Research on natural plants in the lead/zinc mine in northwestern Guizhou Province

A study of soils and four flourish plants in the heavy metal polluted area by lead/zinc mine in northwestem Guizhou Province. In this study four plants were collected, the species were： Sambucus Chinensis Linn, lxeris gracilis （DC.） stebb, Buddlej daxidii Franch.ex.sinarum lmp. and Senecio scandens. The fractions of heavy metals in the soil were distinguished by the short sequential extraction procedure （I. Maiz, 1997）, the available fractions and residual fractions of heavy metals in the soil could be separated. The plant digestion was effected by means of the microwave digest system （Durali Mendil, 2004）. In each step Pb, Zn and Cd were analyzed by FAAS. This study analyzed the heavy metals （Pb, Zn, Cd） contents of the soil and plant. It is found that the contents in the plant increased linearly with heavy metal concentrations in soil. The concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cd in the four plants follow the order of Zn〉Pb〉Cd. Sambucus Chinensis Linn and lxeris gracilis （DC.） stebb were proved to have good metal-enrichment and transport ability for heavy metals in the soil.     

大功率激电在铅锌矿勘查中的应用--以辽宁省岫岩县王家堡子铅锌多金属矿为例

辽宁省岫岩县王家堡子铅锌多金属矿位于青城子-许屯铅锌矿带上,通过大功率激电测量查明工作区激电异常特征,综合地质、化探信息,笔者认为矿区侵入岩区带状极化率异常是铅锌矿的找矿标志,沉积岩中石墨矿化引起区域性高极化,根据激电剖面异常特征有利于区分矿与非矿。     

云南蒙自市南斗冲铅锌矿地质地球化学特征及找矿方向

本文通过对南斗冲铅锌矿区区域地质背景、地层、构造、矿石组构等地质特征以及含矿建造地球化学特征的综合研究表明：南斗冲铅锌矿属构造控制的热液矿床,其成矿流体为沉积盆地中的热卤水经过循环溶解金属矿物形成的含矿热液,矿体主要赋存于岩石构造裂隙中,多形成含矿角砾岩、碎裂化粉晶-细晶白云岩。铅锌矿体分布在南斗冲向斜两翼,受断裂F5和F6控制,主要赋存于寒武系-奥陶系下统博菜田组第二段闪锌矿化碎裂化粉晶-细晶白云岩中。矿石矿物主要有硫化物、氧化物、硫酸盐等3种存在形式,其中主要为硫化物和氧化物矿物。寒武系-奥陶系下统博菜田组为滇东南地区新发现的铅锌矿赋矿层位,为下一步寻找铅锌矿提供了新的找矿方向。     

成矿构造体系对铅锌成矿系统的控制作用——以会泽富锗铅锌矿床为例

会泽铅锌矿是川滇黔铅锌多金属成矿区的超大型矿床之一。以该矿床铅锌成矿系统研究为主线,结合近些年来前人的主要研究成果,深入分析了印支期造山背景对铅锌多金属成矿系统的控制作用,着重讨论了成矿构造体系与成矿系统的成生联系。研究表明,受印支期（成矿期）碰撞造山背景约束,该区发生了斜冲走滑构造作用,形成NE构造带成矿构造体系,为铅锌成矿系统提供了流体“运”移和“储”存条件,构造驱动成矿流体沿会泽矿山厂、麒麟厂断褶带发生大规模“运”移,并与盖层中碳酸盐岩发生水 岩相互作用。深部流体与盆地流体混合、流体不混溶等构造 流体多重耦合作用,使流体物理化学条件改变,导致富矿流体沿三条NE向主断裂上盘背斜的层间压扭性断裂带卸载沉淀,形成NE向延伸、SE倾斜、SW向侧伏延深的雁列式柱状矿体。研究认为,斜冲走滑构造作用形成的成矿构造体系是制约该矿床“大（矿床、矿体规模大）、深（矿体延深大）、强（热液蚀变强）、带（矿物组合分带明显）”特征的主要原因,“多（共伴生元素多）”与成矿流体迁移 聚沉过程中所经过岩石的性质有关。该研究对川滇黔成矿区乃至同类矿床研究和深部勘查具有重要的理论意义和实际意义。     

广东大宝山南部铅-锌多金属矿床地质特征及找矿方向

大宝山南部铅-锌矿床赋存于大宝山向斜内的中泥盆统东岗岭组下亚组碳酸盐岩地层中,矿床的形成与地层、构造、岩浆活动有关,通过对该矿床成矿特征及控矿因素的分析,对比矿区外围凉桥—新江、官坪—大镇两个有利成矿远景区的成矿地质条件,研究认为,这两个远景区的成矿地质条件与大宝山南部铅-锌金属矿床基本类似,在矿区外围多个矿化集中区中,最具找矿潜力。     

Distribution of copper, zinc, lead and cadmium concentrations in stream sediments from the Mapocho River in Santiago, Chile

The Mapocho river, which crosses downtown Santiago, is one of the most important rivers in contact with a population of about six million inhabitants. Anthropogenic activities, industrialization, farming activities, transport, urbanization, animal and human excretions, domestic wastes and copper mining have affected the river, contaminating it and its sediments with heavy metals. Concentration and distribution of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd were studied with the purpose of determining their bioavailability and their relation with the characteristics of the sediments. Freshly deposited seasonal sediments were collected from 0–8 cm depths from 6 locations (S₁ to S₆) along the 30-km long channel length, in the four seasons of year on the following dates: May 2001 (D₁, autumn); August 2001 (D₂, winter); October 2001 (D₃, spring) and January 2002 (D₄, summer). The dried samples were sifted to obtain the < 63-μm sediment fraction, since it has been shown that large amounts of heavy metals are bound in the fine-grained fraction of the sediment. Cu and Zn were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and Pb and Cd by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry. The highest concentrations of Cu (2850 μg g^− 1) were found in the northern part of the river (S₁, average D₁–D₄), near the mountains and a copper mine, and then decreased downstream to 209 μg g^− 1 (S₆). Total Zn showed an irregular variation, with higher values at S₁ (1290 μg g^− 1) and high values in some winter sampling (1384 μg g^− 1 S₄, S₅–D₂). Pb showed different trends, increasing from S₁ to S₆ (17 to 61 μg g^− 1), with the highest values in the summer samples (83 μg g^− 1, S₄–S₆, D₄), and total Cd increased slightly from mean values of 0.2 and 0.5 μg g^− 1. Partition into five fractions was made using Tessier's analytical sequential extraction technique; the residue was treated with aqua regia for recovery studies, although this step is not part of the Tessier procedure. The results show that Cu, Zn and Pb in the sediments were dependent on the sampling places along the river, and variation in two years was low (D₁–D₄). The highest values of total organic matter, carbonate and conductivity were found in S₆, which has the smallest size particles, while at S₁ the sediments were predominantly sand and contain larger amounts of silica. Cu associated with carbonate decreased gradually from 58% (1771 μg g^− 1, S₁) to 16% (32 μg g^− 1, S₆); Cu bonded to reducible fraction was almost constant (33% to 37%), and Cu associated with oxidizable fraction increased from 7% (S₁) to 34% (S₆), but copper content was lower (214 to 68 μg g^− 1). Zn had a similar fractionation profile. However, Pb bound to oxidizable fraction did not show significant percent variation along the river (20% to 19%), but the amount bounded was 4 to 12 μg g^− 1. The residual fraction increased from 24% to 41% (5 to 25 μg g^− 1, S₁ to S₆). The distribution of Cd in the sediment was almost independent of the sampling stations and was bound to carbonate, reducible and residual fraction in similar proportion. Cu and Zn at S₁ were mainly bound to carbonates and reducible phases with 91% and 73% (2779 and 965 μg g^− 1, respectively), and with a change in the pH and/or the redox potential of the sediment–water system, these contaminants could easily enter the food chain. In S₆ the amount of Cu and Zn in these phases was 50% and 53% (100 to 313 μg g^− 1, respectively).     

Investigation of lead and zinc dispersion from an abandoned mine site at Tyndrum, Scotland, using tree bark measurements

Tyndrum was an industrial mining area from 1741 until the 1920s where the main ores extracted were lead sulphide （galena） and zinc sulphide （sphalarite）. Situated in central Scotland, the now deserted site is identified as a highly polluted, barren area where the original waste residues from the mine, an ore processing and a smelting site are clearly evident. Previous studies have suggested that high levels of lead and zinc contaminants are still dispersed from this former mine site, both atmospherically and through fluvial transport. For example, high concentrations of Pb, identified by its isotopic signature as originating in Tyndrum, have been found in sediments in Loch Tay, 25 km east of this area. This paper presents the results of a study of the occurrence and magnitude of airborne contamination by dispersion from the former mine site using measurements of metal concentrations in tree bark. These naturally occurring ‘bio monitors＇, which accumulate airborne materials including heavy metals, have become an effective alternative to the more costly air-filter system, which is restricted in scope and coverage. Bark samples were acquired from Scots pine （Pinus sylvestris） trees, which are abundant around the derelict mine site. Suitable locations were chosen to investigate atmospheric transport and deposition of contaminants within the area.     

Environmental investigation for causality and remediation of cadmium contaminated soils in Tak Province, Thailand

Highly elevated cadmium concentrations in paddy soil in the Mae Sod District, Tak Province, Thailand, was detected and widely reported in 2003. This emergence provoked public interest and demands for responsibility and remedial actions. As zinc mines and concentrator were located in the upstream area, mining activities were proclaimed a contamination source. Department of Primary Industries and Mines （DPIM）, a governmental organization responsible for mining and mineral processing, was thus challenged to verify the reliability of post monitoring data displaying consistently low heavy metal concentrations in compliance with the standard limits for over 15 years. Detailed survey and deep-going research on the causes, boundary and severity of cadmium contamination as well as the environmental impact alleviation were consequently conducted. Environmental samples were accumulated systematically for 2 years throughout the areas of upstream and downstream mining sites. A total of 259 soil samples from 53 spots at the depths of 0-20, 20-40, 40-60 and 60-200 cm were drilled with hand auger. Samples of water, stream sediment and mine tailing were also collected. Chemical analysis for cadmium （Cd）, zinc （Zn） and lead （Pb） concentrations with AAS and ICP were undertaken. The contaminated area was finally defined to spread over approximately 18 square kilometer mainly of mountainous mineralizing land and colluvium.     

滇东北地区渔户村组铅锌矿稳定同位素地球化学特征

滇东北地区是我国铅锌矿重要矿集区之一,渔户村组铅锌矿是滇东北地区重要的容矿层之一.通过对滇东北地区渔户村组铅锌矿床的铅同位素、硫同位素、氢氧同位素进行系统的研究,得出渔户村组铅锌矿床成矿物质来源有多源特征,成矿过程具有多期性、多阶段性.该区的铅主要来自地壳,也有少量来自地慢和造山带;硫主要来自海水,少量来自生物硫;成矿...     

湖南黄沙寺铜-铅-锌矿床控矿因素浅析

综合分析黄沙寺铜-铅-锌矿床的控矿因素。笔者认为,该矿床具多阶段成矿特征,并由地层、构造和成矿热液多因素控矿,属沉积 改造型层控矿床,具有较好找矿前景。     

内蒙古核桃坝地区铅锌与铀矿的期次关系探讨

正核桃坝地区位于华北板块北缘多金属成矿带和沽源—红山子铀成矿带的交汇部位,具有优越的铀多金属成矿地质条件。近年来,核工业二〇八大队在核桃坝地区取得铀矿勘查突破,落实了铀矿产地。铀矿勘查中不仅发现了多个具有工业价值的铀矿体,还发现了许多较好的铅、锌、钼、铜、     

Geochemistry and environmental effect of cadmium in the super-large Jinding Pb-Zn deposit,Yunnan Province,China

The Jinding Pb-Zn deposit in Yunnan Province is the representative of a Cd-enriched area and mining activities lead to the release of Cd into the hypergenic ecosystem, resulting in Cd pollution. The concentrations of Cd vary greatly from one type to another type of rocks in the mining district. In the host rock, Cd concentrations range from 50×10^-6 to 650×10^-6 with an average of 310×10^-6. In primary ores, Cd concentrations range from 14×10^-6 to 2800×10^-6 with an average of 767×10^-6. However, in oxidized ores, Cd concentrations are highest, varying within the range of 110×10^-6 to 8200×10^-6 , averaging 1661×10^-6. It is shown that the oxidized ores are the main carder and environmental source of Cd. Leaching test showed that Pb/Zn ores are easy to oxidize and thereafter release Cd and other harmful elements. These leached elements in the leachate may be precipitated rapidly in the order of Zn〉Pb〉Cd. As for the concentration distribution of Cd in the Bijiang River, it is estimated to be 15.7 μg/L Cd in water, 49.3 mg/L in suspended substances, and 203.7 mg/L in sediments. The average value of Cd in soil from the polluted area is 83.0 mg/kg. Natural weathering of Cd-rich rocks and minerals imposes a potential environmental risk on the aquatic ecosystem of the Bijiang catchment.     

Distribution and migration of lead in soil of Xiao River,Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province

The Xiao River sewage irrigation area in Luancheng where wastewater from Shijiazhuang flows through was taken as the research area. Five groundwater monitoring wells were set perpendicular to Xiao River, the research reveals the migration law and distribution characteristics of poisonous metal lead, through collecting and analyzing soil samples at different depths, investigating lithologic structure and pollution. The result shows that soil type has great impact on vertical lead distribution in aeration zone, which means that lead concentrates more in clay than in sand. Lead migrates fast in silty soil and silty clay, but slow in sand. The content of lead soil adsorbed decreases with grain size increasing. The most important factor influencing the distribution of lead is the soil type.     

综合物探方法在黔西北某铅锌矿勘查中的应用

黔西北某铅锌矿区位于乌蒙山区中部,结合其成矿背景,根据区内100~800 m不同深度铅锌矿的矿体特征,选择激电中梯扫面、激电三极测深以及使用两种不同探测深度的设备( EH?4与V8)进行音频大地电磁测深等不同的物探方法组合,推测了物探异常,指导地质施工了10个钻孔,均见到了工业矿体,扩大了矿区铅锌矿资源量。根据本次综合物探方法的应用效果,提出了针对本区不同类型的铅锌矿勘查所对应的综合物探方法,对下一步找矿突破起到了一定的作用。     

Potential hyperaccumulation of Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd in endurant plants distributed in an old smeltery, northeast China

The absorption and accumulation of Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd in some endurant weed plant species that survived in an old smeltery in Liaoning, China, were systematically investigated. Potential hyperaccumulative characteristics of these species were also discussed. The results showed that metal accumulation in plants differed with species, tissues and metals. Endurant weed plants growing in this contaminated site exhibited high metal adaptability. Both the metal exclusion and detoxification tolerance strategies were involved in the species studied. Seven species for Pb and four species for Cd were satisfied for the concentration time level standard for hyperaccumulator. Considering translocation factor (TF) values, one species for Pb, seven species for Zn, two species for Cu and five species for Cd possessed the characteristic of hyperaccumulator. Particularly, Abutilon theophrasti Medic, exhibited strong accumulative ability to four heavy metals. Although enrichment coefficients of all samples were lesser than 1 and the absolute concentrations didn’t reach the standard, species mentioned above were primarily believed to be potential hyperaccumulators.     

云南茂租铅-锌矿床地质特征及成因研究

阐述了茂祖铅．锌矿床的成矿地质背景、矿床地质特征，着重研究了赋矿地层、铅-锌矿体赋存及矿化特征，并通过该矿床的成矿时代、成矿物质来源、成矿温度方面的研究，综合分析后认为，茂祖铅-锌矿床的成因属同生断裂控矿的热水喷流-沉积改造型。     

云南西畴红石岩铅锌铜矿床喷流沉积成因的地球化学特征

西畴红石岩铅锌铜矿床是滇东南地区首次在远离岩体外围田蓬组中发现的一处大型矿床,根据矿床地质背景,系统分析了红石岩铅锌铜矿床的地球化学特征,认为红石岩铅锌铜矿床的成矿元素具有明显的垂直和水平分带,容矿围岩的常量元素数据投影落入到热水沉积岩区域内,微量元素变化规律反映出与现代大洋热水沉积物相似的特点,稀土元素具有轻稀土富集的右倾特征,总量变化较大,但铅锌铜矿层中的稀土元素总量明显低于围岩,平均为66.16,与产于加拿大沙利文矿山的条带状富电气石热液沉积岩（57.85）相近,由此认为红石岩铅锌铜矿床是在特定的古构造古地理环境内形成的喷流沉积型矿床。     

滇东北地区峨眉山玄武岩在铅锌成矿中的作用

川滇黔铅锌成矿域分布有大面积峨眉山玄武岩,绝大多数铅锌矿床位于峨眉山玄武岩之下。对于峨眉山玄武岩与铅锌成矿之间是否有成因上的关系,一直存在着两种观点：一种认为峨眉山玄武岩与铅锌成矿存在成因联系;另一种则认为峨眉山玄武岩与铅锌成矿无成因上的关系,两者仅仅是空间上的叠合。峨眉山玄武岩在滇东北地区铅锌矿床的形成过程中扮演着怎样的角色？本文在总结前人研究观点的基础上,结合地质事实,认为峨眉山玄武岩与铅锌成矿并无直接的成因联系;推测峨眉山玄武岩在铅锌成矿中分别起到了提供热动力活化、萃取成矿物质以及充当＂遮挡层＂和＂保护层＂的作用。