恒星内部的超声速对流区

依传统的局部混合长理论进行了对流包层模型计算,在黄红巨星和超巨星对流区的顶部出现超声速对流的情况,这与局部对流理论本身是不自恰的．文章详细分析了恒星大气超声速对流的成因,并按照星族Ⅰ恒星的演化轨迹,在赫罗图上给出了出现超声速对流的区域．其结果是。在演化过程中, (1)低质量星基本不出现超声速对流; (2)中等质量星的超声速对流主要出现在3．6相似文献   

恒星内部的贯穿对流(英文)

贯穿对流是恒星演化理论长期未获很好解决的理论问题。尽管它已有近五十年的研究历史 ,但至今人们对贯穿对流仍存在很多的错误的理解。究其原因是因为人们对贯穿对流的理解依然停留在唯象的混合长理论图象上。根据一种非局部对流理论 ,我们揭示了贯穿对流区的结构。在太阳下部的贯穿对流区 ,温度梯度是亚绝热的 ,但是是超辐射的。本文还对恒星对流理论给出了一个简短的评述。     

新不透明度下对流超射对大中质量恒星演化的影响

本文采用国际上最新的辐射不透明度表，计算了有对流超射的两颗大中质量星从主序到中心氦燃烧结束阶段的演化，并和经典对流条件下的演化结果进行比较，发现恒星在赫罗图中的演化轨迹，中心氢、氦燃烧寿命，氢壳层源的特性都有明显变化，还注意到中等质量恒星的Tc-ρc关系对是否有对流超射较为敏感，并对这些变化进行了理论分析．     

关于太阳底部贯穿对流区的延伸程度

众所周知 ,贯穿对流对恒星演化有至关重要的影响 .然而至今对此问题尚无完善的理论处理方法 .尽管该问题已经取得了很大的进展[1-4 ] ,但在恒星演化计算中处理贯穿对流最广泛的仍是某种唯象的混合长理论[5,6] .日震学提供了一个探测太阳内部结构的强有力手段 ,它对恒星对流理论给出了一个严格的限制 .　　在过去几年中 ,利用日震方法探测太阳对流区之下贯穿对流区的结构引起了人们的特别关注 .所有的理论研究都是根据这样一种简单的唯象贯穿对流模型[5-9] :在稍许高于绝热温度梯度的对流区的下方 ,紧贴着的是一个稍许低于绝热温度梯度的贯穿…     

新不透明度下对流超射对大中质量恒星演化的影响

本采用国际上最新的辐射不透明度表，计算了有对流超射的两颗大中质量星从主序到中心氦燃烧结束阶段的演化，并和经典对流条件下的演化结果进行比较，发现恒星在赫罗图中的演化轨迹，中心氢、氦燃烧寿命，氢壳层源的特性都有明显变化，还注意到中等质量恒星的Ｔｃ－ρｃ关系对是否有对流超射较为敏感，并对这些变化进行了理论分析。     

恒星对流κ-ω模型的性质研究

为了将Li提出的k-ω模型应用到一般的恒星环境中,有必要研究其中模型参数的物理意义,以便限定它们的取值范围.研究表明,模型参数c'_μ的变化对湍流的Peclet数、湍动能、特征时标和特征长度都有影响,除此之外,随着它的增加,底部对流超射区中湍动能的衰减速率明显加快;模型参数c'_μ与等效混合长参数α都与对流传热效率成正比,它们的对数存在线性关系;模型参数c'_μ和底部对流超射区中湍动能的衰减指数θ之间取对数后也存在线性关系.对于太阳,可得到一组合适的模型参数值:c'_μ=0.004,α=1.7.     

SAGE巡天介绍Ⅱ——恒星大气参数估计

主要介绍SAGE巡天的恒星大气参数计算方法。首先回顾了前人利用恒星颜色确定恒星大气参数的工作;然后介绍了确定参数的多项式拟合和深度学习两种方法,并对每一种方法的原理、误差和特点进行了详细描述;最后对利用SAGE巡天恒星大气参数的前景进行展望。     

类太阳色球活动恒星的高色散光谱观测和锂丰度

基于对9颗类太阳色球活动恒星高信噪比的高色散光谱观测, 测量了这些恒星锂线(入 = 6707.8 A'')的等值宽度, 计算了这些恒星表层锂元素丰度. 通过研究这些类太阳色球活动恒星锂丰度和X射线光度之间的关系, 发现X射线光度 强的类太阳色球活动恒星锂丰度值大于X射线较弱的恒星. 也就是说活动性较强的类太阳色球活动恒星其锂丰度较高, 活动性较弱的类太阳色球活动恒星其锂丰度较低. 考虑到主序的类太阳恒星锂元素和恒星自转速度随着恒星年龄的增加逐渐减少, 以及随着类太阳色球活动恒星自转速度的减小, 色球活动又逐渐变弱. 因此类似于锂丰度, 类太阳色球活动恒星自转速度的大小和恒星的 活动水平也同样可以表明恒星的年龄.     

中等质量恒星星风物质损失的机制

在考虑引力对星风物质损失的制约效果及辐射压与湍流压对其扰动效果的同时,通过引入可压缩流机制,考虑了恒星外壳对流区对星风物质损失的促进作用,从而建立了新的星风物质损失公式.之后,通过对3～5 M_⊙恒星理论模型的星风物质损失率计算,发现:从主序直至中心氦核燃烧结束阶段,新的星风物质损失公式计算所得星风物质损失率与经典星风物质损失公式计算结果几乎一致;而在TP-AGB阶段,应用新的星风物质损失公式计算的恒星模型则不受光度影响产生了持续的较大的星风物质损失,比较符合实际观测结果.     

A Note on the Supersonic Convection in Stellar Atmospheres

By using a non-local convection theory, both the local and nonlocal convective envelope models of evolutionary series of stars with masses from 1 to 30 solar masses are calculated. The problem of supersonic convection is reviewed. The results show that the convective velocities in the stellar atmosphere are seriously overestimated by the local mixing-length theory. Convection is strongly supersonic in the atmospheres of yellow giant and super-giants, while the local mixing-length theory is used. However, it becomes subsonic for most stars when convection returns to the normal nonlocal treatment. Convection velocities increase with increase of luminosities of stars. There is still weak supersonic convection in few red and yellow giant and super-giants. It is suspected whether this supersonic convection in stellar atmospheres is true.     

Stellar Convection

Seismology provides powerful tests of convection deep instellar interiors. First, the role of convective overshoot and lowefficiency convection, two areas of uncertainty with importantastrophysical implications, are reviewed briefly. In the rest of thetalk, a critical introduction to numerical simulations of radiativehydrodynamics will be given. The basic underlyingassumptions and challenges are explained, and some recent resultsare presented.     

A Note on the Mixing Length Theory and Massive Star Evolution

1 INTRODUCTIONThe mixing length theory (MLT) for stellar convection originally developed by Vitense(1953, 1958) has been the most popularly used local convection theory in the studies of stellarstructure and evolution. The theory was later modified and revised by many investigators,who suggested some different expressions. In fact, MLT is not a real hydrodynamic theory,rather, it is a simple "ballistic" theory which traces the motion of imaginary convective elements. In reality j stell…     

A-star envelopes: a test of local and non-local models of convection

We present results of a fully non-local, compressible model of convection for A-star envelopes. This model quite naturally reproduces a variety of results from observations and numerical simulations which local models based on a mixing length do not. Our principal results, which are for models with T _eff between 7200 and 8500 K, are the following. First, the photospheric velocities and filling factors are in qualitative agreement with those derived from observations of line profiles of A-type stars. Secondly, the He  ii and H  i convection zones are separated in terms of convective flux and thermal interaction, but joined in terms of the convective velocity field, in agreement with numerical simulations. In addition, we attempt to quantify the amount of overshooting in our models at the base of the He  ii convection zone.     

Stellar models for very low-mass main-sequence stars: the role of model atmospheres

We present very low-mass stellar models as computed using non-grey model atmospheres for selected assumptions about the stellar metallicities. The role of atmospheres is discussed and the models are compared with models based on the Eddington approximation, and with similar models that have appeared in the recent literature. Theoretical predictions concerning both the HR diagram location and the mass–luminosity relation are presented and discussed in terms of expectations in selected photometric bands. Comparison with available observational data concerning both galactic globular clusters and dwarfs in the solar neighbourhood reveals a satisfactory agreement together with the existence of some residual mismatches.     

A high-resolution stellar library for evolutionary population synthesis

We present a library of 1654 high-resolution stellar spectra, with a sampling of 0.3 Å and covering the wavelength range from 3000 to 7000 Å. The library was computed with the latest improvements in stellar atmospheres, incorporating non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (non-LTE) line-blanketed models for hot, massive  ( T _eff≥ 27 500 K)  and line-blanketed models for cool  (3000 ≤ T _eff≤ 4500 K)  stars. The total coverage of the grid is  3000 K ≤ T _eff≤ 55 000 K  and  −0.5 ≤ log g ≤ 5.5  , for four chemical abundance values: twice solar, solar, half solar and 1/10 solar. Evolutionary synthesis models using this library are presented in a companion paper. We tested the general behaviour of the library by calculating and comparing equivalent widths of numerous H and He  i lines, and some of the commonly used metallic indices. We also compared the library with the empirical libraries STELIB and Indo-US. The full set of the synthetic stellar spectra is available from our websites ( http://www.iaa.csic.es/~rosa and http://www.astro.iag.usp.br/~lucimara/library.htm ).