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定位定向技术是深海作业系统的主要关键技术之一。本文基于激光陀螺提出了一种用于深海作业的高精度定位定向系统研究方案,建立了一套相应的系统分析方法,对该方案的姿态、速度、位置误差进行了详细的仿真分析。进行了72 h静态定位定向实验,结果表明系统的俯仰角和横滚角误差小于0.006°,航向角误差小于0.035°,速度误差小于0.9m?s–1,定位误差小于29.9 km。实验结果与仿真分析结果基本一致,验证了该研究方案的可行性。和采用动力调谐陀螺的定位定向系统相比,本系统具有精度高和可靠性好等优点。 相似文献
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海面影像的纹理信息少、匹配精度低致使现有的相对定向方法误差大,稳定性差;通过对其进行改进,有效地提高了相对定向参数标定的精度和稳定性。文中建议了几何模型,并以共面方程为控制方程,采用附有参数的条件平差法计算相对定向参数,同时发展了初始值计算方法,保证了迭代的收敛性。从两个方面入手提高相对定向参数标定的精度和稳定性,并给出了详细的计算流程:1)在摄影区域内近似均匀的选取特征点,并采用高精度的匹配方法进行影像匹配;2)在大量的共轭点对(不低于1 000个)中选取最优匹配点(不低于300个)进行相对定向参数计算。海面实测数据分析时通过迭代的方式在1 200个共轭点中逐渐剔除了粗差点和误差较大点,最终得到了由321个最优匹配共轭点计算出的精确相对定向参数,检验了所述方法的可行性。该研究解决了相对定向标定精度低、稳定性差的问题,提高了立体摄影海浪测量技术的可靠性,有利于其推广和应用。 相似文献
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三角高程测量的精度一方面取决于仪器的精度和采用的方法,另一方面还取决于自然条件的影响,对测得的成果进行评差、改正才能大大的提高精度。在外业观测中,由于受自然条件的影响和局限,诸如地形起伏、大气折光、气流、云雾等因素对于我们的观测都是有害的。并且,这些因素不是人为的,对成果的影响很难确定。随着一些先进仪器的不断出现,从现行的规范标准对用全站仪诸类仪器进行三角高程测量可替代“四等水准测量”这一规定可看出:如果解决了垂直角观测这一受外界自然条件影响较大的难题,三角高程测量在特殊条件下可替代水准测量,其应用是很有前途的。 相似文献
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TCM电动全站仪是一种具有自动照准预设方向、能自动纵转望远镜,EDM迅速准确连接,能用RS232接口输出数据的全新马达驱动的电子全站仪。其配置的自动跟踪目标装置ATR1与全站仪测距系统及视线同轴,即使对在仰角和倾角很大的测点目标也能追踪如常。TCM电动全站仪配置GRZ4 360°全反射棱镜,使得持标员无需顾及棱镜反射面是否对准全站仪。TCM电动全站仪有效工作距离在一般大气条件下,ATR1全反射棱镜的工作距离为1000m(可满足大比例尺海上测绘范围 相似文献
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Gustavo M. Martins Rita F. Patarra Nuno V. Álvaro Afonso C. L. Prestes Ana I. Neto 《Marine Ecology》2013,34(3):289-297
A better understanding of biological systems can only be gained if we understand what processes are important and how they operate to determine the distribution of organisms. Coastal orientation and depth can influence environmental conditions, including the degree of water motion and availability of light, which in turn may influence the horizontal and vertical patterns of organism distribution. Here, we used a mixed‐model design to examine the effects of coastal orientation and depth on the structure of benthic assemblages by comparing the abundance and distribution of macroalgae and invertebrates in shallow and deep waters on the opposing coasts of São Miguel. Generally, coastal orientation had little influence on the distribution of most taxa. In contrast, significant differences were generally associated with depth, although patterns were spatially variable at the scale of locations. This study suggests that depth, and processes operating at the scale of location, but not at the scale of the coast, have an important influence on these assemblages, and that failure to recognise such a scale of variability may hamper our ability to better understand the processes that structure these communities. 相似文献
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The differences in quality of the conditional stability constants deduced from ligand titration and metal titration methods are theoretically examined. The ecological role of the metal-organic complexes in seawater was considered on the basis of the concept of the metal buffering capacity index which is calculated from the conditional stability constant and the organic ligand concentration. The results of theoretical examination of the effect of metal contamination on the uptake of metals by phytoplankton indicate that the ecological significance of metal-organic complexes is essentially in the metal-buffering action. This means that the activities of free metal ions are maintained at a native constant level against relatively small perturbations by the addition or uptake of metals in the marine environment. 相似文献
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Becasuse of the deep water depth and long riser of deepwater drilling, the stability of subsea wellhead is threatened. Meanwhile, the setting depth of conductor directly affects the mechanical stability of subsea wellhead. Through analyzing the impact of different factors on the setting depth of conductor, we found that the bearing capacity growth factor of subsea soil has a great influence on the setting depth of conductor. However, the coefficient is a regional and empirical constant, which seriously affects the accuracy and reliability of the results. In this paper, probability statistics and geostatistics methods are employed to count the bearing capacity growth factor of target point's adjacent wells, as well as transplant and predict the target point through differential arithmetic, which can obtain the predictive value of target point's coefficient containing probability information. Finally, we can obtain the setting depth range with credibility of conductor. This is conducive to designers to calculate the setting depth of conductor with other uncertain factors taken into account, and reasonably control the potential risks. 相似文献
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以7 000 m载人潜水器的工程需求为背景,以水下单目摄像机为视觉传感器,进行了水下机器人动力定位方法研究。该动力定位方法利用视觉系统测量得到水下机器人与被观察目标之间的三维位姿关系,通过路径规划、位置控制和姿态控制分解,逐步使机器人由初始位姿逼近期望位姿并最终定位于期望位姿,从而实现了机器人的4自由度动力定位。通过水池实验验证了提出的动力定位方法,并且机器人能够抵抗恒定水流干扰和人工位置扰动。同时,该动力定位方法还可以实现机器人对被观察目标的自动跟踪。 相似文献
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蒋永国 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2005,35(2):325-329
为探讨位置追踪定位机制,根据移动Agent的定位、消息传递、迁移是该新型分布式网络技术重要组成部分,提出了基于蜂窝式通讯模式的方式,并给出了移动Agent定位、消息传递、迁移算法,该算法具有简单性、稳定性、可靠性等特点。 相似文献
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用不同层次方法分析南海及其北部沿岸的地壳稳定性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
论述了地壳稳定性的层次,一般从高到低,从大到小可分为3个层次。高层次着重从岩石圈块体运动和大区域的大地构造因素分析岩石圈块体的活动性;中层次着重从地壳块体运动和区域构造因素分析地壳块体的稳定性;低层次着重从地壳浅层的新构造运动和地震活动对工程建设的影响程度进行分析。从这个意义来说,地壳稳定性分析从大到小可分大区域、中区域和小区域3个层次,大区域地壳稳定性评价是概略评价,而小区域地壳稳定性评价则是详细评价,在此基础上对南海及北部沿岸不同层次的地壳稳定性进行了分析。 相似文献
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- Studies on the erosion processes and protective measures at the downcoast of the Friendship Port in Mauritania have been successfully conducted by means of 3-D movable-bed model using light model-sand. The headland control was accepted for the stability of the beach. This paper mainly deals with the shape, orientation, size and erosion depth of the artificial headland. Various forms of headland projects, such as the normal groin, arch groins bending to upcoast ancj to downcoast, offshore breakwater, and T-shaped dike, have been experimentally investigated. Through a comparison of effects of these works on the beach processes, optimized headlands have been obtained, that is, unsymmetrical T-shaped dike or arch groin bending to the downcoast, which has been practically and successfully applied for the stability of beaches. 相似文献
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Katsumi Hirose 《Marine Chemistry》1990,28(4)
Chemical speciation of particulate metals in seawater was examined theoretically. Mass balance considerations showed that the apparent conditional stability constant, defined for organically binding metals in suspended particles, coincides with the conditional stability constant determined for the corresponding metal-organic complexes dissolved in seawater. This hypothesis suggests that some metals, which are present as organic complexes (e.g. copper), are directly associated with particulate organic matter. Metals, whose free ion is buffered by organic and/or inorganic ligands, may be used as indicators of the presence of particulate organic matter in the marine environment. 相似文献
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The stability of a porous seabed under wave and current loadings is particularly important for engineers to design marine structures such as submarine pipelines, breakwaters, and offshore platform foundations. Most previous investigations of dynamic response of marine structures and seabed have only considered the influence of wave loading, but the important influence of current is ignored. Even if the influence of current is considered, the interaction mechanism of both loadings has not been clearly elaborated. Based on the Biot’s dynamic theory and combined two-dimensional nonlinear progressive wave and uniform current theory, the interaction mechanism of wave and current loadings and the influence of current on wave characteristic are analyzed by numerical computations. The influence of current velocity, different permeability, and stratification in seabed on the effective stresses and pore pressures of seabed is discussed in detail. Further, the stability of seabed is evaluated through the liquefaction analysis of seabed, which will provide important reference frames to improve the design and construction of marine structures. 相似文献