南海北部坡折带的识别及油气地质意义

当坡折带被引入层序地层学理论以后,并作为层序地层学理论核心的内容之一,其概念的内涵和外延都发生了明显的变化,应该说此时坡折带已经不仅仅是一个单纯的地貌学概念,而在其中赋予了更多的沉积学含义,从单一的地貌起伏面转化为沉积地质体。坡折带的存在制约影响着层序界面的识别、地层叠加样式和层序内体系域构成分析及层序地层模式的建立,同时对地层岩性油气藏勘探开发具有重要作用。笔者从地质及地球物理方法出发,对珠江口盆地所存在的沉积坡折及地貌坡折进行了识别,认为沉积坡折发育于惠州凹陷南侧,而地貌坡折主要存在于白云凹陷北坡,但坡折带不是固定不变的,随着盆地的演化,其分布位置不断变动。最后总结了坡折带识别在珠江口盆地岩性油气藏勘探开发重点现实意义,并形成了坡折带识别方法体系及研究工作流程,对于相关盆地坡折带识别具有一定的指导意义。     

腐蚀电化学技术在海水循环冷却系统中的应用

腐蚀问题是海水循环冷却系统的主要问题之一,腐蚀电化学技术是研究解决该问题的重要手段。文章以线性极化、弱极化、强极化和电化学阻抗谱技术为重点,分别介绍不同电化学方法的技术特点和可获得的腐蚀参数,分析其在海水循环冷却系统中应用的优势和不足,为研究海水循环冷却系统的金属腐蚀机理和腐蚀防护手段提供理论支撑和指导,同时也为海水循环冷却工艺运行和水处理方案提供决策建议。     

青藏高原羌塘盆地晚侏罗世索瓦期沉积特征研究

为推进我国石油工业发展丰富石油地质理论,根据野外露头及室内分析化验资料,建立8种相标志,识别出索瓦期沉积相类型有：台地相、台地边缘相、盆地相和海陆过渡相、湖泊相。受北部拉竹龙-金沙江缝合带、中央隆起带和南部班公湖-怒江缝合带的影响,沉积相呈近东西向展布,具南北分带的特点。文章分析了索瓦期的沉积特征,总结了该期的沉积模式。根据研究区的生物特征和沉积特征,推断当时气候是温暖、半干旱的。综合分析认为,索瓦组是羌塘盆地很有潜力的油气勘探目的层,其与上覆雪山组地层可构成有利的含油气组合;而双湖-多涌地区是首选的含油气有利区带。     

基于高空间分辨率遥感影像的水深反演有效性评估

卫星遥感反演水深（Satellite Derived Bathymetry, SDB）是获取浅海水深信息的有效手段。然而,其有效范围只限于光学浅水区域,在深水区域呈现“伪浅海”的失真现象。因此,如何准确识别SDB数据的有效范围对其广泛应用至关重要。本文基于高空间分辨率多光谱卫星影像,在深入分析深/浅水辐射亮度统计分布特征差异的基础上,提出一种数据驱动的水深反演有效性评价方法。该方法以卫星影像辐亮度信息的局域标准差作为特征,基于K-S检验方法对光学深水区域统计特征进行模型优选,并使用假设检验方法对深水无效区域对应的SDB进行识别。甘泉岛水域实验结果表明,该方法通过统计分布划分光学浅水与深水区域边界,可以有效识别光学深水区域产生的无效水深反演数据。在剔除无效区域数据后,光学浅水有效区域内水深反演平均绝对误差（MAE）为1.01,均方根误差（RMSE）为1.52。实验结果表明,本文提出的方法可准确识别SDB结果的有效区域,进而为浅海地形解译提供方法支撑。     

西南非海岸盆地过渡期海相烃源岩有机相特征及其平面预测

海相烃源岩是全球油气的主要来源,在全球范围内广泛分布。目前关于海相烃源岩的研究主要偏重其生烃理论,缺乏紧密结合油气勘探生产的海相烃源岩识别、预测和评价方法研究。为了建立一套切实可行的、以有机相分析为手段的海相烃源岩评价关键技术组合,针对西南非海岸盆地过渡期主力海相烃源岩,综合利用沉积相、古生态相、有机地化相以及地震相对其进行"四相合一"综合有机相分析,从而对该套烃源岩进行系统分析。研究认为,该套烃源岩为海陆混源型烃源岩,且从陆向海可依次划分4个有机相带:滨海陆源型有机相A、内浅海混源型有机相B、外浅海混源型有机相C和上坡折带内源型有机相D。总体来说,研究区平面上呈现"内侧倾气、外侧倾油"的特点。     

Aegir脊及邻区重磁异常及构造特征

为研究北极地区挪威海内Aegir脊及邻区断裂构造特征，为北极地区油气勘探提供方向，在斯克里普斯海洋研究所发布的研究区重力数据（网格数据）基础上填充最新船测数据，对已有重磁资料进行异常分离、滑动平均和重磁场边界识别。目前，研究区的特征断裂和构造单元划分尚不清楚。根据异常极值带、异常带走向、异常梯度带变化程度等，对研究区进行了断裂识别和构造单元划分。研究表明：重磁异常特征呈NNE-NW-NE向展布，重力异常呈现高低分带，反映出该区基底隆坳相间的格架。根据重磁异常与断裂对应关系，识别出4个构造走向和7条主要断裂，划分出Mohns脊、扬马延微陆块、东扬马延断裂带、西扬马延断裂带、Aegir脊、东扬马延深海盆地和挪威深海盆地等7个构造单元。     

波高时间序列的混沌特征提取

为了分析海浪混沌特征,在混沌动力系统相空间重构的基础上,利用关联维数法和最大Lyapunov指数法,对实验室波浪水池的实测波面高度时间序列进行混沌特性识别。结果表明,波高时间序列存在混沌现象,混沌理论可应用于海浪的研究。     

从航磁资料延拓出海面磁场

因延拓深度有限,现有的位场向下延拓方法不能从航磁资料向下延拓出海面的磁场.位场大深度向下延拓方法——迭代法,可以从航磁资料向下延拓出海面的磁场,得出与航磁同比例尺的海面磁力图,可大大提高海洋磁测成果的综合利用率.介绍了迭代法位场延拓原理.用迭代法对实际资料进行了处理,讨论了误差产生的原因.对比了迭代法与快速傅立叶变换法(FFT)在位场向下延拓中的效果,迭代法显著优于FFT法.     

基于机器学习的声子晶体结构声隐身设计

针对声呐导流罩中低频段振动控制以提高其全频段声隐身性能问题,提出了一种基于条件自编码器的声子晶体结构逆向设计方法,在目标频段逆向设计出的具有带隙的声子晶体结构可作为夹芯结构芯层, 为声呐导流罩声振特性治理工作提供新思路。首先随机生成大量声子晶体周期单元,并提出 2 种策略扩充在目标频段内具有带隙的样本数量。针对有限元软件批量计算声子晶体结构带隙效率较低的问题,训练了卷积神经网络用于识别声子晶体是否具有带隙。最后,将声子晶体结构以及带隙分布作为训练集训练条件自编码器。结果显示：卷积神经网络对结构的带隙具有很好的识别效果,识别准确率可以达到 89%;条件自编码器能学习到人工周期结构的轴对称结构,生成的人工周期结构与原结构仅相差几个像素,且生成结构的带隙与原结构带隙误差小于 1%,说明该方法可以应用于声子晶体结构的逆向设计。     

东太平洋中新世钙质超微化石及其地层学、古海洋学意义

本文研究了《海洋四号》87—88两个航次CC—48和CC(c)—9两岩心的钙质超微化石。共鉴定出7属13种。CC—48岩心自上而下可分为3个钙质超微化石组合,其中组合3和2分别相当于NN2和NN3带;CC(c)—9孔722cm以下的钙质超微化石属于一个组合,大致相当于NN3—4带。两孔所见最老沉积皆为早中新世。同时根据CC(c)—9孔NN3—4带中广泛见有Discoaster exilis化石,认为在该区其地史分布可下延至NN3带(最迟不晚于NN4带)。并结合CaCO_3含量、溶解指数及丰度变化,在早中新世钙质软泥沉积中识别出两个较强的溶蚀期,认为是南极底层水强烈活动所致。     

Nepheloid layer dynamics in the northern Portuguese shelf

A general hydrographic and nephelometric survey of the NW Portuguese continental shelf and upper slope was undertaken, under winter and spring conditions. The nepheloid layer dynamics along the shelf during three cruises were controlled, principally by the following factors: (a) the hydrography of the shelf-slope waters, i.e. the nepheloid layers followed isopycnals and water masses; (b) prevalence of upwelling or downwelling circulation over the shelf; (c) dispersion of material by river discharge (mainly the Douro river); (d) resuspension of mid-shelf fine deposits induced by swell; (e) peculiar morphology with the presence of Porto Canyon and outer shelf rock outcrops.The general circulation controls the seaward extension of the nepheloid layers. In winter, under dominant downwelling conditions, an intense bottom nepheloid layer (BNL) was observed on the shelf, due to river borne particle supply and remobilization of mid-shelf muddy sediments (depth ≈100 m). In this period the BNL increased in thickness to the top of the slope, following the isopycnals. Near the shelf-break the BNL detached to form intermediate nepheloid layers (INL). Small INLs appear deeper in some areas of the slope. A surface nepheloid layer (SNL) appears in the surface water over the shelf and slope. In spring, biological particles mainly contribute to the SNL, which is separated from the BNL by a zone of clear water. In winter the SNL is restricted to the inner shelf where there are high inputs of fluvial particles.Downwelling circulation probably induces transport of shelf particles to deeper waters in the BNL. In spring, the predominant circulation was southward (upwelling), the water column was highly stratified, and dispersion of particles in the SNL was offshore.     

Seasonal Variability in Circulation Pattern and Residence Time of Suo-Nada

The development and evolution of the persistent counterclockwise circulation in Suo-Nada have been studied in detail using a three-dimensional numerical model. The realistic circulation has been reproduced from the monthly climatological fields of salinity, temperature along the open boundary, wind, heat flux and buoyancy input from twenty-two major rivers surrounding the basin. The seasonal variation of fresh-water discharge from the rivers proved to be the most important forcing mechanism driving the circulation. The expansion and contraction of coastal low salinity water well corresponded with the development of counterclockwise circulation from spring to summer and dissipation from autumn to winter. The circulation was found to be vertically homogenous and quasi-barotropic. However, confined along the coastal zone is an estuarine flow (i.e., oppositely directed currents in the upper and lower layers) whose horizontal dimension conforms to the period of maximum buoyancy flux from the rivers. This indicates that the flow pattern in Suo-Nada can be separated into two distinct regions where the relative dominance of estuarine circulation plays a significant role. Furthermore, the monthly water exchange capacity for autonomous purification of the basin has been evaluated from the average residence time of conservative material based on the calculated current field. It is demonstrated that the kinetic energy of the basin is directly responsible in promoting water exchange in Suo-Nada. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Wind- and density-driven circulation in a bay on the Sanriku ria coast,Japan: study of Shizugawa Bay facing the Pacific Ocean

Flow fields in Shizugawa Bay on the Sanriku ria coast, which faces the Pacific Ocean, were investigated using hydrographic observations for the purpose of understanding oceanographic conditions and the process of water exchanges in the bay after the 2011 earthquake off the Pacific coast of Tohoku. In spring to summer, density-driven surface outflow is part of estuarine circulation and is induced by a pressure gradient force under larger longitudinal gradients in density along with lower salinity water in the innermost part of the bay, regardless of wind forcing. In winter to summer, another density-driven current with a thermal structure is induced by a pressure gradient force under the smaller longitudinal density gradients in calm wind conditions. Particularly in winter, Tsugaru Warm Current water can be transported in the surface layer inside the bay. Wind-driven bay-scale circulation with downwind and upwind currents in the surface and deeper layers, respectively, is induced by strong longitudinal wind forcing under the smaller longitudinal density gradients, irrespective of season. Particularly in fall to spring, this circulation can cause the intrusions of oceanic water associated with Oyashio water and Tsugaru Warm Current water in the deeper layer. These results suggest that wind- and density-driven currents can produce the active exchange of water from inside and outside the bay throughout the year.     

On the Huanghai (Yellow) Sea circulation: a review by current measurements

INTRODUCTIONTheHuanghaiSea(hereafterHS)isashallow,semi-enclosedbasinsurroundedbytheChina'sMainlandtoitswestandmorth,andbytheKoreaPeninsulatOtheeast.TheHSreceivesabundantdischargeoffreshwaterandland-basedmaterialsthroughriversfromChinaandKorea,which ThisstudywassupportedbyagrantfromtheKoreaMinistryofaudienceandTechnoing.maybeaccumulatedpartlyinsidethebasinforacertainpenedormoveoutofthebasinintothenorthwesternEastChinaSea.TheHScirculationisknowntobemostlydependentuPOnsurfacewindfie…     

The Influence of Winds and Tides in the Formation of Circulation Layers in a Bay, a Case Study: Concepción Bay, Chile

Horizontal water velocities were measured using three current meters moored at the levels of 5, 18, and 30 m depth in the oriental side of Concepción Bay (36°40′S; 73°02′W), an almost rectangular, shallow bay off central Chile, connected with the open sea through two mouths.The large momentum transfer from the wind to the water causes variations of the internal volume of the bay generating circulation layers having almost anti-parallel directions. Northerly winds carry superficial water into the bay, causing a compensating flow leaving the bay near its bottom. Winds from the SW, on the other hand, cause an outgoing circulation layer in the surface and a circulation layer entering into the bay near the bottom. During wind calm periods, longer than 12 h, the two layers disappear, leaving a current system comprising only one circulation layer. The response time necessary for the generation or dissipation of these layers, which fluctuates between 1 and 7 h, depends on the initial conditions of the bay and on the intensity, direction and persistence of the wind.     

2006-2007年长江冲淡水的扩展形态及季节变化

利用2006—2007年观测的高密集度CTD测站和海床基ADCP连续测流站资料,分析了长江冲淡水的扩展形态和垂向结构。结果表明,各季节观测时段内:春季、秋季和冬季的表层长江冲淡水扩展基本被限制在长江口、杭州湾及舟山水域附近。夏季长江冲淡水的扩展由内向外可分为3个阶段:射形流阶段,长江径流直接向东南冲入海;水舌形态扩展阶段,冲淡水以1个水舌的完整形态指向东北,其运动受台湾暖流和南黄海海盆气旋式环流等背景流场的影响明显;扩散阶段,冲淡水先以较大团块运动,后以不断变小的水块随着背景流场运动,其中一支向东北移动进入南黄海,另一支转向东偏南,绕东海东北部冷涡运动。     

南海海水中溶解态铜、铅、锌、镉环境背景值的初步研究

本文通过对南海海域自然环境中表层海水溶解态Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd的分析，讨论了南海表层海水中重金属含量的分布。根据地理环境特征及表层环流结构将南海表层水域分成北部和南部两个重金属背景值海区，并采用统计学方法对海水中重金属的分布类型进行了态性检验，按分布类型分别确定了Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd的环境背景值。     

白洋淀水循环特点及其对生态环境的影响

在理想假设下,利用MITgcm模式研究了风对白洋淀内水体循环流动的影响。研究指出:(1)风应力可看作是水体循环的主要驱动力;(2)在风应力的作用下,水体表层的流动主方向与风的方向一致,下层水体的流动方向与表层方向相逆或近似相逆;(3)表层以下水体流动复杂,次表层水平流动有明显的双漩涡结构;(4)淀底地形对水体垂向流动影响很大,垂向速度变化复杂,垂向上有双涡流动现象,靠近岸边多有上升流和下降流;(5)淀内水体流动沿着水平和垂向两个方向流动,在冬季和夏季流向相反。在分析以上流动特点的基础上,讨论了流动对各个不同子区域的生态环境可能造成的影响:I区域是一个相对独立的水体区域,该区域内的水体污染物自成系统,与外界交换较少。而对A、B、C、D四个区域内的污染物分布等要统一考虑,四个区域内的水体交换,可看作是一个统一的整体。E、F区域内的水体流动受到上述A、B、C、D四区内双涡流动的影响,但在这两个区域靠近岸边有强烈的上升流和下降流,有可能使得污染物的分布更加复杂。G、H水深很浅,水流速度缓慢,受到污染后污染物不易扩散。     

海浪混合参数化的渤海、黄海、东海水动力环境数值模拟

在浪-流耦合的概念下,对Princeton Ocean Model(POM)模式进行改进,增加特征波参数下的海浪混合作用,并把潮流和环流同时模拟,得到了渤海、黄海、东海典型的环流和水文特征,特别是夏季黄海的温跃层现象,夏季长江冲淡水扩展路径以及我国东部海域冬季和夏季典型环流等.研究表明,海浪的作用使海洋上层混合得更均匀,潮流的作用使海洋底层混合得更均匀,二者是温跃层形成的重要原因;考虑潮效应模拟流场,由于潮扩散和潮余流的作用,长江冲淡水路径与实际观测更为符合.     

关于黑潮延伸体海域水体的三维热结构时-空变化特征研究

基于西北太平洋Argo数据资料,利用参数化方法,从Argo温盐剖面数据中提取出一系列特征动力参数,定量分析黑潮延伸体海域水体的三维热结构的时-空变化特征、季节变化特征及其与地形和环流的关系.结果表明:黑潮延伸体海域水体的海表面温度存在着明显的冬春弱,夏秋强的季节变化特征,冬季平均海表面温度为15℃,夏季则达到了27℃;...