合山市矿山地质环境影响评价研究

广西合山属于煤炭资源枯竭型城市,正在经历的市域经济转型与大规模城市建设,使得矿山地质环境影响评价成为一项基础性工作。将矿山地质环境影响评价划分为两个层次,即采矿活动对矿山地质环境影响评价和城市建设对地质环境的影响评价。选取矿山地质环境条件、矿山开采状况、矿山地质环境问题3个地质环境要素,地形地貌、植被覆盖率、岩土体工程特征、矿山分布密度、煤层倾斜角度、煤层采深采厚比、土地资源破坏强度、水资源破坏强度、地质灾害发育强度9个评价指标,首先应用模糊综合评价模型进行了第一层次的矿山地质环境影响评价,然后采用综合指数评价模型进行了第二层次的地质环境影响评价,结果显示,影响严重区、较严重区、一般区分别为62.87,118.84,175.99km2,各占市域面积的17.6%、33.2%、49.2%。评价结果可作为合山市矿山地质环境综合治理的重要依据。     

贵州省矿山地质环境遥感调查评价

本文论述了利用遥感技术开展矿山地质环境问题调查的方法与技术路线,对贵州全省因矿山开采而诱发或产生的矿区生态环境恶化、水土流失、岩溶石漠化的加剧、水资源污染、地质灾害等各类矿山地质环境问题的遥感影像特征进行了总结。快速、准确、经济地摸清贵州省矿山地质环境现状及矿业开发对生态环境的影响;为合理开发矿产资源、保护地质环境、矿山环境整治、矿山生态恢复与重建、实施矿山地质环境监督等提供基础资料。     

Geo-environmental quality assessment in Jharia coalfield,India, using multivariate statistics and geographic information system

A study on geo-environmental quality assessment in Jharia coalfield, India, has been attempted using multivariate statistical analysis and geographic information system (GIS) modelling techniques. Water quality index, calculated for each sample network station in the study area to assess the suitability of water for human consumption, revealed very poor to poor quality surface water and mine water. Air quality indexing indicated that there is no sample station with clean air as per the Indian standards, which indicate the hazardous air quality. Multi-criteria evaluation (MCE), a potential GIS tool, has been applied to the delineation of various degrees of stressed villages in terms of quality of life (QoL). The role of various geo-environmental parameters such as quality of groundwater, surface water, mine water and air together with village population densities has been emphasized for delineation of the environmentally stressed villages in Jharia coalfield. The integrated cluster analysis and MCE approach provide an improved means to geo-environmental quality assessment in Jharia coalfield in terms of QoL. The assessment study is aimed to be used for future coal mining, ensuring ecologically sustainable industrial development, particularly in a coalfield.     

矿产资源开发中矿山地质环境问题响应差异性研究——以陕西潼关、大柳塔及辽宁阜新矿区为例

以陕西潼关、大柳塔及辽宁阜新矿区为例,采用对比分析的方法研究矿产资源开发中矿山地质环境问题差异性响应的主要因素。上述3个矿区矿产资源开发中矿山地质环境问题主要包括：20世纪90年代以前,陕西潼关金矿区是中国矿产资源开发秩序十分混乱的矿区之一,地下开采的采矿废石随意堆排导致了极为严重的矿山泥石流地质灾害及其隐患,＂三废＂无序排放导致土壤、河水及其底泥的重金属及氰化物污染严重,严重影响人体健康;地处生态环境脆弱带的陕西大柳塔煤矿区,20年大型机械化地下煤炭资源开采导致大面积地面塌陷及其链生的地下水含水层破坏严重,但矿区土地沙漠化程度总体没有呈现加重的趋势,水土环境重金属呈轻度污染;具有百年开发历史的辽宁阜新煤矿区,露天开采使土地生态破坏严重、边坡滑坡灾害频发、土地压占与破坏突出,地下开采引起的地面塌陷对地表建筑物及人居安全影响严重,但相对于金属矿区,该矿区水土环境重金属污染相对轻得多。对比上述3个矿区矿山地质环境问题,得到其差异性响应主要因素：矿产资源种类、原生地质环境条件、开采方式及矿山环境保护意识等。     

基于GIS多准则空间分析(SMCE)的青海省矿产资源开发地质环境脆弱性评价

青海省具有丰富的矿产资源，其可持续开发战略与规划应建立在对地质环境脆弱性评价的基础上。笔者通过分析青海省环境地质问题和地质灾害发育的基本规律，建立了青海省未来矿产资源开发的地质环境脆弱性评价的框架。提出了地质环境脆弱性评价的基本准则和地质评价指标。在荷兰国际地球科学测量与观测学院（ITC）开发的GIS软件——ILWIS环境下，利用其新开发的空间分析功能的SMCE模块，对青海省的地质环境脆弱性进行了评价。结果表明，具有矿产资源远景开发的地区地质环境比较脆弱，对未来的矿产资源开发有着较大的制约作用。     

Sustainable mineral resources management: from regional mineral resources exploration to spatial contamination risk assessment of mining

Wide-spread environmental contamination associated with historic mining in Europe has triggered social responses to improve related environmental legislation, the environmental assessment and management methods for the mining industry. Mining has some unique features such as natural background contamination associated with mineral deposits, industrial activities and contamination in the three-dimensional subsurface space, problem of long-term remediation after mine closure, problem of secondary contaminated areas around mine sites, land use conflicts and abandoned mines. These problems require special tools to address the complexity of the environmental problems of mining-related contamination. The objective of this paper is to show how regional mineral resources mapping has developed into the spatial contamination risk assessment of mining and how geological knowledge can be transferred to environmental assessment of mines. The paper provides a state-of-the-art review of the spatial mine inventory, hazard, impact and risk assessment and ranking methods developed by national and international efforts in Europe. It is concluded that geological knowledge on mineral resources exploration is essential and should be used for the environmental contamination assessment of mines. Also, sufficient methodological experience, knowledge and documented results are available, but harmonisation of these methods is still required for the efficient spatial environmental assessment of mine contamination.     

Assessment of Geological Security and Integrated Assessment Geo-environmental Suitability in Worst-hit Areas in Wenchuan Quake

The Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 and geo-hazards triggered by the earthquake caused large injuries and deaths as well as destructive damage for infrastructures like construction,traffic and electricity.It is urgent to select relatively secure areas for townships and cities constructed in high mountainous regions with high magnitude earthquakes.This paper presents the basic thoughts, evaluation indices and evaluation methods of geological security evaluation,water and land resources security demonstration ...     

Environmental impact assessment of open pit mining in Iran

Mining is widely regarded as having adverse effects on environment of both magnitude and diversity. Some of these effects include erosion, formation of sinkhole, biodiversity loss and contamination of groundwater by chemical from the mining process in general and open-pit mining in particular. As such, a repeatable process to evaluate these effects primarily aims to diminish them. This paper applies Folchi method to evaluate the impact of open-pit mining in four Iranian mines that lacked previous geo-environmental assessment. Having key geologic resources, these mines are: Mouteh gold mine, Gol-e-Gohar and Chogart iron mines, and Sarcheshmeh copper mine. The environmental components can be defined as public health and safety, social relationships, air and water quality, flora and fauna hence, various impacting factors from the mining activities were estimated for each environmental component. For this purpose, each impacting factor was first given a magnitude, based solely on the range of possible scenarios. Thereafter, a matrix of weighted factors was derived to systematically quantify and normalize the effects of each impacting factor. The overall impact upon each individual environmental component was then calculated by summing the weighted rates. Here, Folchi method was applied to evaluate those environmental conditions. Based on the acquired results, the present paper finally concludes that amongst four case histories in Iran, Sarcheshmeh copper mine significantly affects the environment, with critical level of air pollution there.     

中小型矿山固体矿产资源储量核实报告编制值得注意的问题

通过对中小型矿山固体矿产资源储量核实报告评审中遇到的一些常见问题,如报告编制篇幅过长、重点不突出,实物工作量不足,资源储量估算方法不尽合理、缺乏矿山开采经济技术条件分析及环境影响评价内容等,以具体实例对其进行分析,提出报告应依据目的与任务,遵照矿产勘查规范、技术标准编制。在工作中要重点挖掘矿山本身资料,进行现场验证,并与地质勘探资料对比分析,重视特殊地质条件对资源储量估算的影响,针对矿床开采后技术条件发生的变化进行评价,提出解决方法或建议。     

矿山地质灾害危险性评估中几个问题的商榷

笔者认为,为了合理、有效地开发利用矿产资源,在进行矿山地质灾害危险性评估过程中不要采用“禁采区”,建议采用围护带;在现行“规范”规定的基础上应根据各个矿山的具体情况可适当扩大围护带宽度,但不宜超过30m;在计算煤(矿)层顶板安全厚度的系数取值时,应考虑煤(矿)层倾角和围护等级;只有考虑了这些因素获得的地质灾害危险性评估结论,才具有适用性,才能真正为矿山设计和进行地质灾害防治工作提供科学依据。     

广西某石灰岩矿山地质环境影响评估与防治工程

以广西某石灰岩矿山为例,着重介绍矿山地质环境影响评估的基本思路、分析方法及防治对策.在了解矿山基本情况和查清矿山地质环境问题的基础上,结合采矿工程场地地形及工程活动特点,从地质灾害、含水层、地形地貌景观和土地资源4个方面,对矿山配套工程逐项进行了矿山地质环境影响现状评估和预测评估.根据评估结果,将评估区划分为重点、次重点和一般3个防治区,并提出了相应的恢复治理措施.     

基于层次分析法的矿山岩土工程系统环境质量多目标评价模型

矿山开发给矿区环境带来了负面影响,对矿山环境质量进行评价是实现矿业可持续发展的必要手段。笔者建立了矿山岩土工程环境质量多目标评价指标体系,运用层次分析法确定出各个评价指标的权重; 规定了分级规则,并对各个评价指标进行了分级; 建立了矿山岩土工程体系环境质量多目标综合评价模型,并将该模型应用于矿山实际,得出该矿山环境质量较差,需及时采取措施进行治理。     

地质灾害气象预报预警方法探讨--以四川省地质灾害气象预报预警为例

通过研究确定区域地质灾害发生的地形地貌、地层岩性、地质构造等地质环境背景条件,寻找地质灾害发生与气象因素的耦合关系,建立汛期地质灾害气象预报预警模型,结合强降雨天气的预报,对地质环境背景条件与气象因素的叠加评价,对地质灾害的易发程度及分布范围进行预报预警。以四川省地质灾害气象预报预警工作为例,初步建立了地质灾害气象预报预警模型和信息的评价、会商、签发、发布、接收、处理及反馈程序。2003年汛期应用证明,区域性地质灾害的预报预警水平明显提高。     

注浆堵水后试验排水期间矿井残留水量估算

注浆堵水后期,矿井试验排水是对注浆效果进行综合评定,同时也是检查矿井是否具备复矿条件的重要指标。但由于各个矿井地质条件的差异性,致使试验排水得到的一些数据存在一定的歧义,从而误导正常的判断,进而影响矿井生产。以新疆兴陶大北矿业公司大北煤矿试验排水为例,阐述影响矿井试验排水的主要因素,并提出简单估算矿井残留水量的方法,为类似矿井提供了借鉴。     

基于组合赋权的加权秩和比法的底板突水危险性评价

煤层深部开采使得煤矿底板水害事故频发,传统突水危险性评价方法评价指标单一、评价结果偏离实际的弊端逐渐显露,造成众多新型评价方法涌现。以河北省华北型煤田东欢坨矿为研究对象,选取含水层性能、隔水层性能、地质条件、煤层条件的评价因素集,综合考虑10个评价因素,建立适用于东欢坨矿的底板突水危险性评价指标体系;利用层次分析法确定各指标主观权重,利用CRITIC法确定各指标客观权重,将2者耦合得到综合权重,兼顾专家主观经验与数据客观信息,保证权重确定的全面性;引入加权秩和比法,构建评价矩阵,依据指标对评价对象所产生的优劣性影响将其分为高优型指标和低优型指标,编秩计算WRSR值,对数据进行分档排序,确定安全、较安全、较危险、危险4个评价等级区间,形成评价模型;利用GIS强大的空间管理及信息处理功能,完成结果的信息展示;将评价结果与实际工程出水位置相比较,发现突水位置都在底板突水较危险区域,并与传统评价方法突水系数法相对比,证明评价模型有效。研究成果形成了煤层底板突水危险性评价新方法,丰富煤层底板突水危险性评价方法的种类,为煤矿防治水工作者提供新思路。      

金属矿床(山)地质环境评价方法

从实行金属矿床穴山雪地质环境评价出发,对大量地质信息进行转化并归纳出4个地质环境因子,根据不同的资料类型采用不同的评价方案:对无空间属性的资料(16个地质环境指标),根据其影响程度采用“五分制”进行评测;对有空间属性的资料,通过建立评价模型并采用经验和计算法进行赋权后,利用GIS进行空间分析,最终获得矿床(山)环境质量综合评价结果。     

基于模糊综合评判和GIS技术的矿山地质环境影响评价

蒲白矿产资源集中开采区分布于渭北黑腰带地区的蒲城和白水县,煤炭、石灰岩、铝土矿和粘土等多种矿产的持续开发,产生了各类的矿山地质环境问题,其中煤矿采空区塌陷及裂缝最为突出。选取了地形相对高差、岩土体特征、开采方式、有效深厚比、采空区面积比、矿山地质灾害发育密度、地下水位、压占破坏土地资源等11个指标作为评价因子,构建了矿山地质环境影响评价指标体系。采用模糊综合评判法对研究区矿山地质环境影响进行评价,并结合GIS空间分析技术划分为矿山地质环境影响严重区12个,较严重区4个,较轻区2个。评价结果与实际调查情况较为相近,较客观的反映了采矿活动对矿山地质环境的影响,并结合区内实际提出了矿山地质环境恢复治理措施建议,为矿山地质环境保护与恢复治理提供了依据。     

六盘水煤田煤层气赋存特征及有利区评价

近5年来,六盘水煤田多个区块的煤层气试采开发取得了较大突破,但其煤层气聚集单元多、勘探开发条件差异大,整体评价该区煤层气赋存特征及预测综合有利区对本区煤层气开发决策至关重要。研究区有22个主要含煤向斜,即煤层气聚集单元,不同煤层气聚集单元上二叠统含煤岩系具有单煤层厚度薄、顶底板封盖性好、煤层含气量高、地应力较大、煤体结构偏差、低孔低渗、储层超压频繁的共性特征,但在煤层气资源丰度、资源量、煤层累计厚度、构造、埋深、煤阶、试采效果、勘探程度和地面条件等方面差异较大,根据各煤层单元的共性与差异性确定了煤层气综合开发评价的3个二级指标（资源条件、储集条件和开发基础条件）及对应的9个三级指标,采用多层次模糊数学方法对22个煤层气聚集单元进行了有利区优选排序,优选出5个建议优先开发的煤层气单元、9个适合接替开发的煤层气单元及8个远景煤层气开发单元。      

多层次模糊数学在煤层气开发潜力评价中的应用

对影响煤层气勘探开发潜力的各种因素进行了综合研究,确定了煤层气勘探开发潜力评价的4个二级指标(含气丰度、封盖性能、开采条件和产气性能)及相应的三级指标。采用模糊数学方法对各级因素指标赋予了权重,建立了用于煤层气勘探开发潜力评价的多层次模糊数学评判模型。利用该模型,对川南盆地群煤层气资源条件较好的古叙、松藻、筠连和芙蓉4个无烟煤矿区的煤层气开发潜力进行了评价,认为松藻矿区是川南盆地煤层气勘探开发的最佳试验区。建立的评价体系,可以作为高煤阶煤层气资源开发潜力评价的参考体系。      

海外铜矿投资项目的一种综合评价方法探讨 ——以非洲为例

中资企业海外矿业投资面临公开资料少、距离远、工作程度低等问题,很难客观评估项目好坏,给海外投资带来巨大风险.本文以非洲铜矿项目为例,提出了一种定性与定量相结合的多因素综合评价方法,针对不同矿床类型,通过开展典型项目研究,构建综合评价指标体系,建立评价模型,从资源禀赋、资源潜力、开发条件以及可获得性四个方面开展项目综合评...