Basic Characteristics of Present Movement of Major Tectonic Blocks in China‘s Continent

In order to study the present crustal movement and geodynamics in China‘s continent, a countrywide GPS monitoring network consisting of 22 stations was set up evenly on major tectonic blocks in China‘s continent in the early 1990s. Three-phase observations using the network were carried out in 1992, 1994, and 1996, respectively. In this paper, the data processing and accuracy of the three-phase observations are examined and the basic characteristics of present block movement in China‘s continent are analyzed based on the data of three-phase repeated observations. The study result indicates that the accuracy of data obtained in three-phase observations on the GPS network reaches 10-8 ～ 10-9, which is adequate to the need of monitoring of crustal movement. A model for block movement in China‘s continent constructed based on the result of the three-phase observations has effectively tested the results of geological and geophysical studies. In global framework, China‘s continent as a whole shows its clear eastward motion and its regional movement relative to Siberian block is characterized by that the western China is mainly affected by northward subduction and pushing of Indian Plate. Qinghai-Xizang Plateau shows clear eastward lateral slip simultaneously with longitudinal compression. It is more favorable to the escape model for the continent. Block movement of eastern China is under the combined effect of Indian, Pacific,and Philippine plates, resulting in northeastern and eastern motions of eastern China up to southeastern coastal region where the effect of Philippine Plate strengthens.     

Preliminary Research on Relation Between Field and Source in Earthquake Preparation

The "field" and "source" are two important branches in seismology and earthquake research.In this paper,we use a computer model to study the relation between the field and the source in earthquake activity.In our modeling,a network of nonlinear elements is used to simulate seismic activity of seismic zones in a seismotectonic block.Constant strain rate is enforced on the boundary of the model,cyclic seismic activity,quasi-periodic variation of stress field intensity,and strain energy are observed with high and low fluctuations.There is a main seismicity area in seismic cycles,and the main seismicity area shows the spatial migration during different seismic cycles.If the precursory area is related to high element stress,it is found that the development of precursors in our model is quite complicated.No certain relation between the precursors and earthquakes has been discovered.Anomalies show different characteristics in the seismic quiet period and active period.All of the seismic zones in the system hav     

Preliminary Study on Probabilistic Prediction of Seismic Hazard in a Period of 10 Years

Many uncertainty factors need be dealt with in the prediction of seismic hazard for a 10-year period.Restricted by these uncertainties,the result of prediction is also uncertain to a certain extent,so the probabilistic analysis method of seismic hazard should be adopted.In consideration of the inhomogeneity of the time,location,and magnitude of future earthquakes and the probabilistic combination of the background of long-term seismic hazard(geology,geophysical field,etc.)and the precursors of earthquake occurrence,a model of probabilistic prediction of seismic hazard in a period of 10 years s proposed.Considering the inhomogeneity of data and earthquake precursors for different regions in China,a simplified model is also proposed in order to satisfy the needs of different regions around the country.A trial in North China is used to discuss the application of the model.The method proposed in this paper can be used in the probabilistic prediction of seismic hazard in a period of 10 years.According to the     

Monitoring the horizontal movement along the Shanxi fault zone by GPS measurement

IntroductionShanxi is a significant seismic activity area in North China (WANG, 1995), named as Shanxi fault zone. One can see how important it is by the name. Up to now, a large number of achievements have been obtained from the studies mainly by the geological method. In order to improve the seismic research and carry out earthquake monitoring and prediction in this area, a GPS horizontal deformation monitoring network is established along the fault from the north to the south by the Se…     

A HORIZONTAL 2-D HYDRAULIC NUMERICAL MODEL AND IT’S APPLICATIONS TO FLOOD FORECAST

1 INTRODUCTION There were many flood disasters in China in recent years. When the water level in a river is very high, weak parts of its dike may be destroyed resulted in the submersion of the protected land and properties. It is of significance for decision-makers to exactly predict the processes of flood propagation during flood control. There are many modes of dike bursting, such as seepage destroying by overflow on top of dike caused by dike body sinking induced by piping and soil fl…     

Precursory Seismic Quiescence Before July 28, 1976 Great Tangshan,China, Earthquake

The earthquake catalog with the minimum completeness magnitude of ML=1.7 during the period from 1970 to 1976 has been used as basic data for the research on seismic quiescence in source area before occurrence of the July 1976 great Tangshan earthquake in China,based on the analyses of the detectability of seismic network,and of relation between earthquake magnitude and frequency in Northern China.The temporal processes of seismicity rate(January 1970-July 1976)before the July 1976 great Tangshan earthquake for four researched sub regions in and around source area(aftershock area)of the mainshock are investigated and compared.It is found that there exist abnormal seismic quiescence with duration of 38 months in the subregion located in western part of aftershock area,which is significant statistically at confidence level of 0.99 and larger by beta-test.In addition,because there were no false alarms except for the above abnormal interval in the west aftershock area,and the Tangshan mainshock and 85% of af     

水平层状介质视波速比响应特性的数值模拟

This paper deals with the response features of AR （apparent ratio of seismic wave velocities to the changes of TR （true ratio of wave velocities） in the horizontal layered model by mathematical modeling. The results show that： （1） the response features of AR are associated with the parameters of the structure and its dynamic changes, and the relative position between the hypocenters and the monitoring networks, showing complicated patterns strongly related to the concrete paths of propagation of seismic waves from the source to the receiver in the observatories of the network; （2） the depth of the seismic source would have important influence on the response features of AR, especially the capacity to carry the anomalous information in the condition of the earth media, being in the anomalous state would be greater for those earthquakes which occur inside the anomalous layers than those underneath the anomalous layers; （3） the response features of AR are clearly related to the changes of TR （true ratio of wave velocities） instead of changes of wave velocities themselves, i.e. the response could be small as the changes in TR is small even in the case of large changes in the wave velocities. It is suggested that more attention must be paid to all these features in combination with detailed investigation of the velocity structure of the earth media in the study region and best fitting of precise hypocenter locations when one wants to obtain the reliable precursors from the changes in AR.     

Analysis of Spatial and Temporal Variation Characteristics of the b-value in the Hetao Seismic Belt

Focusing on the b-value as the research target and under the theoretical framework that the b-value is determined by stress state and medium properties, the variation characteristics of the b-value in the Hetao seismic belt are analyzed. Earthquakes with ML≥1. 5,which have occurred in the Hetao seismic belt since 1970 are selected to conduct the quantitative detection of the non-uniform temporal change of Mcusing the EMR method. Based on the actual situation of seismic activity,the lower limit magnitude is set as ML2. 0 to calculate the b-value. The temporal variation of the b-value is calculated and scanned using the least square method. The results show that there is a good corresponding relationship between the temporal variation of the b-value,strong earthquake activity,network distribution and aftershock deletion. We also calculate and scan the spatial variation of the b-value by using maximum likelihood. The results show that the spatial difference is possibly caused by stress state and crustal medium properties. The tectonic dependence of the b-value is obvious. In addition,the sufficient earthquakes samples in each magnitude interval are still a key step to improve the calculation accuracy of the b-value.     

New Seismic Zoning Map of Chin a and Its Application in Earthquake Disaster Mitigation

The New Seismic Zoning Map of China was prepared from 1987 to 1990 and officially promulgated in 1991.In comparison with the previous two seismic zoning maps prepared in 1957 and 1977,some new methods were applied to upgrade the method currently used for seismic hazard analysis.First,a probabilistic method was used instead of the deterministic analysis was used for previous mapping.Second,by taking advantages of the long history of historical seismic data in China,the nonhomogeneity of seismicity both in space and in time has been fully considered and hence the over-and/or underestimation of seismic hazard could be avoided.Third,the results of middle-and long-term earthquake prediction based on tectonic evidence have been incorporated into seismic hazard analysis.In addition,the attenuation laws for both intensity and peak acceleration of strong motion as the mapping parameters are also presented.Finally,an evaluation of the New Seismic Map and its effect on engineering application,such as aseismic desi     

Effect of Seismicity in the Taiwan Straits on the Southeast Coastal Area of the Chinese Mainland

Based on the available and supplementary survey data,it analyzes the effect of seismicity in Taiwan and the Taiwan Straits on the southeastern coastal area of the Chinese mainland and discusses its roles in seismic hazard prevention and textual research of historical earthquakes. The results show that the frequency of strong earthquake in Taiwan area is high,with a time interval ranging from several to dozens of years,but the maximum influence intensity of seismicity from there to the coastal areas of the Chinese mainland is only VI degree; while the maximum influence intensity of the seismicity along the littoral fault zone located on the west of the straits reaches VIII ～ IX degree because of the shorter distance to the Chinese mainland,though the frequency of strong earthquakes is lower than that of the Taiwan area. Strategies for protecting against seismic hazards in the southeastern coastal area of China are proposed. Besides focusing on the effect of strong earthquakes of the littoral fault zone,attention also has to be paid to the low-cycle fatigue failure of engineering structures induced by the earthquakes in Taiwan and the stir effect on society induced by earthquake phobia. It is concluded that it would be more accurate and proper to take the May 19,1517 earthquake recorded in the Chinese mainland area as the influence of a strong earthquake in the Taiwan area.     

三峡井网的布设与观测井建设

介绍了我国第 1个以监测水库诱发地震的地下水前兆为目标的三峡井网布设与观测井建设的科学思路及其实施结果。由于水库蓄水引发一定震级的诱发地震时 ,会引起含水层应力应变状态及与其相关的孔隙压力变化 ,并导致观测井水位的异常变化 ,为此利用震级 (MS)、孕震断层长度(L)与应力应变场变化范围 (R)的关系确定了井数与井间距 ;井位的选择 ,主要依据了地下水动态为映震灵敏条件的科学认识 ,选择了断裂带及其应力易集中的端点、拐点与交点等特殊构造部位 ;井深与井孔结构的确定 ,遵循了在有限投资的前提下 ,尽可能揭露封闭性好的承压含水层 (带 )和尽可能减少地表水文气象因素干扰的原则。按照上述思想与原理 ,在坝区和库首区各布设了 4口井 ,井深为10 0～ 2 0 0m ,均揭露出封闭性较好的承压含水层 (带 )。初步观测结果表明 ,三峡井网的布设与观测井的建设较为成功 ,为诱发地震前兆监测奠定了良好的基础     

A kind of information on short-term and imminent earthquake precursors—research on atmospheric electric field anomalies before earthquakes

The long-time practice of observational research on earthquake prediction has shown that the information on short-term and imminent earthquake precursors can hardly be detected, but it is very important for practical and effective earthquake prediction. The result of analysis and study in this paper has shown that the anomaly of quasi-static atmospheric electric field may be a kind of reliable information on short-term and imminent earthquake precursors. On such a basis, the 20 years’ continuous and reliable data of atmospheric electric field observed at the Baijiatuan seismic station are used to study the correlation between the anomalies in seismic activity and relative quiet periods bear on the occurrence of near earthquakes within 200 km range around Beijing after the Tangshan earthquake. The observational results recently reported before hand in written form and earthquakes that actually occurred in near field in corresponding time periods are compared and analyzed. The efficacy of these written prediction opinions about near earthquakes in the recent 10 years is tested. From the test results, the brilliant prospect that the anomaly of quasi-static atmospheric electric field may really become a reliable mark for making short-term and imminent earthquake predictions is discussed. Besides, as a preliminary step, some judgment indexes for predicting earthquakes by use of the observational data of atmospheric electric field before earthquakes are put forward. In the last part, it is pointed out that it would be possible to obtain more believable judgment indexes for determining the three elements of near earthquakes before greater earthquakes (M _S≥5) only if a relatively reasonable station network (2–4 stations every 10 000 km²) is deployed and further investigation is made. Contribution No. 97A0040, Institute of Geophysics, State Seismological Bureau, China. This subject is sponsored by Program No. 95-04-05-01-04, State Seismological Bureau, China.     

广东数字遥测地震台网的建设

广东数字遥测地震台网由广东省人民政府和中国地震局共同投资建设,是我国第一个采用国产数字地震观测专用设备建成的２４位数字遥测地震台网,达到了国际同类地震台网的先进水平。介绍了该台网的建设过程、台网性能、布局、技术系统及其特点。     

福建地区流体对2007年4次4级地震映震特征分析

通过对2007年福建地区4次4级地震的震例分析, 认为福建地区流体对内陆中等地震具有如下映震特征: ① 地震前兆表现为不同测项在时间上呈有规律的层次发展且均以短临、 临震和短期异常为主; ② 模拟观测井孔的映震效能好于数字化观测井孔, 其中水氡、 水质是福建地区的特征灵敏组分; ③ 温泉井孔的映震效能好于普通井孔; ④ 异常台项数取决于震级和震中周围的观测点数目。 同时指出今后要根据区域特征, 有重点地加大映震灵敏井孔和灵敏组分的观测、 科学布网、 合理建点, 使各种前兆观测成场成网; 建立一批符合地震监测预报要求的高质量水观测点, 更有效地为地震分析预报服务。     

北斗卫星通信在强震动台网数据传输中的应用

北斗卫星系统是中国正在实施的自主研发、独立运行的卫星定位与通信系统.因其具有短报文通信功能,进行相应的软硬件开发,可以用于传输包括烈度在内的强震动台网观测数据.通过北斗卫星传输烈度速报的性能测试和在芦山7.0级大地震中的实际应用效果,对北斗卫星系统目前在强震动台网数据传输中的应用方式和效能进行介绍.     

胜利油田油水井动态与华北地震关系的初步分析

近些年来,在收集总结大量复杂多样的地震前兆资料中,油水井动态异常以其变化量显著而引人注目。本文以近几年华北地区所发生的地震为实例,旨在分析研究胜利油田油水井的产油量、产液量、油水井压力(地层压力)在震前震后的变化规律。     

高温热水孔逸出气氡观测实验研究

本文通过在漳州龙师１＃井开展的逸出气氡观测实验研究，认为逸出气氡作为新的地震前兆观测项目是可行的，可以进行平行样观测，同时可得到Ｒｎ气／Ｒｎ水比值，作为研究地下流体前兆的一个新的参数。并对应用电离法测量逸出气氡的连续自记观测技术进行了预研究试验。     

广西数字测震台网建设成果及效益分析

介绍了"十五"广西数字测震台网建设的基本情况,分析了台站布局、观测动态范围和台基环境地噪声水平对台网地震监测能力的影响。实现与邻省台网和地方社会台网的联网与数据共享后,台网监测能力得到进一步提高。以广西数字测震台网投入运行前后记录到的地震情况,阐述了广西数字测震台网技术成果及所取得的社会经济效益。     

网上前兆数据动态时间变化无人值守警视系统

在Windows环境下开发了应用软件“网上前兆数据动态时间变化无人值守警视系统”。该软件基于安徽省前兆数据传输网上的14个台站、各学科(117个测项)前兆数据格式等特点,随时间的递增自动循环完成检索、汇集、处理、初级分析、绘制和显示时间变化曲线、报告缺测缺记时效等任务。能快捷、可视化地监知各台站、各学科前兆数据的时间变化情况。     

基于Windows NT服务器的前兆数据共享及其实现

简要介绍了地震前兆数据的现状及其实现数据共享的必要性；分析了常用的二种通用Web数据库的体系结构及应用技术，它们是基于通用网关接口CGI的体系结构和基于服务器扩展API的体系结构。考虑到前兆台网中心硬件设备的条件、所运行的数据库平台和地震前兆数据的复杂性和多样性特点，前兆数据在Internet上的共享服务采用基于通用网关接口CGI的体系结构编写应用程序来实现。以WWW服务器为平台，通过Web服务器方式在浏览器上实现共享，可检索任意台站、任意观测方法、任意地点、任意时段的前兆数据，实现地震前兆数据信息网络服务功能。