国产“环境一号”(HJ-1)卫星遥感影像桥梁提取研究

基于桥梁与水体的空间关系,结合卫星遥感影像数据包含的多光谱和形态学特征信息,提出一种有效提取国产“环境一号”(HJ-1)卫星遥感影像桥梁目标的方法.利用国产“环境一号”(HJ-1)卫星遥感影像数据进行桥梁目标提取试验.结果表明,该方法能快速、准确、有效地提取“环境一号”卫星影像中的桥梁目标,具有一定的应用价值.     

北京地区HJ-1卫星CCD数据的气溶胶反演及在大气校正中的应用

与现有的大气卫星传感器相比,环境一号卫星(HJ-1)CCD相机具有较高的空间分辨率(30m),使得在城市地区找到光谱纯像元的机率大大增加。本文提出一种基于纯像元提取的城市地区气溶胶光学厚度(AerosolOpticalDepth,AOD)反演算法,利用像元纯净指数来提取CCD影像上的纯像元,并由HJ-1A星和B星的多时相CCD观测数据结合地表双向反射率模型确定纯像元的地表反射特性,在此基础上反演AOD。与AERONET地基测量数据的对比表明,该算法具有较高精度,相关系数为0.83,线性拟合斜率为1.091,截距为0.053。基于该方法的AOD反演结果作为输入,能较大程度提高HJ-1卫星CCD影像大气校正的精度。     

期刊博览

基于多时相HJ卫星的冬小麦面积提取 我国环境与灾害监测预报小卫星HJ-1A／B具有较高的时间和空间分辨率,在作物种植面积提取和长势监测等方面具有较大优势。本文根据冬小麦的物候规律和季相节律的差异性,选取返青期和拔节期两个生育期的HJ卫星影像,借鉴分层信息提取法原理,综合利用监督分类和非监督分类法,结合人及交互目视解译和实地定位调查等资料提取了姜堰市的冬小麦种植面积,总体面积提取精度达到90．22％,样点空间匹配精度为81．25％,     

融合时间序列环境卫星数据与物候特征的水稻种植区提取

获取高精度的区域水稻种植面积对于农业规划、配置与决策具有重要意义。区域尺度的水稻面积获取依赖于高时空分辨率影像,但受卫星回访周期和气候影响,难以获取足够时间序列的高时空分辨率影像,从而影响水稻种植面积遥感提取的精度。为此,提出适应于中国南方多雨云天气地区,基于国产环境卫星(HJ-1A/1B)与MODIS融合数据的水稻种植面积提取的新方法。以洞庭湖区为实验区,利用STARFM模型融合环境卫星NDVI数据与MODIS13Q1数据,获取时间序列的环境卫星NDVI数据,利用水稻关键期的NDVI数据结合物候特征参数对水稻种植区域进行提取。结果表明,该方法能有效提取区域水稻种植的面积,水稻种植面积提取的总体精度与Kappa系数分别达到91.71%与0.9024,分类结果明显优于仅采用多光谱影像或NDVI数据。该研究为中国南方多雨云天气地区水稻种植面积提取提供了有效的方法。     

基于HJ-1卫星数据的曹妃甸龙岛面积计算

通过选取符合要求的多时相HJ-1环境卫星资料,采用监督分类、逐步剔除相结合的遥感方法,利用ENVI等处理软件实现了曹妃甸龙岛潮汐条件下的陆地面积计算。龙岛在大潮涨潮之际,陆地面积不足3 km2;而小潮时,面积则至少达7.6 km2。与地面测绘结果对比表明,利用HJ-1卫星能够较好地满足龙岛等地开发建设对潮汐条件下的面积计算要求。     

基于 HJ-1 卫星数据的曹妃甸龙岛面积计算简

通过选取符合要求的多时相HJ-1 环境卫星资料,采用监督分类、逐步剔除相结合的遥感方法,利用ENVI 等处理软件实现了曹妃甸龙岛潮汐条件下的陆地面积计算.龙岛在大潮涨潮之际,陆地面积不足3 km2;而小潮时,面积则至少达7.6 km2.与地面测绘结果对比表明,利用HJ-1 卫星能够较好地满足龙岛等地开发建设对潮汐条件下的面积计算要求.     

考虑植被红边信息的多时相Sentinel-2大范围冬小麦提取研究

冬小麦是中国的主要粮食作物且种植面积年际变化较大,及时准确掌握冬小麦种植面积变化有利于国家和相关部门科学决策。遥感技术是获取大范围冬小麦种植面积数据的最有效手段。前期研究多利用多时相中低分辨率影像（如MODIS）的归一化植被指数NDVI（Normalized Difference Vegetation Index）开展大范围冬小麦种植区提取,因分辨率低导致精度难以令人满意。Sentinel-2卫星是唯一能获取3个红边波段影像的米级分辨率传感器,但应用其红边波段进行大范围冬小麦提取的研究几乎没有。本文分析了红边位置指数REPI（Red-Edge Position Index）与NDVI各自在冬小麦提取中的优势,并基于冬小麦物候特征与JM距离研究关键时相,提出一种综合多时相Sentinel-2 PERI、NDVI的大范围冬小麦提取方法,将其应用于2020年京津冀地区的冬小麦种植区提取,冬小麦总面积提取误差为-2.57%。提取结果与Google Earth高分辨率光学影像的解译结果进行比较,总体精度为94.24%,Kappa系数为0.88,相较于已有大范围冬小麦提取研究精度有明显提升,表明了本文方法的有效性。     

基于环境一号卫星遥感数据的南京市市区湖泊信息提取研究

环境一号卫星系统是专门用于环境和灾害监测的,对地观测系统由两颗光学卫星HJ-1A和HJ-1B组成,拥有光学、红外、超光谱多种探测手段,具有大范围、全天候、动态的环境和灾害监测能力。本文以南京的环境一号卫星影像为例,运用归一化差异水体指数法提取并分析了南京市市区湖泊分布信息,得到了较为满意的结果。     

HJ-1B卫星热红外遥感影像农田地表温度反演

本文以我国自主研发的HJ-1B卫星影像为数据源,利用其热红外影像、基于JM&S普适性单通道算法反演2009年5月20日河北省涿州市和高碑店市的农田地表温度。最后将HJ-1B IRS影像的地表温度反演结果与同时相Landsat TM5影像的反演结果进行比较分析,分析结果表明:本文所提出的基于HJ-1B卫星热红外影像反演农田地表温度精度可靠,该方法是可行性的。     

城市水体空间分布与地表温度之间的关系研究

城市热岛效应影响着城市的气候变化和居民的生活环境,是目前快速城市化进程中最具代表性的区域生态环境问题之一。本文以"百湖之市"武汉为例,采用HJ-1B卫星的遥感影像,提取了城市地表温度,利用景观生态学方法分析了城市水体的空间分布。研究结果表明:地表平均温度受到研究区域内水体面积比重的影响,地表温度的标准差受到水体面积比重和水体离散度的影响。     

Quantitative monitoring of land use changes in relation to hydrology of Bhavani basin using remote sensing techniques — a case study

The paper summarises a part of the results of an on-going project for quantifying the land use changes in Bhavani basin (Geographic co-ordinates N lat 10°55′ - 11°45′,E Long. 76°30′ - 77°45′). Landsat and aerial data have been used in monitoring the dynamic changes in land use patterns. Visually interpreted Landsat MSS data of two different dates in conjunction with the historic data acquired from the Survey of India topographic maps and field data were used in this investigation. Also land use changes over two test-sites in the basin were studied using aerial photographs. During the study, it has been observed that a direct correlation exists between the rainfall and the area irrigated. The repetitive coverage of the satellite data are found to be quite remarkable, especially the 1:250,000 False Colour Composites (FCC) in assessing rapidly the temporal land use changes of a region at a cheaper cost.     

利用HJ-1 CCD高分辨率传感器反演灰霾气溶胶光学厚度

霾已成为目前我国城市地区主要的空气污染现象,且近年来呈多发趋势。卫星遥感是获取大范围观测数据的必要手段,可对大气灰霾污染的分布区域及强度进行快速监测,弥补传统监测手段的不足。我国发射的环境小卫星（HJ1）由于其高的空间分辨率、较高的时间分辨率和宽覆盖的特点,在环境监测方面可发挥很大的作用。本文在假设短时间内地表反射率稳定的基础上,用HJ1-CCD影像蓝绿两个波段数据反演2013年1月份北京市区灰霾天气的气溶胶光学厚度,对环境小卫星在灰霾天气的应用情况进行评价,并分析了高分辨率卫星遥感在灰霾监测中的可行性及优势     

太湖地区HJ-1卫星CCD数据反演气溶胶及大气校正

针对HJ-1卫星CCD数据,利用改进的暗像元法反演气溶胶光学厚度(AOD),再利用反演的AOD对其进行大气校正。将反演的气溶胶与地基太阳光度计数据进行对比验证,发现当反演的AOD值大于0.2时,反演值与地基观测值的相关系数为0.964,符合MODIS业务化反演AOD的精度要求。再将反演得到的气溶胶带入6S辐射传输模型中,对HJ-1卫星CCD数据进行大气校正实验。结果表明,该方法能有效提高HJ-1卫星CCD数据大气校正的精度,更好地复原地物的真实光谱信息。     

Land use/land cover changes near HAzira Region, Gujarat using remote sensing satellite data

Human activities have great influence on fragile coastal ecosystem. For sustainable use of coastal resources it is very important to understand land use/land cover changes and its implications on coastal systems. Remote sensing data because of its synoptic, multispectral and multi temporal nature can be a very good source for mapping, monitoring and understanding these changes. IRS LISS III sensor data were used to find out the rate of land use/land cover changes in Hazira area near Surat, Gujarat. Because of major industrial activities it has become a hot spot area which requires regular monitoring. In the present study, land cover information of the period 1970–1972 from the Survey of India topographical maps, and satellite data of the year 1989 and 1999–2002 have been used and visual analysis has been carried out to measure the land use/land cover changes. Erosion and deposition has been observed around the newly constructed jetty. Forest area and agriculture area is found to decreased, whereas built-up area has increased.     

Monitoring Detailed Land‐Cover Changes in Shrubland Habitat Reserves Using Multi‐temporal IKONOS Data

Abstract

The objective of this study was to explore the utility of multi‐temporal, multi‐spectral image data acquired by the IKONOS satellite system for monitoring detailed land cover changes within shrubland habitat reserves. Sub‐pixel accuracy in date‐to‐date registration was achieved, in spite of the irregular relief of the study area and the high spatial resolution of the imagery. Change vector classification enabled features ranging in size from tens of square meters to several hectares to be detected and six general land cover change classes to be identified. Interpretation of the change vector classification product in conjunction with visual inspection of the multi‐temporal imagery enabled identification of specific change types such as: vegetation disturbance and associated increase in soil exposure, shrub removal, urban edge vegetation clearing and fire maintenance, increase in vegetation cover, spread of invasive plant species, fire scars and subsequent recovery, erosional scouring, trail and road development, and expansion of bicycle disturbances.     

HJ-1卫星CCD影像的土地利用自动分类及精度分析——以广西钦北区为例

为研究环境一号小卫星影像在土地利用研究领域的应用潜能,本文以广西钦北区为例,对其进行计算机监督分类,在评定监督分类模板精度的前提下,参照第二次全国土地调查农村数据库,对计算机监督分类结果进行精度评定,最后利用计算机自动地将分类结果发送到实地进行野外验证,并对分类的结果进行全面、准确的评价,以此证明提升环境一号CCD影像自动分类精度和准确度能满足土地利用现状调查的要求。     

Satellite remote sensing derived spatial water utilisation index (wui) for benchmarking of irrigation systems

Water Utilisation Index (WUI) defined as area irrigated per unit volume is a measure of water delivery performance and constitutes one of the important spatial performance indicators of an irrigation system. WUI also forms basis for evaluating the adequacy of seasonal irrigation supplies in an irrigation system (inverse of WUI is delta, i.e. depth of water supplied to a given irrigation unit). In the present study WUI and adequacy indicators were used in benchmarking the performance of Nagarjunasagar Left Canal Command (NSLC) in Andhra Pradesh. Optimised temporal satellite data of rabi season during the years 1990–91 and 1998–99 was used in deriving irrigated crop areas adopting hierarchical classification approach. Paddy is the predominant crop grown and cotton, chillies, sugarcane etc. are the other crops grown in the study area. Equivalent wet area (paddy crop area) was estimated using the operationally used project specific conversion factors. WUI was estimated at disaggregated level viz., distributary, irrigation block, irrigation zone level using the canal discharge data. At project level, WUI estimated to be 65 ha/MCM and 92 ha/MCM during rabi season of 1990–91 and 1998–99 years respectively. A comparison of total irrigated area and discharges corresponding to both the years indicate that irrigation service is extensive and sub optimal during 1998–99 and it is intensive and optimal in 1990–91. It was also observed that WUI is lesser in blocks of with higher Culturable Command Area (CCA) compared to the blocks of lower CCA. All the disaggregated units were ranked into various groups of different levels of water distribution performance. The study demonstrates the utility of WUI as spatial performance indicator and thus useful for benchmarking studies of irrigation command areas. The WUI together with satellite data derived spatial irrigation intensity, crop productivity constitutes important benchmarking indices in irrigation command areas.     

Satellite based study of land transformation in Ludhiana District, Punjab

This study reveals the temporal changes in the land use/land cover of district Ludhiana from the years 1970 to 2001 and reports on the change that has occurred in land use/land cover as a result of change in cropping pattern. The changes were analysed through the data obtained from statistical abstract 1969–70, False Colour Composite (FCC) of IRS-IC LISS-III satellite data of March 2001 and ground truth. There has been a decrease in agricultural land by 2100 ha. but still it occupies 83.76% of the total geographical area (TGA). The wasteland shows a declining trend whereas forest cover has increased from 1.07 to 2.71% of TGA. Area under non-agricultural uses has increased from 10.13 to 12.50% of TGA. There has also been a great change in the cropping pattern of the district. Crops such as groundnut, gram and cotton have nearly disappeared and wheat and rice dominate the region. This change has substantially resulted in the decrease of area under wastelands.     

Identification and mapping of winter wheat by integrating temporal change information and Kullback–Leibler divergence

Crop acreage and its spatial distribution are a base for agriculture related works. Current research combining medium and low spatial resolution images focuses on data fusion and unmixing methods. The purpose of the former is to generate synthetic fine spatial resolution data instead of directly solving the problem. In the latter, high-resolution data is only used to provide endmembers and the result is usually an abundance map rather than the true spatial distribution data. To solve this problem, this paper designs a conceptual model which divides the study area into different types of pixels at a MODIS 250 m scale. Only three types of pixels contain winter wheat, i.e., pure winter wheat pixels (P_A), the mixed pixels comprising winter wheat and other vegetation (M_A) and the mixed pixels comprising winter wheat and other crops (M_B). Different strategies are used in processing them. (1) Within the pure cultivated land pixels, the Kullback–Leibler (KL) divergence is employed to analyze the similarity between unknown pixels and the pure winter wheat samples on the temporal change characteristics of NDVI. Further P_A is identified. (2) For M_A, a proposed reverse unmixing method is firstly used to extract the temporal change information of cultivated land components, after which winter wheat is identified from the cultivated land components as previously described. (3) For M_B which only appears on the border of P_A, a mask is created by expanding the P_A and temporal difference is utilized to identify winter wheat under the mask. Finally, these three results are integrated at a TM scale with the aid of 25 m resolution land use data. We applied the proposed solution and obtained a good result in the main agricultural area of the Yiluo River Basin. The identified winter wheat planting acreage is 161,050.00 hm². The result is validated based on the five-hundred random validation points. Overall accuracy is 94.80% and Kappa coefficient is 0.85. This demonstrates that the temporal information reflecting crop growth is also an important indicator, and the KL divergence makes it more convenient in identifying winter wheat. This research provided a new perspective for the combination of low and medium spatial resolution remote sensing images. The proposed solution can also be effectively applied in other places and countries for the crop which has a clear temporal change characteristic that is different from others.     

基于地球静止气象卫星的地表参数遥感研究进展

地表参数定量遥感反演是遥感科学研究的重要环节.21世纪以来,地球静止气象卫星数据在地表参数遥感反演中受到越来越多的重视.本文对利用地球静止气象卫星进行地表参数遥感反演研究的进展进行了综述.文章首先简单介绍了当前正在运行的欧盟Meteosat、美国GOES-R、日本葵花和中国风云静止卫星系统,随后详细总结了不同卫星系统估...