鄂尔多斯盆地南部奥陶系气藏成藏期次

利用地质冷热台和激光拉曼光谱仪,对鄂尔多斯盆地南部奥陶系储层流体包裹体显微荧光特征、均一化温度及包裹体成分进行分析测试,确定奥陶系气藏天然气充注时间及成藏期次。结果表明,研究区储层流体包裹体主要包括含盐水气态烃包裹体和纯气态烃包裹体两种类型。据包裹体均一化温度、包裹体气相成分分析结果,结合地区埋藏史,确定该区有两期天然气充注,对应地质时期分别为晚三叠世早期至早侏罗世末期和早白垩世末期至今,其中第二期为主要天然气成藏期。     

升平-兴城气田营城组火山岩储层流体包裹体研究

升平-兴城气田营城组火山岩储层经历多次构造活动,具有多期天然气的充注特征。采自该气田20口井45块岩芯样品的流体包裹体系统分析揭示了该区复杂的天然气充注过程。对各期次流体包裹体的均一温度、盐水包裹体的盐度,以及含烃盐水包裹体的荧光强度等测试的综合分析表明,火山岩储层经历了6期热流体活动,前4期分别对应于4期天然气充注过程。结合埋藏史分析可知,4期充注分别发生于泉头组沉积末期-青山口组沉积时期、嫩江组沉积早-中期、嫩江组沉积末期和明水组沉积早期至今。综合考虑生烃层、储层和盖层之间的组合关系,最终确定升平-兴城气田营城组火山岩储层天然气主要的成藏时期为嫩江组沉积早-中期。     

鄂尔多斯盆地延长矿区延长组流体包裹体特征

流体包裹体在划分油气运移充注期次、确定油气藏形成时间等方面均有重要的应用价值。笔者通过镜下观察流体包裹体的发育产状, 划分其类型, 描述其特征, 并与成岩作用相结合来确定包裹体形成期次。通过对与烃类共生的盐水包裹体进行均一化温度测试, 结合其他相关地质资料, 认为延长矿区延长组流体包裹体的均一温度集中分布在105～125℃范围内, 且包裹体均一温度有随埋深增加而增高趋势。对比研究区埋藏史、地热史分析得出, 延长矿区至少存在一期主要的油气成藏期次, 发生在距今100～110 Ma, 即早白垩世晚期, 为该区主要的油气成藏期。     

流体包裹体在庆深气田火山岩气藏研究中的应用

松辽盆地北部庆深气田储层火山岩的流体包裹体均一温度为97.1～156.7℃。根据成分的不同可将本区的次生包裹体分为盐水包裹体和含烃盐水包裹体,其中含烃盐水包裹体所占的比例要远小于盐水包裹体。在徐家围子断陷区营城组火山岩储层中检测到6期活动热流体和4期天然气充注,其中含烃盐水包裹体记录了4期天然气向储层的充注过程,其对应的均一温度分别为97.1～114.1℃、121.4～128.3℃、130.5～138.2℃和140.6～156.7℃。结合本区的埋藏史分析,认为4期天然气充注成藏中第三期是形成大规模天然气藏的主期,即泉头组沉积末期至青山口组沉积中晚期。     

准噶尔盆地北三台地区侏罗系储层流体包裹体研究

北三台地区侏罗系储层经历了多次构造运动的改造.对研究区11口井101块流体包裹体样品的系统分析结果表明,该区侏罗系储层具有多期次的油气充注特征.流体包裹体的均一温度和油包裹体的荧光颜色(强度)等测试结果表明,研究区侏罗系储层经历过4期热流体活动,捕获了3期油包裹体和1期天然气包裹体,分别对应地质历史时期3次油充注和1次天然气充注过程.3期油包裹体的均一温度分别为40～65,65～80,80～120℃.油包裹体和盐水包裹体均一温度以及盐水包裹体盐度的统计结果表明,第2期和第3期热流体活动占主导地位.结合埋藏史分析可知,油充注发生于燕山期,天然气成藏发生在喜山早期.研究区现今油气与古油气无论在油气组分还是在成熟度方面都存在明显的差异,这种差异性与油气早期成藏后期遭受改造破坏有关.综合研究区烃源岩的生、排烃史,侏罗系储层埋藏史以及构造活动演化史的分析可知,燕山晚期是北三台地区侏罗系储层的主成藏期,燕山晚期充注的油气是现今油气的主要来源.     

苏北盆地盐城凹陷朱家墩气藏成藏期次研究

在分析盐城凹陷构造演化史、朱家墩构造圈闭发育史和盐城凹陷主力烃源岩生、排烃特征的基础上,系统研究了朱家墩气藏K₂t(泰州组)储层流体包裹体类型、分布特征和均一温度。研究表明,K₂t储层流体包裹体明显分为盐水包裹体和有机包裹体;均一温度明显分为两期(即渐新世晚期和新近纪末期)。结合构造演化史、圈闭发育史和生、排烃史,并经综合分析认为,在渐新世晚期和新近纪末期,朱家墩气藏有过两期主要的油气充注,且以第2期充注为主。      

南堡凹陷下古生界流体包裹体特征及成藏期研究

通过流体包裹体的透射光和荧光镜下观察、包裹体均一温度测定,对南堡凹陷下古生界碳酸盐岩流体包裹体特征及油气成藏期进行了研究。结果表明:南堡凹陷下古生界碳酸盐岩储层流体包裹体较为发育,主要在碳酸盐岩脉中沿愈合裂缝呈带状分布,烃类包裹体在荧光下呈黄白色--蓝白色,说明研究区油气成熟度相对较高;由包裹体均一温度实测结果可知,该区包裹体均一温度具有明显的双峰特征,峰值分别为70℃~80℃和130℃~140℃;结合埋藏史和热演化史进行综合研究,认为研究区下古生界碳酸盐岩储层主要经历了两期油气充注,第一期为25~22 Ma(东营末期—馆陶早期),第二期为8~5 Ma(明化镇中期)。     

蠡县斜坡北段储层流体包裹体特征及成藏时期

饶阳凹陷西部蠡县斜坡是在前古近纪古隆起上发育起来的继承性宽缓沉积斜坡,沙河街组储层发育烃类和盐水包裹体。通过储层流体包裹体的系统分析和均一温度-精细埋藏史投影,确定蠡县斜坡北段沙一下亚段油气成藏期次和时期,为分析成藏过程及油气分布规律、指导油气勘探提供了依据。蠡县斜坡北段沙一下亚段地质历史时期发生过2期油气充注:发黄绿色荧光的油包裹体均一温度在80~90℃之间,对应的成藏时间在7.5~5.5 Ma之间;发蓝绿色荧光的油包裹体均一温度在105~115℃之间,成藏时间在2~0 Ma之间。     

王集-新庄地区包裹体特征及油气成藏期次

通过采集泌阳凹陷王集-新庄地区岩心样品,对其中包裹体进行盐度特征分析、镜下观察及均一温度测定;结果表明王集-新庄地区包裹体分为两期,与盆地埋藏史和热史研究划分的早、晚两个成藏期相对应。结合生排烃史综合分析,该区油气分两期成藏,早期油气成藏期主要发生在核一段末期~廖庄组沉积期,为小规模油气成藏,该期主要生成低熟油;晚期油气成藏期主要发生在廖庄末抬升期,为大规模油气成藏,是形成现今油田的主要成藏期。利用油气包裹体进行油气成藏研究,必须和宿主矿物的矿物岩石学分析及其他成藏期次分析方法结合使用,才能使分析结果更加客观可信。     

陇东地区盒8段流体包裹体特征及成藏期次研究

文章对鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区上古生界盒8段流体包裹体的赋存矿物类型、形态、均一温度、成分等参数进行研究,结合盆地埋藏史探讨研究区储层内流体包裹体捕获事件及烃类充注史。实验表明,包裹体赋存于3种矿物类型,有三种形态,研究区包裹体均一温度位于90~170℃,峰值在100~130℃,测定其组分为CH_4和CO_2。陇东地区在晚侏罗世—早白垩世主要经过3次流体包裹体捕获事件。综合均一温度及埋藏史,认为该研究区主要有一期天然气充注,充注成藏时期主要是J3-K1,即晚侏罗世—早白垩世。     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论

据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。     

塘口水电站坝基岩体透水性和渗漏问题分析

塘口水电站大坝基础座落在断层和裂隙较发育的龟裂纹灰岩上,岩体完整性差、透水性强,多年运行后,大坝灌浆廊道和排水廊道出现多处集中性漏水,为确保大坝安全和电站正常发电,根据渗漏性质和成因,采用对灌浆廊道补充帷幕灌浆,对排水廊道进行固结+帷幕+回填灌浆。通过灌浆处理后,效果良好,表明灌浆工程有效的将导致坝基渗漏的上下游的裂隙通道封闭,并顺利的经受了随后的汛期洪水考验,大坝安全得到保障。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Calculation of the Inverse of the Covariance

In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix.     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Artemia in the Salt Lakes of Russia:the Productivity of Populations,the Reserves of the Cysts and the Fisheries

正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the