线性系统在非平稳随机激励下的响应

本文通过广义复模态理论把动力学方程降阶,使系统的脉冲响应函数和传递函数具有简单的形式,在此基础上讨论了一般线性系统在演变非平稳随机激励下响应计算的频域法和时域法。通过算例对频域法和时域法进行了比较,并对单自由度体系演变非平稳响应的谱矩进行了研究。     

钢框架基于复模态随机反应分析的抗震可靠度研究

首次将复模态法应用于钢框架结构的随机地震反应分析中,通过算例对钢框架结构在平稳地震激励下的抗震可靠度进行了计算分析。同时,提出了钢框架在非平稳地震激励下的反应统计量的求解方法。研究表明,钢框架结构在非平稳地震激励下的随机反应分析,可以利用扩阶的方法来进行,将求解结构非平稳随机响应转化为求解扩阶系统在均匀调制白噪声激励下的响应。采用复模态分析法可较方便地求解出结构在非平稳地震激励下弹性随机反应的协方差函数及均方差的解析表达式。     

基础隔震耗能结构基于Kanai-Tajimi谱的随机响应简明解法研究

针对在Kanai-Tajimi谱激励下设置广义Maxwell阻尼器的多自由度基础隔震耗能结构进行响应分析比较复杂的问题，提出一种求解响应的简明解法。首先，联立广义Maxwell阻尼器本构方程与原结构运动方程，重构结构运动方程；其次，利用复模态法将运动方程解耦获得了系列响应的特征值以及复模态参与系数，进而获得结构系列响应的统一表达式；最后，计算激励功率谱与响应功率谱的二次正交式，获得了结构响应0～2阶谱矩及方差的简明解析解。算例计算了一多自由度结构响应的方差及0～2阶谱矩，将计算结果与虚拟激励法进行比较，证明本文所提方法的正确性，同时具有更高的计算效率。     

组合体结构随机地震动响应的简明解法

在两相邻结构间设置耗能阻尼器能有效降低结构在地震作用下的响应,文中对相邻建筑结构设置Maxwell型阻尼器而形成组合体的结构地震动响应进行了研究。频域法中,结构响应功率谱表示为频率响应特征函数模值平方项(称之为频率响应特征值函数)与随机激励功率谱的乘积,文中提出了响应功率谱二次正交化法并获得了结构系列响应(绝对位移与层间位移)0～2阶谱矩及方差的简明封闭解。首先,综合复模态法与虚拟激励法提出了组合体结构频率响应特征值函数的二次正交式;其次,运用留数定律给出胡聿贤地震谱的二次正交式,由此求解出组合体结构响应功率谱密度函数的二次正交式;最后,得到了组合体结构系列响应0～2阶谱矩及方差的简明封闭解。通过算例验证了所提方法的正确性,并验证了相邻结构间设置连接阻尼器具有良好的减震性能。     

基于等效复阻尼理论的模态叠加法

依据对偶原则,频率相关黏性阻尼是复阻尼在实数域中的表达形式,可作为一种等效复阻尼,且具有稳定性和每一循环消耗能量与激励频率无关的优点。将地震波的卓越频率作为激励频率,结合短时傅里叶变换,提出了单一材料结构频率相关黏性阻尼的模态叠加法;对于不同材料阻尼特性混合结构的频率相关黏性阻尼,利用最小二乘法拟合Caughey阻尼矩阵,以近似模拟频率相关黏性阻尼矩阵,提出了Caughey阻尼理论模态叠加法,成果实现了单一材料和混合材料结构等效复阻尼运动方程的模态叠加法,为基于复阻尼理论的结构振型分解反应谱法提供理论依据。     

基于复阻尼理论的混合结构Rayleigh阻尼模型

混合结构的阻尼矩阵不满足经典阻尼条件,导致传统的模态叠加法无法适用。复阻尼理论无法适用于时域计算,其自由振动响应中存在发散现象。针对混合结构的阻尼矩阵非比例性和复阻尼理论的时域发散性,基于频域等效原则构建了求解Rayleigh阻尼系数的数学优化模型,进而得到与复阻尼理论等效的Rayleigh阻尼运动方程。算例分析表明:依据位移时程响应和结构等效阻尼比可证明Rayleigh阻尼运动方程的正确性。基于本文研究成果,等效复阻尼理论的混合结构Rayleigh阻尼运动方程可直接采用模态叠加法,结合其确定的结构等效阻尼比,为混合结构的振型分解反应谱法提供理论依据。     

基于复振型分解的多自由度非线性体系动力可靠性研究

提出了基于复模态理论的多自由度非线性体系动力可靠性分析方法。该方法首先采用等效线性化的方法处理体系的非线性问题,然后采用复模态分析处理非经典的等效线性阻尼矩阵,将具有非经典阻尼的等效多自由度线性体系按复振型分解,将多自由度体系的随机反应分解为一系列一阶体系的复模态反应,从而求得体系的随机反应,最后进行体系的动力可靠度计算。通过算例验证,表明该方法概念明确、思路清晰,为一般多自由度非线性体系提供了一个普遍适用的动力可靠性分析方法。     

大跨度钢桁架转换层结构的竖向地震反应分析

对某一带钢桁架转换层的复杂高层结构进行了有限元建模,分别采用振型分解反应谱法、时程分析法和《建筑抗震设计规范》(GB50011-2001)的设计反应谱法对大跨高位钢桁架转换层结构的竖向地震响应进行了分析.对采用振型分解反应谱法计算此类结构响应时所要选取的振型数及振型组合方法进行了探讨,并对规范采用10％的重力荷载代表值...     

重力固体潮IMF循环平稳分析的初步结果

周挚(2004)对重力固体潮的研究表明,EMD分解后的重力固体潮IMF(本征模态函数)在信号特征方面与循环平稳信号非常接近.基于上述研究结果,本文采用循环平稳分析方法,进一步对重力固体潮IMF进行计算和分析.循环平稳分析指标主要包括一阶循环均值和二阶循环自相关函数.首先建立调频调幅信号模型:     

高速铁路客站模态特征分析与阻尼模型的注记

针对"房桥合一"高速铁路客站质量、刚度分布严重不均匀、不同阻尼比构件繁多等特点,对其模态特征和用于时程法阻尼模型的确定进行了研究。通过位能加权激励原理和位能公式的阐述、天津西站II区的模态分析与振型分解时程法的应用,并以此为标准进行了5种不同瑞利阻尼比例系数时程法的响应比较。结果表明:位能加权法激励为各模态的振型响应,求得阻尼为振型阻尼,结构模态质量累计数突变发生在第9阶,选择第1,9阶振型确定的瑞利阻尼比例系数较合理。振型分解时程法的振型阻尼可基于振型响应的位能加权法确定,直接时程法的瑞利阻尼宜选择第1阶与模态质量累计数发生突变的振型来确定,可供结构设计与分析参考。     

SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Distribution of throughfall and stemflow in multi‐strata agroforestry,perennial monoculture,fallow and primary forest in central Amazonia,Brazil

The partitioning of rain water into throughfall, stemflow and interception loss when passing through plant canopies depends on properties of the respective plant species, such as leaf area and branch angles. In heterogeneous vegetation, such as tropical forest or polycultural systems, the presence of different plant species may consequently result in a mosaic of situations with respect to quantity and quality of water inputs into the soil. As these processes influence not only the water availability for the plants, but also water infiltration and nutrient leaching, the understanding of plant effects on the repartitioning of rain water may help in the optimization of land use systems and management practices. We measured throughfall and stemflow in a perennial polyculture (multi‐strata agroforestry), monocultures of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) for fruit and for palmito, a monoculture of cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), spontaneous fallow and primary forest during one year in central Amazonia, Brazil. The effect on rain water partitioning was measured separately for four useful tree species in the polyculture and for two tree species in the primary forest. Throughfall at two stem distances, and stemflow, differed significantly between tree species, resulting in pronounced spatial patterns of water input into the soil in the polyculture system. For two tree species, peach palm for fruit (Bactris gasipaes) and Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa), the water input into the soil near the stem was significantly higher than the open‐area rainfall. This could lead to increased nutrient leaching when fertilizer is applied close to the stem of these trees. In the primary forest, such spatial patterns could also be detected, with significantly higher water input near a palm (Oenocarpus bacaba) than near a dicotyledonous tree species (Eschweilera sp.). Interception losses were 6·4% in the polyculture, 13·9 and 12·3% in the peach palm monocultures for fruit and for palmito, respectively, 0·5% in the cupuaçu monoculture and 3·1% in the fallow. With more than 20% of the open‐area rainfall, the highest stemflow contributions to the water input into the soil were measured in the palm monocultures and in the fallow. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Anthropogenic Eutrophication and Red Tide Outbreak in Lacustrine Systems of the Kashmir Himalaya

Red tide, a recurrent phenomenon has become conspicuous in several Kashmir lake ecosystems since 1991. The responsible organism (Euglena pedunculata), a rare flagellate rediscovered in the Kashmir Himalaya (Khan 1993) caused first and unprecedented red tide outbreak, constituting a maximum of 96% of resident numerical phytoplankton density in Dal Lake. At present, conflicting hypotheses exist on the generation of causal assemblage(s) imparting redness to waters: Jeeji Bai (1991) linked its origin to acid precipitation – a fallout of burning oil‐fields during the Gulf War – whilst Khan (1993) holds local factor(s) responsible. Field/experimental studies support the latter contention that the influx of untreated sewage, in unison with warm temperatures, high levels of PhAR, iron and interruption to hydrological flow‐pattern together with absence/or reduction in grazing activity created conducive environmental milieu for red tide outbreak. Dal Lake “red tide” drifted the bloom‐inoculum to other waters, including Lake Wular, where additional ecological niches were carved out, threatening the aesthetic value and biological diversity of Kashmir lakes. Ecological monitoring indicates frequent seasonal red tide occurrence in Dal Lake (including summer‐autumn event of 1998) which testifies its unabated eutrophication status. Further studies are needed on ecological adaptability and biogeographic distribution of this rare and unique red tide‐causing flagellate.