Emergency Response to the MS7.0 Jiuzhaigou, Sichuan Earthquake, and Characteristics of Seismic Disasters in the Stricken Area in Gansu Province

This paper introduces the response process of the Gansu Earthquake Agency during the Jiuzhaigou M_S7.0 earthquake in Sichuan Province,including earthquake emergency disposal procedures, information reports, disaster investigation and intensity assessment, seismic monitoring and trend determination, and emergency dissemination.This paper reveals the characteristics of earthquake damage in the quake-hit areas of Gansu Province, draws some corresponding conclusions and summarizes the countermeasures for recovery and reconstruction in the quake-hit areas of Gansu Province.     

Intensity-frequency Estimation Based on Historical Seismic Intensity in the Yunnan Area

For earthquake disaster mitigation,we use historical records and more complete intensity investigation data from 1500 to 2015 to analyze and estimate the seismic intensity and frequency of the earthquake-prone areas in Yunnan. We digitized intensity observations and divided the Yunnan region into cell size of 0. 2°× 0. 2° to calculate the seismic intensity-frequency relationship for each cell. Combined with a repeated cycle of intensity of one hundred years and population economics data in Yunnan,we analyze future areas of concern. The results can provide a reference for earthquake hazardous area zoning.This method is based on historical earthquake data,reducing as much as possible the various hypotheses for the assessment,and thus can concisely reflect the different intensityfrequency distributions of the region.     

The Advances and Prospects of Research on Earthquake Engineering at IEM

This paper describes briefly the recent advances and acievements of the research projects conducted by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM) in the period of the Ninth Five-Year Plan(1995-2000) with the support of the China Seismological Bureau(CSB),These projects are related with key problems in the field of earthquake engineering.They are:development of the methods for determining earthquake resistant design load level,study on mechanisms of earthquake damage to buildings.development of new technology of base isolation,and study on earthquake damage prediction and seismic losss assessment methods.Through these studies,quite a number of problems have een solved and some of them have een applied in earthquake engineering design and practice.     

Epicenter and magnitude of large earthquake determined from high-rate GPS observations: A case study of the 2008 M8.0 Wenchuan earthquake

For earthquake and tsunami early warning and emergency response,the earthquake epicenter and magnitude should be determined rapidly and correctly.Using high-rate GPS observations,we can readily obtain precise and high resolution displacement time series and the seismic waveforms during the earthquake.In this paper,a new algorithm is proposed for estimating the earthquake epicenter and magnitude with the seismic waveforms derived from high-rate GPS data during the earthquake.A case study of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake is conducted from 1 Hz GPS data and the epicenter and magnitude are determined.Compared with the results issued by the China Seismological Bureau,the estimation error of the epicenter and the magnitude is about 12 km and 0.1 magnitude unit,respectively.It has shown that high-rate GPS could be a new tool feasible for estimating the earthquake epicenter and magnitude,independent of or combined with seismometers.     

Application and discussion of statistical seismology in probabilistic seismic hazard assessment studies

Earthquakes are one of the natural disasters that pose a major threat to human lives and property. Earthquake prediction propels the construction and development of modern seismology;however, current deterministic earthquake prediction is limited by numerous difficulties. Identifying the temporal and spatial statistical characteristics of earthquake occurrences and constructing earthquake risk statistical prediction models have become significant;particularly for evaluating earthquake risks and addressing seismic planning requirements such as the design of cities and lifeline projects based on the obtained insight. Since the 21 st century, the occurrence of a series of strong earthquakes represented by the Wenchuan M8 earthquake in 2008 in certain low-risk prediction areas has caused seismologists to reflect on traditional seismic hazard assessment globally. This article briefly reviews the development of statistical seismology, emphatically analyzes the research results and existing problems of statistical seismology in seismic hazard assessment, and discusses the direction of its development. The analysis shows that the seismic hazard assessment based on modern earthquake catalogues in most regions should be effective. Particularly, the application of seismic hazard assessment based on ETAS(epidemic type aftershock sequence)should be the easiest and most effective method for the compilation of seismic hazard maps in large urban agglomeration areas and low seismic hazard areas with thick sedimentary zones.     

The application of neural network to the analysis of earthquake precursor chaotic time series

IntroductionThere are some problems we often meet when we work for earthquake forecasting with theobservational data of earthquake precursor observation. Such items as the deformation of earth'scrust, underground fluid, geoelectricity and so on. These problems include that the ceasing workof the observational apparatus because of malfunction or accident in case of emergent ewthquakesituation will lose some imperative information and make it more difficult to evaluate futUreearthquake situation…     

Study on the method of optimal location on explosion events at near-source site

IntroductionEarthquake location is one of the inverse problems in seismology. The accurate earthquake source location is the basis of studies of earthquake images, the relation analysis between seismicity and tectonics, and the important parameters of earthquakes. It is also the basic data used to study the space distribution of aftershocks after a strong earthquake. The earthquake location accuracy mainly depends on reliability of the velocity models for the earth(s crust, the reasonable desi…     

Discussion of Some Problems in the Research into the Seismotectonics of Strong Earthquakes on the North China Plain

The tectonic characteristics and research problems of five earthquakes with M≥7.0 on the North China Plain over the last 300 years are addressed in the paper, including the cognition that there were no ground fractures in the 1966 Xingtai earthquake, the question caused by the thrust activity of the seismic fault of the Tangshan Earthquake and the discussion of the seismotectonic environment of the 1830 Cixian earthquake and the 1937 Heze earthquake. The author thinks that the main reason for the problems in research of strong earthquake tectonics in the region is that the status of activity of the main tectonics during the Late Quaternary are unknown. This affects the founding of discrimination criteria for seismotectonics of strong earthquakes on the North China Plain. Discriminating the Holocene active faults from the large number of faults is the most effective method for seismic hazard assessment in the area in future.     

Fast and accurate earthquake location within complex medium using a hybrid globallocal inversion approach

A novel hybrid approach for earthquake location is proposed which uses a combined coarse global search and fine local inversion with a minimum search routine,plus an examination of the root mean squares(RMS) error distribution.The method exploits the advantages of network ray tracing and robust formulation of the Fréchet derivatives to simultaneously update all possible initial source parameters around most local minima(including the global minimum) in the solution space,and finally to determine the likely global solution.Several synthetic examples involving a 3-D complex velocity model and a challenging source-receiver layout are used to demonstrate the capability of the newly-developed method.This new global-local hybrid solution technique not only incorporates the significant benefits of our recently published hypocenter determination procedure for multiple earthquake parameters,but also offers the attractive features of global optimal searching in the RMS travel time error distribution.Unlike the traditional global search method,for example,the Monte Carlo approach,where millions of tests have to be done to find the final global solution,the new method only conducts a matrix inversion type local search but does it multiple times simultaneously throughout the model volume to seek a global solution.The search is aided by inspection of the RMS error distribution.Benchmark tests against two popular approaches,the direct grid search method and the oct-tree important sampling method,indicate that the hybrid global-local inversion yields comparable location accuracy and is not sensitive to modest level of noise data,but more importantly it offers two-order of magnitude speed-up in computational effort.Such an improvement,combined with high accuracy,make it a promising hypocenter determination scheme in earthquake early warning,tsunami early warning,rapid hazard assessment and emergency response after strong earthquake occurrence.     

地震应急信息汇聚与发布平台构建

针对震后灾情获取缓慢且碎片化、决策支持不到位、灾情服务缺位等问题,探讨了地震应急信息汇聚与发布平台的设计与构建,运用大数据、云计算技术,汇聚破裂过程、快速评估、辅助决策等各类地震应急产出,实现了各类地震应急信息的自动汇集、全流程模型计算、综合展示等功能,在地震灾情决策支持及地震应急信息服务中发挥了重要作用。     

基于Android移动终端的北京市本地化地震应急工作平台实现与应用

利用京津冀基础地理数据、本地化地震灾害快速评估模型、本地化辅助决策模版和离线快速评估与应急制图等技术,实现了支持Web页面与移动端的北京市本地化地震应急工作平台。面向远程应急和移动办公需求,实现了基于Android移动终端的地震快速触发、灾害快速评估、辅助决策、信息自动推送、应急指挥调度、日常运维管理和综合信息查询等功能,在地震应急响应中,打破场所和时间限制,第一时间产出快速评估报告、辅助决策报告和应急专题图件,为北京市地震应急指挥决策提供科学高效的信息服务。平台自运行以来在多次地震应急处置中发挥了重要应用实效。     

地震应急评估与决策指标体系的构建

地震应急的损失评估与决策工作是地震应急救援的基础,需要在基础数据的支持下,对震害损失和决策目标相关信息进行科学的预估.然而,灾情评估中存在基础数据精度不够高、内容不足、没有一个成体系的、完整的工作标准可遵循等问题.本文从应急决策的需求出发,构建了地震应急评估与决策指标体系,试图利用数据指标化的方法解决上述问题.     

基于WebGIS的地震应急快速反应系统设计与实现

根据镇江地震地质情况及防震减灾工作实际,通过需求分析及系统整体设计,建立基于WebGIS的地震信息数据库管理系统。系统采用Oracle数据库、JavaScript语言、Tomcat网站服务器,开发了具有地方特色的地震应急处置快速反应系统,系统可实现震后快速评估、辅助决策、震后趋势分析、震后应急资料产出等功能。实际应用表明,该系统达到了低成本、高效率的预期目标。     

基于GIS的初评估方法在盈江5.8级及缅甸7.2级地震后的应用

在“3·10”盈江5.8级及“3·24”缅甸7.2级地震发生后,对比基于GIS的地震灾害损失初评估方法,在震后1小时内给出的云南灾区范围、灾区人口、灾害直接经济损失、人员伤亡、失去住所人数的初评估结果与地震现场评估结果,来验证该方法的可行性和实用性.通过对比分析,找出基于GIS的初评估方法存在的问题,并期望通过实际地震的检验,不断发现问题,并改进、完善该方法,使之能更好为震后的科学决策和快速应急响应服务.     

海南地震应急技术平台提升服务

海南地震应急技术平台是海南省地震应急技术联动服务工作支撑平台,在地震应急工作中发挥着快速评估和指挥调度的重要作用。本文着重分析海南地震应急技术平台提升建设的工作思路、技术设计等。2022年平台运行以来,海南省地震应急指挥中心与全省19个市（县）地震应急部门实现局域网内互联互通,数据传输和灾情上报,在实际工作中为各级地方政府部门提供高效联动一体化的指挥决策服务。     

基于GIS系统的城市震灾评估和救灾应急的研究

地震防灾减灾能力是国家的重点需求,针对当前城市抗震应急存在的灵活性差问题,在过去研究的基础上,将GIS系统应用至城市抗震救灾应急响应中,建立的GIS系统利用地震灾害评估模块、数据库管理模块、地震应急响应和指挥决策模块构成城市抗震救灾应急响应框架,完成城市GIS系统的应用分析。地震灾害评估模块中计算震害总体损失、经济损失和生命损失,实现地震灾害评估信息数据的精确性采集;数据库管理模块中的抗灾救灾应急响应数据库主要利用矢量数据、数字正射影像数据和其他专题数据构成,完成一致性访问各种类型数据,提高城市抗震救灾应急响应灵活性;在响应与决策模块中利用核心服务器实现数据信息的上传下达,实现快速救援响应。研究中对这套GIS系统与当前方法做对比,进行抗震救灾过程灵活性、救援数据精准性的比较实验。实验对比结果表明,所提研究成果提供的救援数据精确性强,且运行过程中灵活系数等部分指标高于当前研究。     

基于天地图的地震应急地图服务平台初步实现——以上海市为例

基于天地图和ArcGIS API建立一套地震应急地图服务模型平台,初步实现地震应急基础数据展示、地震损失预估范围发布、地震空间信息查询与定位、现场灾情反馈与标注和专题地图打印等功能。该平台以天地图为基础,利用ArcGIS API的多种模块为接口,搭建一套交互式、分布式、动态的系统构架,实现基本地震应急地图数据服务;并力求探索地震应急地图服务的初步方案,解决地震专题地图的效率和传播问题,为震时指挥决策提供辅助支撑手段,为今后多灾种信息平台融合提供了参考。     

东部地区地震人员伤亡评估方法研究

我国是地震多发的国家之一,其中破坏性地震的发生频率也相对较高。伴随着我国经济的高速发展与城市化进程的加快,地震风险意识的提高以及国家对地震应急救援能力的更高要求都促进了对地震灾害评估方法的研究。其中地震人员伤亡评估方法更是灾情预测的重中之重,然而我国大部分历史地震都发生在西部,已有的地震人员伤亡评估方法也是基于西部历史地震资料统计分析得出的。人口密度更高和经济更为发达的东部地区,一旦遭遇破坏性地震,其灾害程度将远超西部,因此现有方法已不能很好地满足东部地区的地震预防和应急救援决策需求。需要结合东部地区的特点修正适用于东部地区的地震人员伤亡评估方法。本文初步分析了东西部影响地震人员伤亡的影响因素,对比主要区域差异,指出东西部地区建筑的抗震性能差异主要体现在城市自建房屋的比例和农村主要结构类型占比上。给出了东部地区地震人员伤亡评估的修正系数,并通过算例分析了其适用性。     

地震灾害人员死亡评估模型对比—以甘肃省中强震为例

梳理了现有3种地震灾害人员死亡评估模型,并基于甘肃地区历史中强地震(MS4.7～6.0),对人员死亡评估模型进行震例计算.结果表明:①针对甘肃地区中强地震,3种模型的评估结果与实际结果基本处于同一数量级,可用于地震后快速盲评估计算,为地震后政府和应急管理部门应急指挥决策提供科学依据;②当中强地震震中烈度达到Ⅷ度时,这3...