GPS L1C信号多径抑制性能分析

MBOC（multiplexed binary offset carrier）是GPS—GALILEO互用和兼容性工作组推荐的信号调制体制,其实现方式分为TMBOC和CBOC两种,其中TMBOC（6,1,4／33）已被GPSL1C信号所采用。多径是众多卫星导航系统应用的主要误差源之一,由于不具备时间和空间的相关性,无法通过差分技术消除。本文基于窄相关技术和Double—Delta技术对TMBOC（6,1,4／33）的抗多径性能进行了分析,并与BPSK（1）及BOC（1,1）进行了对比。在同等条件下,TMBOC（6,1,4／33）的抗多径性能优于或等同于BPSK（1）及BOC（1,1）。     

BOC调制信号多径误差分析

针对导航信号的多径误差分析,在多径误差包络曲线分析方法基础上提出了多径误差包络期望分析方法。与包络曲线分析方法相比,包络期望分析方法能够定量分析导航信号多径误差。基于包络期望分析方法,对同码速率的二进制偏移载波(BOC)调制导航信号与二进制相位控键(BPSK)调制导航信号的多径误差进行了对比分析。结果表明,BOC调制导航信号具有更小的典型多径误差。     

BOC调制信号多径误差分析

针对导航信号的多径误差分析,在多径误差包络曲线分析方法基础上提出了多径误差包络期望分析方法.与包络曲线分析方法相比,包络期望分析方法能够定量分析导航信号多径误差.基于包络期望分析方法,对同码速率的二进制偏移载波(BOC)调制导航信号与二进制相位控键(BPSK)调制导航信号的多径误差进行了对比分析.结果表明,BOC调制导航信号具有更小的典型多径误差.     

GNSS信号多径误差非包络评估方法

针对全球导航卫星系统(global navigation satellite system, GNSS)信号体制评估过程中,多径误差包络评估方法给出了多径误差的上界,并没有反映反射信号载波和子载波相位引入的码跟踪误差问题,提出了一种码跟踪多径误差非包络评估方法。该方法将反射信号的码相位延时映射到载波和子载波相位延时,为码跟踪多径误差提供了准确的理论值,而且避免了多径误差包络方法求包络曲线的过程。给出了该方法的理论表达式,对BPSK、AltBOC、MBOC和BOC信号进行了多径性能仿真,并与多径误差包络评估方法进行了对比。理论和仿真结果表明,本文方法能准确的估计码跟踪多径误差,为GNSS信号多径误差测量值提供有效的理论指导。     

基于QBOC码的BOC信号码跟踪环路的性能分析

在Galileo系统建设和GPS现代化的进程中,为实现与BPSK（Bi-phase Shift Keying）的频谱分离,采用了BOC（Binary Offset Carrier）调制。BOC调制在码跟踪精度、多径抑制等方面比BPSK调制具有更好的性能,但其自相关函数的多相关峰特性使得在测距中可能产生偏差,因此,消除相关峰的模糊度是BOC信号接收中非常关键的问题。介绍了一种基于QBOC码的BOC信号码跟踪环路（“BOC十QBOC-BOC”）,并推导出该环路码跟踪性能的解析表达式,最后的仿真结果验证了理论推导的正确性,可为BOC信号接收机的设计提供参考。     

伽利略系统信号调制体制研究

伽利略卫星导航系统的第一颗实验卫星已经发射到太空。在信号调制方面,除使用二元偏置载波（BOC）调制技术外,还首次使用了交替二元偏置载波（ALTBOC）调制技术。总结了伽利略卫星导航系统各信号的信号调制方式、各频段的信号调制体制,特别是BOC调制及ALTBOC调制技术的基本原理。然后,通过对伽利略卫星导航系统调制参数变动过程的研究,分析了在频谱及调制体制方面伽利略卫星导航系统与GPS的兼容性。     

BOC调制信号抗干扰能力分析

抗干扰能力是卫星导航信号设计的一项重要考核要素。目前典型的方法是采用抗干扰品质因数、伪码跟踪精度下降来衡量。但是该抗干扰品质因数不能反映码速率对抗干扰能力的贡献,而伪码跟踪精度下降则不够简捷。提出了能够反映伪码速率贡献的载波跟踪抗干扰品质因数,以及能够简捷地反映伪码跟踪抗干扰能力的伪码跟踪抗干扰品质因数。采用所提出的两项指标,对二进制偏移副载波BOC(Binary Offset Carrier)调制这一新型卫星导航信号进行了抗干扰能力分析。结果表明,同码率BOC调制信号载波跟踪抗干扰能力比BPSK调制信号强,伪码跟踪抗干扰能力比BPSK调制信号弱。     

基于均衡复现的载波多径抑制技术

本文基于扩频信号分析了不同多径参数对载波幅度和相位的影响,在低信噪比条件下,使用自适应均衡技术,实时估计多径参数和抑制载波多径。使用实时估计得到的多径参数,重构多径信号,从接受信号中消去多径信号。仿真结果表明,这2种算法均能很好地降低多径对载波的影响,可以有效提高载波相位的测量精度。     

预相关带宽和相关器间隔对导航信号多径性能的影响分析

采用窄相关技术和双△相关技术,对BPSK（1）信号和BOC（1,1）信号在不同预相关带宽和不同相关器间隔时的平均加权多径误差包络进行了仿真,提取了多径误差典型值。结果表明,随着相关器间隔的减小,多径误差逐渐减小,但当相关器间隔为0.1个码片时,多径误差的减小已不明显;多径误差并不是随着预相关带宽的增大一直减小,而是有一...     

交替二进制偏移载波调制技术特性分析

从基本的双码交替二进制偏移栽波（AltBOC）调制模型出发,结合数学仿真深入研究双码AltBOC、标准AltBOC和恒定包络AltBOC调制原理;重点分析比较了标准Ait—BOC和恒定包络AltBOC调制技术的副载波特点、频谱特性及其对接收机设计产生的影响;利用查表法仿真实现无任何干扰情况下伽利略（Galileo）E5信号,进一步验证了将恒定包络AltBOC调制作为卫星导航信号调制方案的优势,为接收机设计中AltBOC信号的接收处理方式的确定提供了重要的理论依据。     

利用数字中频信号模拟器和软件接收机对MBOC信号进行精度测试评估

在对MBOC信号的码跟踪噪声和多径误差进行理论分析的基础上,借助于所开发的数字中频信号模拟器和软件接收机进行了闭环测试评估。通过将数字中频闭环测试结果与理论预期值和模拟器仿真值进行对比分析,从多个层次有效验证了MBOC(6,1,1/11)相对于BOC(1,1)和BPSK-R(1)的测距精度改善。     

Weighted discriminators for GNSS BOC signal tracking

Modern Global Navigation Satellite System including Galileo and GPS III will employ multiplexed binary offset carrier (MBOC) modulation to achieve spectrum separation and enhanced tracking performance. A challenge of the MBOC or BOC signal tracking is the presence of ambiguities due to multiple sidepeaks of the autocorrelation functions. Several different techniques including multi-correlator and double estimator schemes have been proposed to address the ambiguity issue. We propose a class of ambiguity-free code tracking techniques by exploiting the unique features of the BOC modulation. In the proposed architecture, the incoming BOC-modulated signals are correlated with BOC-modulated replica and the spreading codes, respectively. Through a multiplicative combination strategy of the two correlator outputs, a noncoherent weighted discriminator is formed and shown to possess the ambiguity-free property. The multipath effect is assessed and compared with existing early-minus-late power and autocorrelation sidepeak cancellation technique discriminators. The noise effects of the theory and simulation are also discussed. In order to further verify the proposed scheme, a set of field data of a Galileo in-orbit validation satellite is collected and processed. It is demonstrated that the proposed method is simple to implement, free from ambiguities, and yields acceptable performance in the presence of multipath and noise.     

Adaptive wavelet transform based on cross-validation method and its application to GPS multipath mitigation

Global positioning system (GPS) multipath disturbance is a bottleneck problem that limits the accuracy of precise GPS positioning applications. A method based on the technique of cross-validation for automatically identifying wavelet signal layers is developed and used for separating noise from signals in data series, and applied to mitigate GPS multipath effects. Experiments with both simulated data series and real GPS observations show that the method is a powerful signal decomposer, which can successfully separate noise from signals as long as the noise level is lower than about half of the magnitude of the signals. A multipath correction model is derived based on the proposed method and the sidereal day-to-day repeating property of GPS multipath signals to remove multipath effects on GPS observations and to improve the quality of the GPS measurements.     

一种基于交叉证认技术的自适应小波变换及其在削减GPS多路径误差中的应用

多路径效应影响是目前限制GPS定位精度进一步提高的瓶颈。提出用交叉证认技术自动识别小波分解的信号层,再通过小波重构实现降噪和信号提取,并将该方法应用于GPS多路径误差的削减中。对模拟数据和实际GPS观测资料的分析表明,该方法能合理分离不同噪声水平下资料序列中的信号和噪声;当噪声水平小于信号振幅的一半时,能成功分离资料序列中的高频信号。同时,运用该方法得到的多路径改正模型和GPS多路径效应的重复性,可有效地削弱多路径效应的影响,提高GPS定位精度。     

Multipath mitigation via component analysis methods for GPS dynamic deformation monitoring

Multipath is one of the main error sources in high-precision global positioning system (GPS) dynamic deformation monitoring, as it is difficult to be mitigated by differencing between observations. In addition, since a specific frequency threshold value between multipath and deformation signals may not exist, multipath is usually inseparable from the low-frequency vibration signal using conventional frequency-domain filter methods. However, the multipath repeats in two sidereal days when the surroundings of a GPS antenna remain unchanged. This characteristic can be exploited to model and thus mitigate multipath effectively in dynamic deformation monitoring. Unfortunately, a major issue is that the degree of repeatability decreases as the interval between first day and subsequent days increases. To overcome this problem, we develop a new sidereal filtering referred to as reference EMD-ICA (EMD-ICA-R), where empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and independent component analysis (ICA) are jointly used to model multipath and renew the reference multipath. For the successful implementation of the EMD-ICA-R, an a priori denoised multipath signal is needed as a reference. We further propose to use the principal component analysis (PCA) method to extract more accurate reference multipath signal and form a combined PCA-EMD-ICA-R approach. Simulation experiments with a motion simulation platform were conducted, and the testing results indicate that the proposed methods can mitigate the multipath by around 67 % when a reliable reference multipath signal is extracted from a static situation. Furthermore, simulation experiments with different deformation signals added into the coordinate time series of three consecutive days show that the two proposed methods are also effective in a dynamic situation. Since wavelet filtering is used to denoise the reference multipath signals in the new approaches, simulation experiments with several wavelet filters are tested, and the results indicate that the PCA-EMD-ICA-R approach can work well with various wavelet filters.     

GPS多路径重复性试验研究

信号衍射和多路径效应是限制GPS定位精度进一步提高的瓶颈,观测中两者往往同时存在。衍射效应具有不完全重复的特性,为了研究多路径重复性并使其不受信号衍射的影响,本文提出先应用SIGMA-Δ信噪比加权模型削弱信号衍射的影响,再运用改进恒星时滤波法分析多路径重复性。实验观测资料分析表明,SIGMA-Δ模型能有效削弱衍射信号对定位结果影响,并且保留主要的多路径信号;而改进恒星时滤波法能适应测站周围多路径环境的变化,从而最大限度地削减多路径误差。两者组合比传统的恒星时滤波更能有效提高GPS的动态定位精度。