Research on ray tracing in VTI medium based on different models

The study on seismic anisotropy is one of the difficult problems in the field of geophysics nowadays.As a method of ray theory,the seismic anisotropy ray tracing is an important means to study the anisotropic seismic wave propagation. The traditional ray tracing system formulated in terms of elastic parameters in the anisotropy is more complicated than that in the isotropic case. Considering the difficulty,a kind of ray tracing system formulated in terms of phase velocity and group velocity is introduced. The new method is similar to the expressions for isotropic media,and avoids the trouble of determining the eigenvalue vector at each time. Besides the ray tracing numerical simulation of different models of vertical transversely isotropic( VTI) medium is carried out,in order to verify the accuracy and applicability of the method and further study the characteristics of wave field propagation in different VTI mediums. The study is certainly valuable in reference for later processing of the anisotropic seismic data.     

A New Inversion Method of Sedimentary Strata For Deriving Double Parameters and Its Applications

The inverse problem of wave equation is the importance of study not only in seismic prospecting but also in ap-plied mathematics. With the development of the research, the inverse methods of 1 - D wave equations have been trending to-wards the multiple parameters inversion . We have obtained an inverse method with double - parameter, in which medium density and wave velocity can be derived simultaneously. In this paper, to increase the inverse accuracy, the method is im-proved as follows. Firstly, the formula in which the Green Function is omitted are derived and used. Secondly, the regulari-zing method is reasonable used by choosing the stable function. With the new method, we may derive elastic parameter and medium density or medium density and wave velocity. Thus, lithology parameters for seismic prospecting may be obtained. After comparing the derived values from the new method with that from previous method, we obtain the new method through which substantially improve the derived accuracy . The new     

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Elastic reverse time migration based on vector wavefield decomposition

Prestack elastic reverse time migration ( RTM) requires multicomponent seismic data .But for multi-component elastic Kirchhoff migration , there is a limitation that ray theory no longer applies if thegeology be-comes complicated .In this paper, the authors have created a new 2D migration context for isotropic , elastic RTM, which included decomposition of the elastic source and receiver wavefields into P and S wave vectors by decoupled elastodynamic extrapolation , which retained the same stress and particle velocity components as the input data .Then we appliedsource-normalized crosscorrelation imaging condition in elastic reverse time migra-tion to compensate the energy of deep strata .We found that the resulting images were nearly identical to the ve-locity model , and the resolution has been improved .Our method is a wavefielddecomposition based on vector , and we can alsoavoid the problem of polarity reversal of converted shear wave imaging .It proved the applicabili-ty of the method proposed in our paper .     

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A New Inversion Method of Sedimentary Strata For Deriving Double Parameters and Its Applications

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A New Inversion Method of Sedimentary Strata For Deriving Double Parameters and Its Applications

The inverse problem of wave equation is the importance of study not only in seismic prospecting but also in applied mathematics. With the development of the research, the inverse methods of 1 - D wave equations have been trending towards the multiple parameters inversion . We have obtained an inverse method with double -parameter, in which medium density and wave velocity can be derived simultaneously. In this paper, to increase the inverse accuracy, the method is improved as follows. Firstly, the formula in which the Green Function is omitted are derived and used. Secondly, the regularizing method is reasonable used by choosing the stable function. With the new method, we may derive elastic parameter and medium density or medium density and wave velocity. Thus, lithology parameters for seismic prospecting may be obtained.After comparing the derived values from the new method with that from previous method, we obtain the new method through which substantially improve the derived accuracy . The new method has been applied to real depths inversion for sedimentary strata and volcanic rock strata in Chaoyanggou Terrace of Songliao Basin in eastern China. According to the inverse results,the gas - bearing beds are determlned.     

改则Ms6.9地震InSAR同震形变场模拟

以InSAR同震形变场为约束,采用各向同性弹性半空间位错模型,利用试错法对2008年西藏改则县扎西错\%M\%s6.9地震断层几何形状进行格网搜索寻优模拟。观测值离散化得到1 010个数据总集,并重采样80次得到80个数据子集,每个子集之间存在微小的噪声差异,采用Bootstrap方法进行80次搜索寻优。首先用单断裂矩形断层模型进行模拟,最大残差为30 cm。然后用双断裂矩形断层模型进行模拟,最大残差为15 cm。双断裂模型反映了观测形变场的基本特征,并与地震资料符合。根据80次搜索寻优得到主断裂倾滑量95%置信区间为1.6~2.4 m。模拟表明,地表变形是主、余震两次破裂的结果。实际观测和数值模拟结果表明,InSAR可以作为监测青藏高原大陆动力学的有效技术。     

饱和孔隙弹性介质中的Rayleigh波及一维动力学问题

本文依饱和孔隙介质动力学的基本方程组,对Rayleigh波在二相介质中的传播及一维土层动力学问题进行了探讨。数值计算表明:Rayleigh波速度在饱和孔隙弹性介质中大大小于在非饱和弹性介质中传播的速度;一维土层地面位移对有惯性力作用(a≠0)与忽略惯性力作用(a=0)也有很大差异。并对一维土层在阶梯形加载、脉冲式加载、正弦加载状态进行求解,为在实践中定性估计地基由于这类荷载作用产生的运动性态提供参考。     

Fracture property identification method based on shrinkage factor particle swarm optimization

In the multi-wave and multi-component seismic exploration,shear-wave will be split into fast wave and slow wave,when it propagates in anisotropic media. Then the authors can predict polarization direction and density of crack and detect the development status of cracks underground according to shear-wave splitting phenomenon. The technology plays an important role and shows great potential in crack reservoir detection. In this study,the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm based on shrinkage factor is combined with the Pearson correlation coefficient method to obtain the fracture azimuth angle and density. The experimental results show that the modified method can improve the convergence rate,accuracy,anti-noise performance and computational efficiency.     

青藏高原东南缘壳幔耦合强震孕育模型研究

结合青藏高原东南缘软弱带的分布及地震活动性的深度空间特征,提出强震孕育的壳幔耦合模型。利用中国国家数字地震台网和四川云南区域数字地震台网及布设在青藏高原东南缘的地震台站所记录的远震SKS波形资料,通过剪切波分裂得出上地幔各向异性结果数据,描绘出青藏高原东南缘的上地幔各向异性图像;再分别同该地区GPS观测的速度场数据、区域构造应力场数据和13 km深度的介质密度数据进行相关性处理与分析,并针对本文提出的孕震模型进行一定程度的验证。对形变场和应力场耦合特征的研究表明,各向异性的快慢波时间延迟、快波偏振方向总体分别与GPS 测量的地壳运动速度场方向变化和水平最大应力方向相关性较大,壳幔各圈层相互作用及软流圈的流动所展示的地震各向异性都与应力传递机制息息相关。通过相关分析可以得到壳内软弱带（低速高导体）在壳幔耦合运动研究中的关键作用,而该类耦合运动与地震孕育息息相关。     

大陆岩石圈强度研究

岩石圈强度或有效弹性厚度(Te)控制着岩石圈对长期负载的响应及其演化过程和空间构型,包含丰富的地球动力学信息,对解译地壳、岩石圈乃至地幔介质的力学性质和动力学过程及机理具有重要的科学意义。本文拟回顾从均衡概念的提出至今关于岩石圈强度研究的发展历程,重点从历史角度梳理岩石圈强度研究的沿革脉络、各种方法发展的逻辑关联,并对岩石圈强度与壳幔耦合、岩石圈有效弹性厚度与地震孕震层厚度的关系以及岩石圈有效弹性厚度各向异性等问题进行初步探讨。     

有限元法与伪谱法混合求解弹性波动方程

在地震波场数值模拟中,有限差分法、有限元法和伪谱法都是常用的基本方法,但它们各有不同的适应性和优缺点,如有限差分法、有限元法都存在减弱网格频散和提高计算效率的矛盾,而伪谱法的网格频散小且计算效率高.有限差分法和伪谱法在处理地表结构复杂或地表剧烈起伏以及地下结构复杂的情况时存在较大的难度,而有限元法可较为理想地拟合起伏地表和任意弯曲界面,且可方便地处理自由边界条件和界面边界条件.尝试将有限元法和伪谱法相结合,形成地震波场数值模拟的一种混合方法,利用二者的优点,克服二者的缺点,达到既减弱网格频散又提高计算精度和效率的目的.并采用所谓的‘过度区域‘技术解决两种不同算法的衔接问题.模拟实例表明,给出的混合模拟方法不失为弹性波场数值模拟的一种有效方法.     

非均质各向异性油藏水平井流入动态

为分析渗透率非均质性对水平井流入动态的影响,根据质量和动量守恒定律,建立全耦合的非均质各向异性盒式油藏渗流与水平井筒变质量流的耦合模型;通过坐标变换建立各向异性油藏水平井非均质表皮计算模型,将非均质渗透率场转化为等效均质渗透率场和沿井筒变化的非均质表皮;应用源函数法和势的叠加原理得到油藏渗流模型的解,给出基于模型离散的顺序迭代解耦方法.结果表明:渗透率非均质性对水平井流量剖面和采油指数影响较大.水平井流量分布规律与近井渗透率变化规律基本相同;高渗区流量大,低渗区流量小;在等效渗透率相同的情况下,随着近井非均质性的增强,水平井平均采油指数逐渐降低,平均流量分布不均衡因数逐渐增大.该研究为非均质各向异性油藏水平井产能预测和完井参数优化提供了依据.     

Comparison of finite difference and pseudo-spectral methods in forward modelling based on metal ore model of random media

With more applications of seismic exploration in metal ore exploration,forward modelling of seismic wave has become more important in metal ore.Finite difference method and pseudo-spectral method are two im-portant methods of wave-field simulation.Results of previous studies show that both methods have distinct ad-vantages and disadvantages:Finite difference method has high precision but its dispersion is serious;pseudo-spectral method considers both computational efficiency and precision but has less precision than finite-diffe-rence.The authors consider the complex structural characteristics of the metal ore,furthermore add random media in order to simulate the complex effects produced by metal ore for wave field.First,the study introduced the theories of random media and two forward modelling methods.Second,it compared the simulation results of two methods on fault model.Then the authors established a complex metal ore model,added random media and compared computational efficiency and precision.As a result,it is found that finite difference method is better than pseudo-spectral method in precision and boundary treatment,but the computational efficiency of pseudo-spectral method is slightly higher than the finite difference method.     

岩溶多重介质地下水模拟技术及应用进展

由于岩溶发育的极不均匀性和岩溶含水介质的多重介质性等特征, 使得岩溶水系统的地下水运动规律呈现出复杂多变的特点, 在孔隙或微小裂隙含水介质中岩溶水满足达西流, 而在岩溶管道中可能出现非达西运动, 这给岩溶区地下水模拟带来了极大挑战。系统地梳理了岩溶水流和溶质运移模拟的主要方法, 总结了复杂岩溶多重介质系统地下水模拟技术的现状, 并结合我国南方岩溶和北方岩溶各自的特点, 提出岩溶水模型在实际应用中需要关注的要点。主要包括: 需加强野外调查和观测, 提高模型中对岩溶含水介质结构非均质性表征的精度; 进一步深化对岩溶水运动机理的研究, 刻画岩溶多重介质的水流特征以及水交换机理; 针对北方岩溶水系统模拟, 可选择等效连续多孔介质模型, 重在耦合区域分布的岩溶溶孔－裂隙介质中慢速渗流与脉状分布的强径流带快速流; 对于南方岩溶区, 建议考虑建立分布式流域水文模型与能刻画集中管道流多流态变化的多重介质模型的岩溶地下水耦合模型。      

基于CPML边界条件的水下地质雷达数值模拟

水下的地质雷达探测与常规的地质雷达探测具有显著的不同点。文中对CPML吸收边界条件的公式进行推导,并通过数值模拟对均匀介质以及非均匀介质中吸收边界条件的吸收效果进行了验证,数值模拟的波场快照证明了CPML吸收边界条件在水下的地质雷达数值模拟中具有很好的吸收效果。通过对水平层状介质模型以及倾斜层状介质模型开展数值模拟,并结合实际探测的雷达图像,证明地质雷达对于水下地层的探测能够取得良好的效果;通过对空洞体位于不同深度时的数值模拟,证明了地质雷达对于水下的空洞探测也能对其位置及规模进行较为准确的判断。这为水下地质灾害的探测提供了理论依据及指导。     

TSP隧道地震预报空洞模型的数值模拟研究

采用有限元方法模拟隧道地震波场,采用波场快照与时间记录相结合的方法,研究空洞对隧道地震波场传播的影响,并对含空洞模型的时间记录进行处理,得到数值模型的速度云图和反射层位图。经数据处理表明,采用TSPwin设定默认值处理得到的速度云图与模型设定的空洞位置比较一致,在提取反射层位图上,空洞反射层呈现条带状特征,需要结合速度云图来确定空洞位置,且P波预报的准确性相对较高。对TSP系统的抗噪性进行研究,表明其具有良好的抗噪性能。最后通过对工程实例的处理,验证了数值模拟所得的结论。     

Study on Hydraulic System Efficiency of Heaving-Buoy Wave Energy Converter

The hydraulic system is the key component in the widely used wave energy converters (WEC). In this paper, we theoretically analyze and describe our investigation of the efficiency of the hydraulic system by simulation and model testing of the combined heaving-buoy WEC. We derive a new governing equation that includes nonlinear hydraulic resistance in the power take-off (PTO). We conducted a physical model experiment based on a 100-kW prototype and applied a hydraulic system with an energy accumulator. The model test results reveal an important parameter related to efficiency with respect to nonlinear hydraulic resistance. We also studied the relationship between the efficiency and the initial conditions. Finally, based on our numerical simulation results, we discuss the effect on efficiency of the gas content of the hydraulic fluid and ways to reduce its impact.     

Adaptive finite element modeling of marine controlled-source electromagnetic fields in two-dimensional general anisotropic media

In this paper, we extend the scope of numerical simulations of marine controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) fields in a particular case of anisotropy (dipping anisotropy) to the general case of anisotropy by using an adaptive finite element approach. In comparison to a dipping anisotropy case, the first order spatial derivatives of the strike-parallel components arise in the partial differential equations for generally anisotropic media, which cause a non-symmetric linear system of equations for finite element modeling. The adaptive finite element method is employed to obtain numerical solutions on a sequence of refined unstructured triangular meshes, which allows for arbitrary model geometries including bathymetry and dipping layers. Numerical results of a 2D anisotropic model show both anisotropy strike and dipping angles have great influence on the marine CSEM responses.