十米口径射电望远镜的研制

本文总结了十米口径射电望远镜的研制工作。介绍了安装调试情况以及对该望远镜主要技术指标进行检测的结果。结果表明六项主要技术指标均大幅度超过了原设计任务书的要求。通过一年多来的试观测,得到了一定数量的有用资料。该望远镜从1980年开始论证,在不到三年的时间内用较少的经费研制成功,取得了较好的经济效益。     

地球站G/T值的测量

采用分别测量地面天线系统的增益G和接收系统噪声温度T的方法,对几个地球站的G/T值(它是地球站的重要技术指标)进行了测量.结果表明:对4.193 GHz而言,6个地面站的G/T值分别为31.11 dB/k,30.57 dB/k,31.34 dB/k,31.93 dB/k,31.42 dB/k和31.26 dB/k,达到了国际通讯卫星组织颁布的F2类地球站的标准.     

上海天文台VLBI，SLR和GPS站的归心结果与分析

本文重新处理了最近几年来利用GPS技术测定上海天文台GPS站坐标的资料，给出了GPS站相对于VLBI，SLR站的基线矢量，并与利用常规方法归心的最新结果进行了比较和,是到了IGS‘92联测中上海天文台GPS技术解算的SH01站坐标，与VLBI技术解算的结果比较，两者相差小于2.6cm，同时得到GPS技术归心的符精度好于1cm。     

CSRH-I的天线选择

介绍了CSRH(中国太阳射电频谱日像仪)3个与科学目标相关的系统指标:空间分辨率、时间分辨率和频率分辨率(射电望远镜专有技术指标).然后介绍CSRH 3个接收设备的关键技术指标:灵敏度、动态范围和极化隔离度(接收机通用技术指标).重点阐述了CSRH天线的3项选择:天线个数、天线尺寸及天线主要技术指标(增益、噪声温度及轴比)与上述指标的关系.     

并置VLBI站的相对形变及其与全球解结果的比较

基于ITRF2000地球参考架的三维VLBI站速度矢量和NNR-NUVEL-1A地球板块运动模型，采用观测的VLBI基线长变化率作为约束，估计和讨论了全球6个并置VLBI站的局部或区域性地壳的相对形变，并与国际地球参考架ITRFs解和VLBI全球解glb2003以及VTRF2003的结果进行了比较．结果表明日本Kashima与Kashim34VLBI站之间，美国GREENBANK的NRAO20与NRAO85-3站之间可能存在每年约近4毫米的相对垂直形变；WESTFORD与HAYSTACK二站间每年近2毫米的垂直形变率差基本可得到肯定，KOKEE和KAUAI二站的垂直形变率约有每年1至3毫米的差．利用如下方法能较可靠地检测出并置VLBI站间的局部或区域性的地壳垂直形变，改进ITRF解的可能不足．     

太阳射电快速记录系统中方波隔离放大器的研制

本文指出了太阳射电快速记录系统中方波隔离放大器研制的必要性，并简要介绍了设计出发点，工作原理，设计特点及主要技术指标的测试     

上海VLBI，SLR和GPS站站坐标的精密测定和精度估计

本文对作为全球地球参考系基准站的上海VLBI，SLR和GPS站的站坐标进行了仔细的分析研究，并重新精密测定了SLR，GPS站的站坐标，给出了较可靠的精度估计，澄清了IERS的综合解所给出的上海SLR站站坐标存在的问题。     

2000Mc太阳射电望远镜本机振荡器改造

本文介绍了２０００Ｍｃ太阳射电望远镜本机振荡器改造的基本原理，以及本机振荡器的主要技术指标进行检测的结果，结果表明主要技术参数达到了原设计指标。     

太阳射电快速记录系统中方波隔离放大器的研制

本文指出了太阳射电快速记录系统中方波隔离放大器研制的必要性，并简要介绍了设计出发点，工作原理，设计和主主要技术指标的测试。     

未来中国空间太阳软X射线望远镜的几点考虑

在对太阳软Ｘ射线研究与技术调研的基础上，本初步讨论未来中国空间太阳软Ｘ射线望远镜的框架，包括谱线选取，技术指标和方案，技术可行性及难点，以及可能的解决途径。     

新一代S2FS终端控制软件

上海天文台佘山 2 5m观测站S2 -PT终端系统用于甚长基线干涉测量 (VLBI)实验。它在实验中按不同的模式将实验数据记录在录像带上。新一代S2FS控制软件使用一个观测纲要文件和一个过程控制文件在FS(FieldSystem)软件下控制S2终端系统     

不同测站近地小行星地基观测效能评估研究

目标的完备性搜索是开展近地小行星预警和防御的前提. 为量化评价近地小行星观测效能, 提高监测设备使用效率, 提出一种综合望远镜参数和测站天文条件的观测效能评估方法. 以观测目标信噪比作为检测指标, 设定检测条件形成目标检测方法, 定义评价指标用于评估近地小行星观测效能. 再基于近地小行星轨道数据和尺度分布模型, 建立近地小行星轨道数据模拟样本库. 最后选取中国科学院紫金山天文台盱眙观测站和中国科学院国家天文台冷湖观测台址, 仿真分析近地天体望远镜对直径0.01--30km近地小行星的观测效能, 结果表明: 不考虑两观测站年有效观测时间差异, 近地天体望远镜在冷湖观测全尺寸模拟样本的效能比在盱眙提高了5.21倍, 其中对1km以上直径目标的观测效能相当, 对1km以下直径目标的观测效能差异开始显现, 对0.1km以下直径目标冷湖优势更显著.     

Ground-based electromagnetic studies combined with remote sensing based on Demeter mission: A way to monitor active faults and volcanoes

The identification of magnetic, electric and electromagnetic (EM) precursory signals related to volcanic activities and earthquakes is still a matter of debate. Some examples are now well established, but they are often based on a few parameters recorded on sparse equipments and with no multi-disciplinary approach. Demeter program takes into account a more complete approach of EM phenomena related to volcanic eruptions and earthquakes, by combining both ground-based and satellite EM monitoring, from direct current to several kilohertz, i.e. from ULF, ELF to VLF frequency domains.The research program stands in two parts: one is the identification of EM signals at the satellite altitude and the other consists in detailed studies in a few pilot sites on the ground. Two main test sites have been considered: La Fournaise volcano in Réunion Island and the seismogenic Corinth rift in Greece. Both sites allow for performing EM studies in a multi-disciplinary environment.La Fournaise volcano erupts on average two times a year. The self-recording Demeter EM station is composed of three modules measuring the components of the magnetic and electric fields in three different frequency domains: DC to 0.5 Hz, 0.0033-160 Hz and 8-10 kHz. Preliminary observations made during the May 2003 eruption show that electric and magnetic signals appeared before the eruption. Some signals present sharp step-like variations, with amplitudes up to several hundreds mV per km and a few hour duration, followed by periods with a higher spectral frequency content. The frequency of these signals can be of several tens of Hz.The Corinth rift is a highly seismic area, frequently affected by seismic swarms. In 2004 the region has experienced tens of earthquakes of magnitude less than 4.6. A Demeter station has been set up on the Trizonia Island along the northern mainland coast, where a 30 km long seismic gap has been identified. The station is composed of two modules recording the three components of the magnetic field and the two horizontal components of the electric field in the ULF and ELF-VLF frequency bands. The audiomagnetotelluric soundings show that the station is close to a regional conductive fault connected to the sea. The first 4 months of observation clearly show that 29 earthquakes, even of low magnitude (M?2.8), occurring at less than 140 km of distance of the station, have generated electric signals when the seismic waves have passed the EM station. For a given magnitude of the earthquake, the energy of the electric signal is independent of the distance between the focal source and the EM station, which points out local electric source mechanisms. The greater the magnitude of the earthquake, the greater is the energy of the electric signal is. The co-seismic electric signals have the same morphology as that of the passing seismic wave, and there is no noticeable time delay between the electric and the seismic signals. This simultaneity between the seismic and the electric signal is best explained by the generation of an electrokinetic effect due to the passage of the seismic wave through the seawater-saturated ground.     

An Orbital Prediction Algorithm for LEO Satellites Based on Optical Observations of Short Arcs at Single Station

The forecasting technique of the target tracking based on the short arcs at single station is an important way to guarantee that high-precision photoelectric theodolites can normally track and capture the targets in unconventional environments. We construct the tracking prediction algorithm based on nonlinear filter, which can provide the guiding data for the closed loop tracking under normal circumstances. At the same time we also construct the target prediction algorithm based on the nonlinear transformation, without valid observational data, which can provide a track guidance for the theodolite and ensure that the targets will not be lost. It is demonstrated that the nonlinear filtering is more effective than the EKF (extended Kalman filter) in the tracking prediction algorithm of the short arcs at single station. The results indicate that the nonlinear filter designed in this paper can be used as the guiding algorithm for the optical tracking equipments. And its guiding accuracy is in the same order of magnitude of the theodolite's random measurement accuracy. When the systematic error of the equipments reaches 50″, the accuracy can achieve 20″ for predictions in 60 s. This still satisfies the requirement of the field of view of the tracking equipments.     

测定地球引力常数GM的协方差分析

编制了在ＧｉｖｅｎｓＧｅｎｔｌｅｍｅｎ正交变换算法下的多级复弧协方差分析软件．运用到引力常数ＧＭ解算的情形中,并计算了未参加估计的台站坐标的误差对产生解算结果的影响．这种影响的直接后果是降低了解算的精度．对产生解算内符精度和真实外符精度之间差别的原因进行了初步的探讨     

Strategy of DENIS observations

Doing a homogenious and fast survey requires an intelligent model for the observing-strategy. This contribution shows a model simulating the parameters for the survey of the southern hemisphere. Input parameters are weather statistics and requirements of the photometry and of the technical equipment. It does not include priorities for special zones of the sky or deeper observations, even if the program is already able to consider such parameters.     

Short-term prediction of fof2 using time-delay neural network

To test the ability and efficacy of neural networks in short-term prediction of ionospheric parameters, this study used the time series of the ionospheric foF2 data from Slough station during solar cycles 21 and 22. It describes different neural network architectures that led to similar conclusions on one-hour- ahead foF2 prediction. This prediction is compared with observations and results from linear and persistence models considered here as two special cases of the neural networks.     

Sky Noise Limited Snapshot Imaging in the Presence of RFI with Lofar’s Initial Test Station

The initial test station (ITS) is the first full scale prototype of a low frequency array (LOFAR) station. It operates in the 10–40 MHz range and consists of 60 sky noise limited dipoles arranged in a five-armed spiral structure offering an instantaneous synthesized aperture of almost 200 m diameter. We will present all sky snapshot images demonstrating sky-noise limited imaging capability in the presence of a strong RFI source that exceeds the all sky power by 27 dB. This result is obtained with a two stage self-calibration procedure. First, the RFI source near the horizon is used as calibrator and then subtracted, after which Cas A shows up at a level that is a factor 2000 lower and then dominates the picture with its side lobes. A second self calibration on Cas A then reveals the same extended galactic emission as found in a RFI free adjacent spectral channel. This demonstrates that a single 10 kHz channel of a 6.7 s snapshot of a single LOFAR station already provides a dynamic range of over 10⁴.     

A proposed program of observations of extragalactic X-ray sources

It is proposed to carry out an observational test of the hypothesis that active galactic nuclei contain a massive black hole, surrounded by an accretion disk as an energy source. The observational program included 64 objects, selected according the Aldrovandi's model.     

Investigation of the positional instability of reference points for the Simeiz-Katziveli collocation station

We analyze the local geodetic ties between the VLBI, LLR, and GPS reference points of the Simeiz-Katziveli collocation station. The conclusion about the instability of this geodynamic test area is confirmed. We conclude that regular, with a period of 1–2.5 years, redeterminations of the local geodetic ties at this collocation station are necessary. A linear model of the time variation in the estimates of the local geodetic ties is constructed for this test area. The estimates of the local geodetic ties are compared with the differences between the corresponding coordinates of the reference points specified in ITRF2000. We conclude that there are systematic errors in ITRF2000 related to an incorrect determination of the velocities for the reference points of the collocation station with identical DOMES numbers. We suggest assigning different DOMES numbers to the reference points of unstable geodynamic test areas. The estimates of the local geodetic ties are compared with the differences between the corresponding coordinates of the reference points obtained from individual VLBI, LLR, and GPS solutions. These were found to be in disagreement.