Research on realization of Kirchhoff remigration

Remigration is an imaging method that maps migrated image fields of different migration velocity fields to each other.It is mainly used for migration velocity analysis, wave mode transformation, and data regu-larization.Theoretically, this kind of mapping can be realized by differential operator, or by integral operator. Compared between the two, the integral operator achieves higher computational efficiency and has more adapta-bility to the irregularity of the input data.Given the fact, the authors worked out the depth domain remigration method based on the Kirchhoff integral theory with the basic theory and workflow of the Kirchhoff remigration. The calculation results on the gradient model and Marmousi model verify the effectiveness of this method.In ad-dition, numerical experiments show that integral method is faster than the differential method.     

大气稳定度分类中定时观测整数风资料的正确应用法

本文提出定时观测整数风资料正确地用于大气稳定度分类的1/2计数修正方案,成都、重庆各十年的统计结果表明:该修正方案的统计结果与国家标准规定的自记风统计结果十分吻合,从而使整数风速能替代自记风速用于大气稳定度统计,而不带来多大误差。     

Internal Multiple Prediction Based on Imaging Profile Prediction and Kirchhoff Demigration

This paper introduces an internal multiple prediction method based on imaging profile prediction and Kirchhoff demigration. First, based on an inputted prestack time migration profile, the method predicts the prestack time migration profile that only includes internal multiples by inverse scattering series method. Second, the method uses velocity-weighted Kirchhoff demigration to create shot gathers that contains only internal multiples. Internal multiple prediction based on the prestack time migration profile effectively reduces the computational cost of multiple predictions, and the internal-multiple shot gathers created by Kirchhoff demigration remarkably reduces the complexity of the practical problem. Internal multiple elimination can be conducted through the combined adaptive multiple subtraction based on event tracing. Synthetic and field data tests show that the method effectively predicts internal multiples and possesses considerable potential in field data processing, particularly in areas where internal multiples develop seriously.     

Study on virtual source method under complex overburden in horizontal well

In conventional seismic exploration,complex overburden prevents us from imaging the deeper under- ground structure,because near-surface velocity model cannot be efficiently simplified and accurately estab- lished． The virtual source method provides a promising solution,which images below a complex overburden without the knowledge of overburden velocities and near-surface changes． In this paper,the authors simulate the forward modeling under complex overburden with sources on the surface and receivers in the horizontal well, and reset the real sources into the horizontal well using the virtual source method,which subtly avoid the distor- tion effects of the complex overburden． Finally the underground structure can be imaged using Kirchhoff migra- tion,so the feasibility and advantages of the virtual source method are verified．     

Influences of coarse grid selection on Kirchhoff beam migration

Kirchhoff beam migration is a beam migration method, which focuses on rapid imaging of geological structures. Although this imaging method ignores the amplitude information in the calculation process, it can calculate multi-arrival traveltime. This migration method takes into account both imaging accuracy and computational efficiency. Kirchhoff beam migration employs coarse grid techniques in several key steps such as traveltime calculation, weight function calculation, and imaging calculation. The selection of the coarse mesh size has an important influence on the computational efficiency and imaging accuracy of the migration imaging method. This paper will analyze this influence and illustrate the analysis results by the Marmousi data sets.     

基于模型和空间相关性的GPS时间序列插值方法

针对GPS时间序列的空缺,根据数据固有特性和空间特性,提出基于模型和噪声空间相关性的GPS时间序列插值方法,并以陕西省GPS连续站为例验证该方法对长空缺插值的优势。通过实验分析不同情况的空缺和插值对GPS时间序列速度、周期项以及噪声特性的影响。结果表明,空缺对速度影响较小,较少的观测也可以较好地反映地壳线性运动;空缺对周期项影响较大,利用GPS分析周期性运动时必须考虑空缺的影响;噪声频谱分析显示离散空缺比长空缺影响大,噪声特性分析时应注意。     

利用GPS资料求解中国大陆应变场的新方法

探讨利用边长变化方法解算区域应变场,并用该方法对1999-2001年中国大陆及周边区域网GPS测站边长变化量进行分析,给出了该期间的中国大陆应变率场变化.分析结果表明:对大范围、密集的GPS测站的边长变化量进行连续变形分析,既能揭示中国大陆地壳应变的总体分布,又能显示局部地区的构造获得.总体上,中国大陆构造的水平变形强...     

Numerical evaluation of longitudinal motions of Wigley hulls advancing in waves by using Bessho form translating-pulsating source Green’S function

In the framework of 3D potential flow theory, Bessho form translating-pulsating source Green’s function in frequency domain is chosen as the integral kernel in this study and hybrid source-and-dipole distribution model of the boundary element method is applied to directly solve the velocity potential for advancing ship in regular waves. Numerical characteristics of the Green function show that the contribution of local-flow components to velocity potential is concentrated at the nearby source point area and the wave component dominates the magnitude of velocity potential in the far field. Two kinds of mathematical models, with or without local-flow components taken into account, are adopted to numerically calculate the longitudinal motions of Wigley hulls, which demonstrates the applicability of translating-pulsating source Green’s function method for various ship forms. In addition, the mesh analysis of discrete surface is carried out from the perspective of ship-form characteristics. The study shows that the longitudinal motion results by the simplified model are somewhat greater than the experimental data in the resonant zone, and the model can be used as an effective tool to predict ship seakeeping properties. However, translating-pulsating source Green function method is only appropriate for the qualitative analysis of motion response in waves if the ship geometrical shape fails to satisfy the slender-body assumption.     

Elastic reverse time migration based on vector wavefield decomposition

Prestack elastic reverse time migration ( RTM) requires multicomponent seismic data .But for multi-component elastic Kirchhoff migration , there is a limitation that ray theory no longer applies if thegeology be-comes complicated .In this paper, the authors have created a new 2D migration context for isotropic , elastic RTM, which included decomposition of the elastic source and receiver wavefields into P and S wave vectors by decoupled elastodynamic extrapolation , which retained the same stress and particle velocity components as the input data .Then we appliedsource-normalized crosscorrelation imaging condition in elastic reverse time migra-tion to compensate the energy of deep strata .We found that the resulting images were nearly identical to the ve-locity model , and the resolution has been improved .Our method is a wavefielddecomposition based on vector , and we can alsoavoid the problem of polarity reversal of converted shear wave imaging .It proved the applicabili-ty of the method proposed in our paper .     

基于"山西2015速度模型"的定位方法对比研究

为了确定山西台网基于“山西2015速度模型”的相对固定的定位方法,选择2010~2016年最大空隙角小于45°、参与定位台站数大于40的103个地震事件,分别采用单纯形法、Hypo2000、Hyposat结合PTD等3种方法重新测定。结果显示,单纯形法和Hyposat结合PTD测定的残差以及网缘地震的震中距两方面均优于Hypo2000;在震源深度方面,Hyposat结合PTD的结果较为可信。综合分析认为,基于“山西2015速度模型”定位地震时,山西台网应固定使用Hyposat结合PTD的方法。     

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Research on ray tracing in VTI medium based on different models

The study on seismic anisotropy is one of the difficult problems in the field of geophysics nowadays.As a method of ray theory,the seismic anisotropy ray tracing is an important means to study the anisotropic seismic wave propagation. The traditional ray tracing system formulated in terms of elastic parameters in the anisotropy is more complicated than that in the isotropic case. Considering the difficulty,a kind of ray tracing system formulated in terms of phase velocity and group velocity is introduced. The new method is similar to the expressions for isotropic media,and avoids the trouble of determining the eigenvalue vector at each time. Besides the ray tracing numerical simulation of different models of vertical transversely isotropic( VTI) medium is carried out,in order to verify the accuracy and applicability of the method and further study the characteristics of wave field propagation in different VTI mediums. The study is certainly valuable in reference for later processing of the anisotropic seismic data.     

一种基于地球剖分网格的区域面积计算方法

区域面积计算是区域分析的基础。随着空间信息剖分组织理论的发展,地球剖分网格受到广泛关注,并且显示了在空间大数据组织能力上的潜力。球面空间与欧式空间不同胚导致地球剖分网格规格不一的特征,在进行区域面积计算时需要先将网格转换回对应的经纬度范围,再进行积分运算,流程复杂,计算效率不高。由此本文根据GeoSOT全球参考网格的剖分方案,基于矩阵变换的分块、邻接操作以及向量的乘法运算,设计了一种可以摆脱经纬度和积分运算的面积计算方法,并针对此方法设计实验验证了其可行性和高效性,为网格体系下区域面积计算提供一种新思路。     

球谐分析方法对GRACE大气去混频模型计算的影响

基于球谐分析的解析积分公式,导出5种适合于大气去混频模型计算的球谐分析公式。采用无误差和加入误差的模拟大气压数据,通过“闭环”过程分析了5种球谐分析方法的正确性和有效性。基于ERA-Interim表面大气压数据,采用5种球谐分析方法计算了5组大气去混频模型。通过星间距离变率残差和累计大地水准面误差比较可知,不同球谐分析方法可导致星间距离变率残差的差距最大达0.6 nm/s。第一类Neumann方法精度最高,证明5种球谐分析方法对现有GRACE卫星重力恢复的影响可忽略;但对于未来采用激光测距的卫星重力任务,建议大气去混频模型计算采用第一类Neumann方法。     

拼装式顶管接头抗弯刚度及管节内力计算

随着顶管断面尺寸不断增大，管节的运输问题逐渐突显，拼装式顶管技术可以有效解决该问题。在现有拼装式结构接头基础上，提出了拼装式顶管管节横向接头的连接方式，并以螺栓拼装式管节为研究对象，建立了横向接头抗弯刚度计算模型，结合盾构管片梁-弹簧模型，提出了拼装式管节结构计算方法。其内力计算结果表明:拼装式和整体式管节内力分布规律基本一致；拼装式管节的侧壁弯矩小于整体式管节，顶部和底部弯矩大于整体式管节，二者内力无急剧变化；从内力分布与大小看，拼装式管节是可用的。      

基于多尺度球面小波分析云南地区应变特征

使用GAMIT/GLOBK软件处理2011~2016年云南地区GPS区域站观测数据,扣除同震影响、区域欧拉均匀旋转矢量后,得到该区域的GPS水平速度场,并采用多尺度球面小波模型获取分解尺度分别为6、7、8和9时的云南地区GPS应变场,然后结合云南地区历史MS5.0以上地震信息,以及小江、红河等区域断裂活动情况分析该区域应变场的空间分布特征。结果显示,在区域应变场整体解算中,利用球面小波方法能够适应测站点的疏密变化,多尺度估计地表应变场。主应变、面膨胀和剪应变等分析结果与区域历史地震信息及对应区域断裂活动性质具有较好的吻合性。从应变结果看,红河断裂可能是具有重要构造意义的活动断裂,应变特征显示云南区域被红河断裂划分为2个特征区域;云南地区的鲁甸、腾冲、普洱、大理区域可能是地震活动较为剧烈的区域;小江断裂带中的嵩明区域在不同应变特征中均表现出高度异常,后期应予重点关注。
     

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重力数据误差对大地水准面模型建立的影响

基于Stokes理论建立的大地水准面模型,其精度受重力数据误差,即重力数据分辨率、精度以及积分范围的影响。针对这一问题,通过重力场谱特征分析,给出不同地形区域重力数据分辨率以及积分半径造成的大地水准面高频截断误差的量级大小,计算平均重力异常误差对大地水准面建模精度的影响。研究成果对不同地形区域cm级大地水准面模型的建立具有理论与指导意义。     

对欧拉矢量附加不等式约束的RELSM模型及其应用

借鉴选权拟合思想,对区域地壳运动的整体旋转和线性应变模型中欧拉矢量部分附加不等式约束,将区域地壳运动的欧拉参数约束到由多年观测资料确定的平均欧拉参数值附近,建立附有不等式约束的整体旋转和线性应变模型。对中国大陆构造环境监测网络在环渤海区域的近几期GPS观测速度场数据进行拟合分析,结果表明,本文方法通过不等式约束可适当增强块体整体运动趋势的平滑性,获得对速度场更高的拟合精度,可进一步增强模型的物理解释能力。     

多源、多类、多时态非线性数据处理的整体降维解算

针对当今各国十分关注、大力倡导的“数字地球”、“数字国家”、“数字矿山”等科学工程构建中的多源，多维、多类型，多时态，多糖度并具有非线性特征的数据处理，及其函数模型中同时包含有非随机参数和随机参数，而随机参数又常常是随时间动态变化的情况，如仍采用经典的最小二乘处理方法或一般的非线性最小二乘数据处理方法，是不准确、不科学的。为此，提出了一种新的数据处理方法，即广州非线性动态最小二乘数据处理方法。针对广州非线最小二乘问题维数高的特殊结构，在已研究提出的分离迭代求解模型的基础上，提出了另一种新的整体降维解算的模型和算法，使原问题庞大的高维方程组的解算得以简化，将待求参数分离求解，大大减少了计算工作量，为多源，多维，多类型，多时态，多精度的非线性数据处理开辟了另一新途径。