Metallogeny of the Lannigou Sedimentary Rock-hosted Disseminated Gold Deposit in Southwestern Guizhou Province, China

The Lannigou deposit is a large-sized sedimentary rock-hosted disseminated gold （SRHDG） deposit located in the Youjiang Basin. It is hosted by the Middle Triassic turbidite. Wall rock alterations, including silicification, pyritization, arsenopyritization, carbonatization and argillization, commonly occur along fractures. PGE study demonstrates that either Permian basalts or Triassic ultrabasic intrnsives are unlikely to be the main source of gold mineralization. Coupled with the lack of other nmgmatic activity in the vicinity of the mining area, an amagmatic origin is proposed. Organic matter compositions and GC-MS analysis of the ores and host rocks show that the organics in the ores and the host rocks have a common source; the organic matter in the ores was mainly indigenous. The positive correlation between S2 and Au contents, along with the common occurrence of organic inclusions, suggest involvement of organic matter in the ore-forming process in terms of promoting Au leaching from the source rocks, making colloidal Au migration possible, as well as hydrocarbon reduction of sulphate. Geological and geochemical characteristics of the Lannigou deposit suggest that it was formed through circulation of meteoric water and probably less importantly organic bearing formation water driven by high geothermal gradient caused by late Yanshanian extension, which leached Au from the source bed, and then migrated as Au-bisnlfides and colloidal Au, culminating in deposition by reduction-adsorption and surface complexation of gold onto the growth surface of arsenlan pyrite.     

黔西南卡林型金矿勘查中的构造地球化学研究

黔西南卡林型（微细浸染型）金的成矿作用在时间上与右江造山带区域地质构造热事件相扣合,金矿体形产状以及金富集程度和矿体规模在空间上受控矿构造几何学、运动学和动力学的制约。上述现象实质则是矿床成矿作用受构造地球化学行为的控制。     

Sediment—Hosted Gold Deposits in China_geochemistry and Prospecting

Sediment-hosted gold deposits are the major type of gold resources in china,Concen trated mostly in the two“Triangle Regios“,they are generally hosted in fine-clastic turbidite,hydrothermal chet and marl ranging from cambrian to Triassic in age,structurally controlled by domes,anticlines and second-ordered faults.They are similar to the Carlin-type gold deposits in mineral assemblage and geochemical marks,with an element association closely comparable to those of modern springs and submarine hydrothermal sediments.Organic matter may have played an important role in mineralization .The ore solution may be hydrothermally altered meteoric water developed i areas of local geothermal anomaly.     

金矿床中的有机质及其有机成矿作用

金矿床中的有机质及其有机成矿作用胡凯（南京大学地球科学系,南京２１００９３）关键词金矿床有机质有机成矿作用金矿床中有机质的存在及对有机成矿作用的认识早在本世纪初就引起了许多地球化学家的广泛兴趣。Ｆｒｅｉｓｅ［１］和Ｆｅｔｚｅｒ［２］利用从褐煤和富含有...     

Metamorphic Rock-hosted Disseminated Gold Deposits--A Case Study of the Xiaotongjiapuzi Gold Deposit of Eastern Liaoning

The Xiaotongjiapuzi gold deposit occurs in a Palaeoproterozoic rift accretionary terrane in eastern Liaoning and is hosted by a carbonate formation of the Dashiqiao Formation, Liaohe Group. The metamorphic grade of the host rock is low amphibolite-high greenschist facies. Gold, which is mainly invisible, is distributed in pyrite and arsenopyrite. The grains of Au-bearing sulphide minerals are fine, ranging from 0.0 n to 1 mm. The wall-rock alterations are characterized by low-temperature silification, hydro-sericitization, sericitization and carbonatization. The homogenization temperatures of the fluid inclusions in quartz closely associated with gold mineralization range from 140 to 240° C. The metallogenic age represented by the Ar-Ar isotopic age of sericite is 167 Ma. Comparisons and studies show that the Xiaotongjiapuzi gold deposit can be classified as the submicron-sized disseminated deposit (analogous to the Carlin-type) hosted in metamorphic rocks.     

应用ICP-MS研究黔西南地区构造蚀变体稀土元素地球化学特征

构造蚀变体(SBT)是沉积作用、构造作用和热液蚀变的综合产物。SBT作为黔西南地区金、锑、萤石等矿产的重要就位空间,金锑矿成矿与其密切相关。近年在黔西南地区发现了丰富的金资源量,关键在于SBT体系的提出及与之为核心的成矿模式的建立和应用。本文应用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)分析了黔西南台地相区典型矿床的SBT样品,揭示稀土元素的地球化学特征。结果表明,不同矿区SBT的ΣREE=49.55×10~(-6)~271.72×10~(-6),含量变化较大,LREE/HREE=5.62~13.59,轻重稀土分馏明显,轻稀土富集;SBT对北美页岩和CI球粒陨石标准化配分模式图均表现为轻稀土富集的右倾型、"四分组"效应明显、强烈热液作用,为同一体系的产物;大厂至戈塘一线显示高的正铕异常,推测有两个方向含矿热液在此汇聚。本文系统对比了黔西南地区SBT稀土元素地球化学特征,反映该区成矿流体来源及演化,为本区微细浸染型金矿的成矿预测提供了依据。     

江西大背坞金矿床地球化学研究

江西大背坞金矿床地球化学研究刘建民王平安董法先陈柏林（中国地质科学院地质力学研究所，北京１０００８１）关键词地球化学金矿床大背坞江西１矿床地质特征及矿区地球化学场大背坞金矿床位于江西省浮梁县，属含金石英脉型高中温岩浆热液矿床。矿区地层为中元古代双桥山...     

Metamorphic Rock-hosted Disseminated Gold Deposits—A Case Study of the Xiaotongjiapuzi Gold Deposit of Eastern Liaoning

The Xiaotongjiapuzi gold deposit occurs in a Palaeoproterozoic rift accretionary terrane in eastern Liaoning and is hosted by a carbonate formation of the Dashiqiao Formation, Liaohe Group. The metamorphic grade of the host rock is low amphibolite-high greenschist facies. Gold, which is mainly invisible, is distributed in pyrite and arsenopyrite. The grains of Au-bearing sulphide minerals are fine, ranging from 0.0 n to 1 mm. The wall-rock alterations are characterized by low-temperature silification, hydro-sericitization, sericitization and carbonatization. The homogenization temperatures of the fluid inclusions in quartz closely associated with gold mineralization range from 140 to 240° C. The metallogenic age represented by the Ar-Ar isotopic age of sericite is 167 Ma. Comparisons and studies show that the Xiaotongjiapuzi gold deposit can be classified as the submicron-sized disseminated deposit (analogous to the Carlin-type) hosted in metamorphic rocks.     

贵州松桃西溪堡锰矿沉积地球化学特征

贵州黔东断裂坳陷带是贵州重要的锰矿成矿带,并发育新元古代大塘坡期的一套完整“黑色岩系”,锰矿主要赋存于该黑色岩系中。本文以松桃西溪堡锰矿床为例,通过岩石学、矿物学、地球化学等研究方法,探讨这类锰矿床的成矿物质来源及成因。研究表明矿石中的矿物组分复杂,结构构造类型多样,富集As、Sb、Ag、Co、Mo、W、Cs和Ba等元素,Fe／Ti、（Fe＋Mn）／Ti、A1／（AI＋Fe＋Mn）、Y／Ho、Nb／Ta比值,以及Cr．zr和Th．u图解均揭示成矿过程中有热水物质参与;V／（V＋Ni）、V／Cr比值表明锰矿形成于缺氧环境;稀土元素分布模式、Ce、Eu异常及La．Ce、La／Yb．EREE图解显示锰矿形成于被动大陆边缘环境,并具有热水沉积特征。因此,古被动大陆边缘是锰矿富集的理想场所,热水（液）活动为其提供了丰富的物质来源。这为锰矿的找矿拓展了新的思路。     

黔西北天桥铅锌矿床锗地球化学研究

天桥铅锌矿床是川一滇一黔铅锌多金属成矿域黔西北铅锌成矿区内很具代表性的中型矿床,赋矿岩石为石炭系碳酸盐岩,矿床严格受构造控制。本次工作利用ICP—MS分析了该矿床主要矿石矿物（黄铁矿、闪锌矿和方铅矿）中锗的含量,初步查明了该区锗的分布规律,探讨了锗在方铅矿和闪锌矿中的富集机制。结果表明：原生矿体中Ge在方铅矿中的含量和富集系数均明显大于闪锌矿,显示本区Ge在方铅矿中的富集特征;Ge在演化晚期的成矿流体中相对富集,流体中的Ge以“2M（I）＋M（Ⅱ）＋M（Ⅲ）=4Zn（Ⅱ）”形式进入方铅矿．Ge在方铅矿中不是以类质同象形式替代Pb、而是替代其中的Zn。     

贵州贞丰水银洞金矿含矿岩系元素地球化学特征

贵州贞丰水银洞金矿为赋存于二叠系龙潭组煤系地层所夹的不纯灰岩中的盲金矿床,含矿岩系为一套陆源碎屑岩与不纯碳酸盐岩多层交替出现的组合.矿石类型主要为凝灰质生物碎屑灰岩等,金品位高.矿体 SiO2含量平均 21.78%, CaO MgO含量超过 30%,围岩 SiO2含量平均 41.58%, CaO MgO含量平均不到 15%.含矿岩系岩石具有高镁铁、低 Na2O、 K2O远大于 Na2O的特征; As、 Ag和 Tl均有不同程度的富集,矿石中 Au与 As、 Tl有较高的正相关关系; 矿体∑ REE平均 21.8 μ g/g,δ Eu值平均 1.03,无 Eu异常或正异常,围岩∑ REE平均 241.9 μ g/g,δ Eu值平均 1.00,无异常.模式图上,矿体比较明显地富集中稀土元素( Sm- Ho).水银洞金矿地质、元素地球化学组成特征及参数反映了含矿岩系形成时的特定的沉积环境或经历了特殊成矿作用过程.     

Geochemical characteristics and metallogenesis of Carlin-type gold deposits in the Sandu-Danzhai metallogenic zone, Guizhou Province, China

Geochemical studies of the Paiting and Miaolong Carlin-type gold deposits in the Sandu-Danzhai metal-logenic zone,Guizhou Province,have shown that the mineralized-altered rocks show LREE-enrichment patterns,generally displaying negative Eu anomalies(δEu=0.51?0.97) and unobvious negative Ce anomalies(δCe=0.86?0.99).Calcite and fluorite in relation with metallogenesis show MREE-enrichment patterns,generally displaying rather weak negative Eu anomalies(δEu=0.74?0.93) and weak negative Ce(δCe=0.70?0.98) anomalies.The δ13CPDB values of carbon in calcite are-1.61‰?-5.82‰,the δ18OSMOW values of oxygen are 13.97‰?19.24‰,and the δ34SCDT values of sulfur in stibnite are 17.72‰?21.68‰.In regard to δD and δ18O,ore-forming fluids pos-sess the characteristics of metamorphic water.The process of metallogenesis of the Carlin-type gold deposits is con-trolled by the Yanshanian tectonic activities.The Yanshanian movement promoted the migration and mobilization of metamorphic fluids in the extensively developed medium-to high-grade metamorphic rocks in this region,carrying primarily enriched gold and associated elements such as Hg,As,and Sb in the Sinian metamorphosed black shales and Lower Cambrian black shales.The ore-forming fluids found their way into a suitable metallogenic environment along the fault zone,followed by gold precipitation to form gold deposits.     

黔西南地区金矿产出模式及找矿潜力

黔西南地区的金矿床按产出形态可分为层间型、断裂型和土型三种类型。三者是在同一地质背景条件下，不同构造条件控制不同产出形态金矿床的结果。在注意研究它们内在联系的基础上，注意在一种产出形态的矿床的构造单元内寻找其它产出形态的同类型金矿床。特别应当注意在黔西南地区构造有利地段寻找层间型金矿的普查找矿工作。研究指出，产出形态为层间型的金矿床其资源潜力和普查找矿前景巨大。     

贵州东南部的地质构造与金矿床的关系

本文研究了贵州东南部的天柱、锦屏和黎平地区的地质构造特征、该区金矿床特征及其与地质构造的关系。认为区内北部和南部相距数十公里的两条近东西向的基底剪切断裂带构成了本区地堑式的构造格局。由于这两条东西向剪切断裂的剪切作用 ,形成了本区以北东向为主的褶皱和剪切带。北东向褶皱和剪切带构造是在加里东期形成的 ,同时也发生了绿片岩相的变质作用。在背斜形成的同时或稍后剪切作用开始发生 ,剪切作用继承着北东向 ,形成了若干条与褶皱轴平行或相交的剪切带。成矿流体沿着剪切带上升 ,一方面在剪切带中沉淀出穿层产出的不整合破碎带型金矿体 ,即透镜状含金石英脉 ;同时大部分充填到由背斜和剪切作用形成的层间裂隙或层间破碎带中 ,从而形成赋存于浊积岩的顺层产出的层状含金石英脉金矿床。这种类型的含金石英脉 ,无论在品位(多数可见明金 )、储量和产量方面均很有前景 ,并且有着十分重要的学术意义 ,因为这在国内还是首次发现。     

贵州锦屏地区金矿地球化学特征与成矿物源分析

对贵州锦屏石英脉型金矿赋矿地层岩石地球化学分析结果表明,该区金矿赋矿层位新元古代下江群再瓦组—隆里组地层中Au元素含量一般低于上地壳背景值,并随地层由老到新其含量大致具有逐渐减少的特点,但Au及其共伴生元素的富集对地层、岩性并无明显的选择性。金矿石中黄铁矿及毒砂硫同位素分析结果显示:δ~(34)S介于-0. 79‰～5. 93‰之间,大部分与上地幔基性—超基性岩δ~(34)S值相近,少量与中酸性岩相近,表明成矿物质主要来源于上地幔。     

锗、银、金大型超大型矿床的有机地球化学研究

锗、银、金大型超大型矿床的有机地球化学研究庄汉平（中国科学院地球化学研究所，贵阳５５０００２）关键词有机质—金属相互作用褐煤型超大型锗矿床黑色页岩型银钒矿床卡林型金矿床有机地球化学有机质—金属相互作用是有关超大型矿床基础理论研究的重要内容之一。在以往...     

老万场红土型金矿成矿过程的地球化学作用

根据地质地球化学研究所揭示的与成矿地球化学作用有关的宏观和微观特征,对老万场金矿的物质来源和成矿过程的地球化学作用进行了讨论,阐述了成矿（成土）过程中Ａｕ和相关元素的地球化学行为以及本类红土型放形成的地球化学机理。指出了喀斯特红土化作用在原始卡林型金矿风化成土过程中对红土型金矿形成的影响。     

元素共生分异机制的研究现状和趋势——以黔西南微细浸染型金矿区为例

元素共生分异现象在矿床中是普遍存在的。认识和查明元素的共生分异特征和形成机制 ,对丰富成矿理论和指导找矿勘探均具有重要意义。以黔西南微细浸染型金矿区为例 ,对元素共生分异机制的研究现状和存在问题进行了评述。在此基础上 ,肯定了成矿流体地球化学在元素共生分异机制研究中的地位和作用。从成矿流体地球化学研究入手 ,在查明成矿流体来源及时空演化规律的基础上 ,结合矿床地球化学、成矿实验及成矿过程的计算机模拟研究 ,深入研究成矿流体中成矿元素的来源、活化迁移条件及沉淀富集过程的共性及差异 ,是揭示元素共生分异机制的关键所在     

贵州镇宁泥盆系大型重晶石矿床地球化学特征及其成因研究

水城-紫云-南丹深断裂是跨越黔桂两省较为闻名的断裂带,沿断裂带两侧分布一系列矿床类型,贵州镇宁泥盆系大型重晶石矿床位于北西侧。对镇宁大型重晶石矿床的沉积学、地球化学及成矿背景的研究发现,矿石中发育纹层状构造、条带状构造、角砾状构造、碎屑状构造和厚层块状构造等热水沉积构造,常量元素特征揭示该矿床可能形成于以SiO₂及含矿硫酸盐流体的同生混合沉积作用。重晶石矿(岩)石中Sr、Zn和W明显富集,显示热水沉积特征,且该重晶石矿(岩)石在lg U-lg Th和Cr-Zr相关图解上也均显示热水沉积特征。稀土配分模式富集轻稀土,δEu表现正异常,δCe表现负异常,具热水喷流成矿特征。因此,认为镇宁大型重晶石矿属海底热水喷流沉积形成的产物。     

黔西南金矿有机质地球化学研究

黔西南金矿矿石中有机碳含量与金品位之间没有相关关系。有机质为原生沉积形成的各种显微组分和较多成矿期进入的沥青，沥青在各种矿石中普遍出现，成因上具有储层沥青的性质，是石油烃类热演化的产物。沥青热成熟度高，油浸反射率（Ｒ°％）为１．９－４．５，已达晚期甲烷气阶段，估算受热温度为１５０－２４０℃。矿石中干酪根类型以腐泥－腐殖型为主，与石油沥青相比，富集重碳同位素。质子探针分析表明，矿石中沥青的微量元素组成在不同矿区样品中是不同的，同围岩有紧密联系。碳同位素和微量元素结果说明在成矿过程中存在沥青与围岩的物质交换。矿石可溶有机质含量低，由于成矿作用的影响，可能是有机质二次反应的产物，在族组成上同高成熟度碳酸盐岩相似。从烂泥沟金矿矿石有机抽提物芳烃中检出红色素。金矿有机地球化学研究为解释有机质在金矿形成中的作用提供了重要的依据。