跨GIS平台监控指挥系统设计

针对监控指挥系统跨GIS平台需解决的问题,提出并设计了跨GIS平台监控指挥系统框架;基于XML技术,提出并详细设计了跨GIS平台的请求代理ComGISXML;构建了GIS服务管理器,为基于不同GIS平台开发的功能组件提供统一透明的调用接口;定义并实现GIS功能组件的开发接口RequestInterface,为GIS功能组件开发提供统一的标准;构建了空间数据中间件,实现对异构数据的操作;开发了跨GIS平台测绘导航分队监控指挥系统,验证了跨GIS平台监控指挥系统的有效性。     

GPS坐标转换在110指挥系统中的应用研究

在110指挥系统中,为了实现对GPS巡逻警车的监控,必须将GPS终端接收到的位置信息动态显示在电子地图上。GPS数据采用WGS-84坐标系,而电子地图往往采用北京54坐标系,因而,如何将WGS-84坐标转换为北京54坐标成为系统必须解决的一个关键问题。本文详细讨论了WGS-84坐标与北京54坐标的转换问题,给出了详细的算法,并在福州市公安局110指挥系统中得到了成功应用。     

基于WebGIS的城市交通应急救援指挥系统设计与实现

城市交通应急救援指挥的科学决策需要强大的软件支持.介绍基于WebGIS的济南市交通应急救援指挥系统,说明系统开发方案、体系结构、功能和数据库设计,详述AJAX技术、最优路径分析和救援车辆监控技术,较好地实现了系统的各项设计功能.     

用于空间目标表达的智能化判决方法

面对海量的空间目标,用户在感知空间态势过程中,需要解决"哪些空间目标需要表达出来,表达出来的目标中哪些需要重点表达"的问题。手工设置可以一定程度上满足需求,但是其过程复杂、繁琐。因此引入人工智能领域的智能代理和人工神经元网络来解决空间目标表达问题,分别将其应用于空间目标表达内容辅助筛选及重点目标确定上,共同完成空间目标的表达;并进行了实验验证。实验结果表明:Agent与神经网络结合可有效解决空间目标表达问题,并且具有一定的智能性。     

灾害应急空间信息标绘技术

当前制定灾害应急预案多以文字描述为主,表现形式单一,内容复杂且应用困难,并容易产生理解歧义。针对此问题,首先分析了灾害应急对象的空间信息特征,并结合GIS技术分析了灾害应急对象的地图表现内容;然后,研究了灾害应急空间信息的图形化机理,阐述了灾害应急空间信息与地图符号各变量的映射关系;提出了灾害应急空间信息在灾害应急专题图中的表达方式,以及动态过程的图形化表达方式;最后,以灾害应急远程协同会商系统为平台,实现了灾害应急空间信息动态标绘功能,可以将灾害空间信息映射为动态图形化的制图数据,并通过GIS平台将制图数据进行图形化表达。     

福田站基坑监控量测信息管理系统的建立与应用

根据广深港客专福田站超深超宽基坑施工监控量测的需要,应用远程数据通讯技术、数据库技术和GIS技术设计并建立了工程监控量测信息管理管理系统,统计和分析功能提高了监控量测信息的反馈效率,解决了监控量测与施工配合的问题,工程实践表明系统提高了监控量测信息的反馈效率,达到了福田站基坑监控量测信息化管理的需求。     

公安地理信息综合应用系统的设计与开发

以GIS为核心技术,以电子地图为信息载体,设计并实现了包括人口管理、案(事)件管理、重点目标管理、空间分析、统计分析等功能的公安地理综合信息系统,并设计了与110接警指挥系统、固定目标联网报警系统、实时监控系统等已有系统的集成接口,重点阐述数据库的内容和人口数据库的设计.     

基于WebGIS的视频星车流量分析与路况查询系统

车流量作为衡量路况信息的重要因素,需要一个低成本且高效的可视化监控系统。本文对视频监控中的车流量信息进行了提取分析,采用背景差分的方法对视频中有关的车辆因子进行提取,包括车流量信息提取、车辆类型提取、车速提取,并将分析得到的数据通过Web GIS发布到网络上支持在线预览,结合GIS和视频监控的特点,解决了传统视频监控系统空间位置感较差的问题。     

Geostar软件制作电子地图的几点经验

本介绍了采用Ｇｅｏｓｔａｒ软件制作车辆监控指挥系统电子地图的作业经验,并提出了多人协同作业的新方法。     

用Geostar软件制作电子地图的几点经验

本文介绍了采用Ｇｅｏｓｔａｒ软件制作车辆监控指挥系统电子地图的作业经验,并提出了多人协同作业的新方法。     

Gravimetric and astro-geodetic geoids and mean free-air anomalies in India

A preliminary gravimetric geoid with respect to the International Spheroid and the latest astro-geodetic geoid computed on the Everest and International Spheroids are given in the form of undulation maps over the Indian Sub—continent. 1⁰x1⁰ mean free-air anomalies (modified) on the Geodetic Reference System, 1967 (GRS-67) are also given for the whole country in the form of a chart. For the purpose of computing the gravimetric geoid, 5⁰x5⁰ mean free-air anomalies were used outside the area bounded by latitudes 0⁰ to 40⁰ N and longitudes 60⁰ to 100⁰ E and 1⁰x1⁰ mean free-air anomalies within these limits. The anomalies partly computed by Survey of India and mostly collected from other sources (such as B.G.I.) were utilised for this purpose. The astro-geodetic geoid is based on the astronomical data observed in India up to 1978.     

Mental maps and travel behaviour: meanings and models

In this paper, the “mental map” concept is positioned with regard to individual travel behaviour to start with. Based on Ogden and Richards’ triangle of meaning (The meaning of meaning: a study of the influence of language upon thought and of the science of symbolism. International library of psychology, philosophy and scientific method. Routledge and Kegan Paul, London, 1966) distinct thoughts, referents and symbols originating from different scientific disciplines are identified and explained in order to clear up the notion’s fuzziness. Next, the use of this concept in two major areas of research relevant to travel demand modelling is indicated and discussed in detail: spatial cognition and decision-making. The relevance of these constructs to understand and model individual travel behaviour is explained and current research efforts to implement these concepts in travel demand models are addressed. Furthermore, these mental map notions are specified in two types of computational models, i.e. a Bayesian Inference Network (BIN) and a Fuzzy Cognitive Map (FCM). Both models are explained, and a numerical and a real-life example are provided. Both approaches yield a detailed quantitative representation of the mental map of decision-making problems in travel behaviour.     

Dry-season vegetation mass and cover fraction from SWIR1.6 and SWIR2.1 band ratio: Ground-radiometer and MODIS data in the Sahel

The potential of the short-wave infrared (SWIR) bands to detect dry-season vegetation mass and cover fraction is investigated with ground radiometry and MODIS data, confronted to vegetation data collected in rangeland and cropland sites in the Sahel (Senegal, Niger, Mali). The ratio of the 1.6 and 2.1 μm bands (called STI) acquired with a ground radiometer proved well suited for grassland mass estimation up to 2500 kg/ha with a linear relation (r² = 0.89). A curvilinear regression is accurate for masses ranging up to 3500 kg/ha. STI proved also well suited to retrieve vegetation cover fraction in crop fields, fallows and rangelands. Such dry-season monitoring, with either ground or satellite data, has important applications for forage, erosion risk and fire risk assessment in semi-arid areas.     

“实体中国”与新型基础测绘的思考

该文剖析了基础测绘体系从一个阶段升级转型到新的阶段不可或缺的4个核心内容,据此提出了新型基础测绘升级的直接目标与建设“实体中国”的最终目标,并从产品模式设计、施测方式精度、分级测绘方式、集约共享模式、全球统一编码、生产组织形式、按需组装服务、存储管理、质量评定方法9个方面设计提出了系统的构建思路,以及两步走的策略,凝练了需突破的安全体系改造、基于网络的变化发现、网络化立体获取、一体化智能处理、地图自动综合5项关键技术,厘清了与智慧城市时空大数据平台建设、信息化测绘技术体系、“实体中国”重大工程等其他相关任务的关系。     

Effects of varying solar-view geometry and canopy structure on solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence and PRI

The increasing amount of continuous time series of solar-induced fluorescence (SIF) and vegetation indices (e.g. Photochemical Reflectance Index, PRI) acquired with high temporal (sub-minute) frequencies is foreseen to allow tracking of the structural and physiological changes of vegetation in a variety of ecosystems. Coupled with observations of CO₂, water, and energy fluxes from eddy covariance flux towers, these measurements can bring new insights into the remote monitoring of ecosystem functioning. However, continuously changing solar-view geometry imposes directional effects on diurnal cycles of the fluorescence radiance in the observation direction (F) and PRI, controlled by structural and biochemical vegetation properties. An improved understanding of these variations can potentially help to disentangle directional responses of vegetation from physiological ones in the continuous long-term optical measurements and, therefore, allow to deconvolve the physiological information relevant to ecosystem functioning. Moreover, this will also be useful for better interpreting and validating F and PRI satellite products (e.g., from the upcoming ESA FLEX mission).Many previous studies focused on the characterization of reflectance directionality, but only a handful of studies investigated directional effects on F and vegetation indices related to plant physiology. The aim of this study is to contribute to the understanding of red (F₆₈₇) and far-red (F₇₆₀) fluorescence and PRI anisotropy based on field spectroscopy data and simulations with the Soil-Canopy Observation of Photochemistry and Energy fluxes (SCOPE) model. We present an extensive dataset of multi-angular measurements of F and PRI collected at canopy level with a high-resolution instrument (FloX, JB Hyperspectral Devices UG, Germany) over different ecosystems: Mediterranean grassland, alfalfa, chickpea and rice.We found, that F₇₆₀ and F₆₈₇ directional responses of horizontally homogeneous canopies are characterized by higher values in the backscatter direction with a maximum in the hotspot and lower values in the forward scatter direction. The PRI exhibited similar response due to its sensitivity to sunlit-shaded canopy fractions.As confirmed by radiative transfer forward simulations, we show that in the field measurements leaf inclination distribution function controls the shape of F and PRI anisotropic response (bowl-like/dome-like shapes), while leaf area index and the ratio of leaf width to canopy height affect the magnitude and the width of the hotspot. Finally, we discuss the implications of off-nadir viewing geometry for continuous ground measurements. F observations under oblique viewing angles showed up to 67 % difference compared to nadir observations, therefore, we suggest maintaining nadir viewing geometry for continuous measurements of F and vegetation indices. Alternatively, a correction scheme should be developed and tested against multi-angular measurements to properly account for anisotropy of canopy F and PRI observations. The quantitative characterization of these effects in varying illumination geometries for different canopies that was performed in this study will also be useful for the validation of remote sensing F and PRI products at different spatial and temporal scales.     

"讨论班"机制与测绘教育

教学效果直接与教学方法相关。针对不同的教学内容、过程及对象 ,应实施相应的教学方法。本文主要讨论“讨论班”机制与测绘教育的关系及如何将这种模式应用于实践。     

Spectra and vegetation index variations in moss soil crust in different seasons,and in wet and dry conditions

Similar to vascular plants, non-vascular plant mosses have different periods of seasonal growth. There has been little research on the spectral variations of moss soil crust (MSC) over different growth periods. Few studies have paid attention to the difference in spectral characteristics between wet MSC that is photosynthesizing and dry MSC in suspended metabolism. The dissimilarity of MSC spectra in wet and dry conditions during different seasons needs further investigation. In this study, the spectral reflectance of wet MSC, dry MSC and the dominant vascular plant (Artemisia) were characterized in situ during the summer (July) and autumn (September). The variations in the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), biological soil crust index (BSCI) and CI (crust index) in different seasons and under different soil moisture conditions were also analyzed. It was found that (1) the spectral characteristics of both wet and dry MSCs varied seasonally; (2) the spectral features of wet MSC appear similar to those of the vascular plant, Artemisia, whether in summer or autumn; (3) both in summer and in autumn, much higher NDVI values were acquired for wet than for dry MSC (0.6 ∼ 0.7 vs. 0.3 ∼ 0.4 units), which may lead to misinterpretation of vegetation dynamics in the presence of MSC and with the variations in rainfall occurring in arid and semi-arid zones; and (4) the BSCI and CI values of wet MSC were close to that of Artemisia in both summer and autumn, indicating that BSCI and CI could barely differentiate between the wet MSC and Artemisia.     

郑汴洛城市化及人口和产业承载变化的评估研究

针对郑州、开封、洛阳(郑汴洛)三市城市化过程中的土地、人口和产业发展问题,本文提出一种评估城市扩展及其对应人口/产业土地承载密度变化的方法,并在郑汴洛地区开展实践研究。结果显示:三市的城市用地均处于快速扩展中,且城市用地与农业用地变化呈负相关,说明:城市扩展更多是以侵占周边农田为代价;三市单位城市用地的人口承载力下降(郑汴洛三市对应的趋势值分别为-0.05,-0.06,-0.08),而经济承载力上升,说明其经济城市化表现突出,而城市的人口聚集水平有待进一步提升。城市化进程一方面需提高土地利用效率;另一方面也需提升单位城市用地的人口承载力,协同推进人口、产业和土地城市化。