正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and     

Foreword

Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States.     

WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION RESEARCH(WASER)

正President:Giampaolo Di Silvio,Italy Vice Presidents:Ulrich C.E.Zanke,Germany Zhao-yin Wang,China The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER),inaugurated on Oct.19,2004,is an independent non-governmental,non-profit organization.The mission of WASER is to promote international co-operation on the study     

Enhancing remote sensing research on global change to improve our understanding on Earth system processes

正Global Change includes climate change and other environmental changes caused by the joint interaction among various layers of Earth. From the positive side, global change provides new opportunities to human and other living forms on Earth. In the meantime, it creates tremendous challenges and negative impact. At present, the negative impacts have reached all primary processes of the global ecosystem and every aspect of human society, especially causing degradation of the ecosystem. For instance, intensive deforestation causes decline of biodiversity; global warming causes sea level rise and increases     

Dissolved Carbohydrate Concentration,Composition, and Bioavailability to Microbial Heterotrophs in Stream Water

Dissolved total carbohydrates (DTCH), dissolved free monosaccharides (DFMS), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), biodegradable DOC (BDOC), and humic substances (HS) were measured in White Clay Creek (WCC), a stream in southeastern Pennsylvania Piedmont, USA. Samples were collected over different seasons and under baseflow and stormflow conditions. DOC concentrations ranged from 1.0 to 12.8 mg/L C with the highest concentrations associated with stormflows. Carbohydrates ranged from 0.42 to 12.4 μM and accounted for 2.9 to 12.7% of the DOC. Humic substances represented the major DOC fraction, accounting for 55 to 72% of the DOC pool under all flow conditions. The humic fraction had a lower carbohydrate content (4.4%) than the non-humic fraction of DOC (7.2%). Stormflow DOC was enriched in carbohydrates relative to baseflow DOC, but the percentage of humic-C changed little. Carbohydrates were primarily present as dissolved polysaccharides (55%), but a significant fraction was bound to humic substances (40%), while a small proportion was present as monosaccharides (5%). The major monosaccharides in stream water, listed in order of decreasing concentration, included glucose, galactose, rhamnose, xylose, arabinose, mannose, and fucose. On average (30.6 ± 7.4)% (n = 44) of the stream water DOC was biodegradable, and carbohydrates accounted for 9.9 to 17.7% of the BDOC.