Zircon U-Pb Age, Trace Element, and Hf Isotope Evidence for Paleoproterozoic Granulite-Facies Metamorphism and Archean Crustal Remnant in the Dabie Orogen

Zircon U-Pb age, trace elements, and Hf isotopes were determined for granulite and gneiss at Huaugtuling (黄土岭), which is hosted by ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks in the Dabie(大别) orogen, east-central China. Cathodolumineseence (CL) images reveal core-rim structure for most zircons in the granulite. The cores show oscillatory zoning, relatively high Th/U and 176 Lu/177 Hf ratios, and high rare earth element (HREE)-enriched pattern, consistent with magmatic origin. They gave a weighted mean 207 Pb/206 Pb age of (2 766±9) Ma, dating magma emplacement of protolith. The rims are characterized by sector ur planar zoning, low Th/U and 176 Lu/177 Hf ratios, negative Euanomalies and flat HREE patterns, consistent with their formation under granulite-facies metamorphicconditions. Zircon U-Pb dating yields an age of (2 029±13) Ma, which is interpreted as a record ofmetamorphic event during the assembly of the supercontinent Columbia. The gneiss has a protolith ageof (1982±14) Ma, which is similar to the zircon U-Pb age for the granulite-facies metamorphism,suggesting complementary processes to granulite-facies metamorphism and partial melting. A fewinherited cores with igneous characteristics have 207 pb/206 Pb ages of approximately 3.53, 3.24, and 2.90Ga, respectively, suggesting the presence of Mesoarchean to Paleoarchean crustal remnants. A fewTriassic and Cretaceous metamorphic ages were obtained, suggesting the influences by the Triassiccontinental collision and postcollisional collapse in response to the Cretaceous extension. Comparingwith abundant occurrence of Triassic metamorphic zircons in ultrahigh-pressure eclogite and granitehydrous melt is evident for zircon growth in theHuangtuling granulite and gneiss during thecontinental collision. The magmatic protolithzircons from the granulite show a large variationin 176 Hf/177 Hf ratios from 0.280 809 to 0.281 289,corresponding to era(t) values of-7.3 to 6.3 andHf model ages of 2.74 to 3.34 Ga. The 2.90 Gainherited zircons show the similar Hf isotope features. These indicate that both growth of juvenile crust and reworking of ancient crust took place at the time of zircon formation. It is inferred that the Archean basement of the Yangtze block occurs in thenorth as the Dabie orogen, with ca. 2.90-2.95 Ga and 2.75-2.80 Ga as two major episodes of crustalformation.     

南秦岭佛坪西岔河角闪黑云片岩锆石U-Pb 定年及Lu-Hf同位素组成

秦岭是一个多阶段演化的复杂大陆碰撞造山带,经历了多期的洋—陆俯冲聚合过程,目前对于南秦岭勉略洋盆的闭合时间仍旧存在不同认识。本文对南秦岭佛坪西岔河角闪黑云片岩中的锆石开展了内部结构分析、原位微量元素组成分析和LA-ICP-MS微区U-Pb定年。CL图像揭示锆石内部无环带,或发育扇形分区,显示典型的变质成因锆石的内部结构特征。这些锆石在稀土配分图中显示LREE亏损,HREE富集,具有明显的Ce正异常和微弱的Eu负异常,与变质重结晶稀土配分图类似。此外,它们的Hf同位素组成均一,¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf和¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf的比值分别介于0.282 436～0.282 570和0.000 262～0.001 138,其ε_Hf（t）值介于-7～-2,两阶段Hf模式年龄（T_DM²）为1 707～1 409 Ma,晚于前人对长角坝岩群沉积时代的认识,可能与变质作用过程中流体的加入有关,使得¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf比值升高。这些变质成因锆石²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U加权平均年龄为220±1 Ma,该变质年龄及其锆石Ti温度计算结果（平均值约为716 ℃）均与佛坪热穹隆变质时代及变质温度一致,揭示这套角闪黑云片岩形成于高温伸展环境。由于典型的热穹隆常发育于伸展的构造环境中,因此佛坪热穹隆变质时代的确定揭示南秦岭勉略洋盆的闭合可能发生在晚三叠世之前。     

Sveconorwegian crustal underplating in southwestern Fennoscandia: LAM-ICPMS U–Pb and Lu–Hf isotope evidence from granites and gneisses in Telemark, southern Norway

Laser ablation ICPMS U–Pb and Lu–Hf isotope data on granitic-granodioritic gneisses of the Precambrian Vråvatn complex in central Telemark, southern Norway, indicate that the magmatic protoliths crystallized at 1201 ± 9 Ma to 1219 ± 8 Ma, from magmas with juvenile or near-juvenile Hf isotopic composition (¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf = 0.2823 ± 11, epsilon-Hf > + 6). These data provide supporting evidence for the depleted mantle Hf-isotope evolution curve in a time period where juvenile igneous rocks are scarce on a global scale. They also identify a hitherto unknown event of mafic underplating in the region, and provide new and important limits on the crustal evolution of the SW part of the Fennoscandian Shield. This juvenile geochemical component in the deep crust may have contributed to the 1.0–0.92 Ga anorogenic magmatism in the region, which includes both A-type granite and a large anorthosite–mangerite–charnockite–granite intrusive complex. The gneisses of the Vråvatn complex were intruded by a granitic pluton with mafic enclaves and hybrid facies (the Vrådal granite) in that period. LAM-ICPMS U–Pb data from zircons from granitic and hybrid facies of the pluton indicates an intrusive age of 966 ± 4 Ma, and give a hint of ca. 1.46 Ga inheritance. The initial Hf isotopic composition of this granite (¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf = 0.28219 ± 13, epsilon-Hf = − 5 to + 6) overlaps with mixtures of pre-1.7 Ga crustal rocks and juvenile Sveconorwegian crust, lithospheric mantle and/or global depleted mantle. Contributions from ca. 1.2 Ga crustal underplate must be considered when modelling the petrogenesis of late Sveconorwegian anorogenic magmatism in the region.     

Lu–Hf geochronology and trace element distribution in garnet: Implications for uplift and exhumation of ultra-high pressure granulites in the Sudetes, SW Poland

Combining Lu–Hf garnet geochronology with in situ trace element analyses in garnet allowed us to gain new insight into the metamorphic evolution of UHP–UHT rocks in the Stary Gierałtów region, in the Polish Sudetes. Prograde garnet growth recorded by Rayleigh-type heavy REE (HREE) zoning in the felsic granulites indicates that the obtained 386.6 ± 4.9 Ma Lu–Hf age represents the time of garnet crystallization on a prograde UHP metamorphic path. The surrounding rocks were metamorphosed at the same time as indicated by 381.2 ± 6.7 Ma Sm–Nd garnet age obtained for the mid-crustal metapelites. The second metamorphic episode, which affected most of the lower crust in the Orlica–Śnieżnik Massif (OSM) occurred at ca. 340 Ma as determined by U–Pb zircon and Sm–Nd garnet dating of granulites in this and previous studies is interpreted as a high temperature event, which took place on a retrograde path.

Trace element distribution in garnets from the layered granulites showed significant differences in distribution of medium and HREE in garnets from mafic and felsic protoliths over the course of the metamorphic evolution. This had strong impact on the isotopic dating results and led to “decoupling” of the Sm–Nd and Lu–Hf clocks, which recorded timing of the two different metamorphic episodes separated by as much as 40 Ma. Moreover, the preservation of the HREE growth zonation profile in garnets from the felsic granulites whose minimum metamorphic temperature was established at 900 °C implies that the Lu–Hf system under relatively dry conditions does not undergo significant diffusional re-equilibration even at such extreme temperatures and therefore it sill provides the age of prograde garnet growth. Under hydrous conditions, at least some resetting will take place, as documented by the partially relaxed HREE zonation profile in the amphibolitised mafic granulite, which yielded a 10 Ma younger age. The HREE distribution study appeared to be a particularly valuable and essential tool, which allowed us to distinguish garnet growth from post-growth complexities and hence, provide improved age interpretation. Medium REE, on the other hand, did not show any obvious correlation with the isotopic signature of garnet.

Two distinct metamorphic episodes recorded in the Stary Gierałtów region show that buoyancy-driven uplift of UHP rocks can be arrested at the base of a continental crust if not supported by any additional force. In our case study, the UHP rocks would have never reached the surface if their uplift had not been resumed after a long pause under a different tectonic regime. The multistage, discontinuous uplift revealed by the UHP rocks of the OSM provides a new scenario for the exhumation of continental crust from mantle depths distinct from the fast-track exhumation histories recognized in UHP terranes elsewhere.     

Lu–Hf and U–Pb isotope systematics of zircons from the Storgangen intrusion, Rogaland Intrusive Complex, SW Norway: implications for the composition and evolution of Precambrian lower crust in the Baltic Shield

The Storgangen orebody is a concordantly layered, sill-like body of ilmenite-rich norite, intruding anorthosites of the Rogaland Intrusive Complex (RIC), SW Norway. 17 zircon grains were separated from ca. 5 kg of sand-size flotation waste collected from the on-site repository from ilmenite mining. These zircons were analysed for major and trace elements by electron microprobe, and for U–Pb and Lu–Hf isotopes by laser ablation microprobe plasma source mass spectrometry. Eight of the zircons define a well-constrained (MSWD=0.37) concordant population with an age of 949±7 Ma, which is significantly older than the 920–930 Ma ages previously reported for zircon inclusions in orthopyroxene megacrysts from the RIC. The remaining zircons, interpreted as inherited grains, show a range of ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb ages up to 1407±14 Ma, with an upper intercept age at ca. 1520 Ma. The concordant zircons have similar trace element patterns, and a mean initial Hf isotope composition of ¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf_{949 Ma}=0.28223±5 (_Hf=+2±2). This is similar to the Hf-isotope composition of zircons in a range of post-tectonic Sveconorwegian granites from South Norway, and slightly more radiogenic than expected for mid-Proterozoic juvenile crust. The older, inherited zircons show Lu–Hf crustal residence ages in the range 1.85–2.04 Ga. One (undated) zircon plots well within the field of Hf isotope evolution of Paleoproterozoic rocks of the Baltic Shield. These findings indicate the presence of Paleoproterozoic components in the deep crust of the Rogaland area, but do not demonstrate that such rocks, or a Sveconorwegian mantle-derived component, contributed significantly to the petrogenesis of the RIC. If the parent magma was derived from a homogeneous, lower crustal mafic granulite source, the lower crustal protolith must be at least 1.5 Ga old, and it must have an elevated Rb/Sr ratio. This component would be indistinguishable in Sr, Nd and Hf isotopes from some intermediate mixtures between Sveconorwegian mantle and Paleoprotoerzoic felsic crust, but it cannot account for the initial ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd of the most primitive, late Sveconorwegian granite in the region, without the addition of mantle-derived material.     

粤东莲花山地区多期岩浆锆石年代学、Hf同位素组成及其成矿作用

粤东莲花山地区位于我国东南沿海火山岩发育区,是我国重要的钨金成矿远景区。通过对该地区各类花岗岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年、岩石地球化学特征、锆石Lu-Hf同位素组成和微量元素研究,结果表明：莲花山地区的岩浆活动至少存在3期,其中石英闪长玢岩形成于中侏罗世（（168.0±2.2）Ma）,黑云母二长花岗岩形成于早白垩世早期（（137.5±1.9）Ma）,石英斑岩形成于早白垩世晚期（（102.0±1.5）Ma和（98.7±1.8）Ma）;岩石以钙碱性铝质-强过铝质岩浆为主,石英斑岩和流纹斑岩与成矿关系密切;各类岩浆锆石的¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf值均低于0.002,¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf值大多数小于0.282 7,ε_Hf（t）值大多数处于-2.57~1.00之间,f_Lu-Hf值为-0.99~-0.95,二阶段模式年龄主要介于1.00~0.81 Ga之间,指示成岩物质来源主要来自新元古代古老下地壳变质泥岩和变质砂岩部分熔融,有少量幔源物质加入;锆石结晶温度大多处于650~750℃之间,岩石为I型花岗岩。莲花山地区不同阶段的岩浆活动和成矿作用与区域构造转换事件相关,虽缺少高精度成矿年龄对成矿时限的限制,但根据地质事实和本次研究认为该地区主要的钨金成矿时间应略晚于石英斑岩的形成时间（（102.0~98.7）Ma）。     

西藏南木林普洛岗岩体锆石定年和Hf同位素特征及其地质意义

对冈底斯中段南木林县普洛岗乡花岗岩岩体进行了原位锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年和Hf同位素分析。2个花岗岩样品加权平均年龄分别为(44.3±1.1)和(44.5±1.1) Ma,代表该岩体的岩浆结晶年龄为始新世。岩石地球化学资料显示,花岗岩SiO₂质量分数为60.53％~65.28%,K₂O+Na₂O质量分数为6.53％~7.98%,Al₂O₃质量分数为15.52％~16.13%,铝饱和指数为0.86~0.91,属于准铝质高钾钙碱性系列花岗岩类。花岗岩轻稀土元素相对较富集,具有明显的Eu负异常,微量元素中亏损Nb、Ta、Ti和富集Rb、Th、U、Pb。锆石Hf同位素初始比值ε_Hf(t)值为8.8~11.1,¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf 为0.282 994~0.283 060,Hf同位素地壳模式年龄为422~557 Ma,反映了其岩浆来源于新生地壳物质的部分熔融。普洛岗乡花岗岩的形成与新特提斯洋向北俯冲、俯冲板片折返断离有关。     

甘肃阿克塞县安南坝地区镁铁质麻粒岩锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素组成:对塔里木东南缘前寒武纪地质演化的启示

甘肃阿克塞县安南坝地区镁铁质麻粒岩呈脉状或透镜状赋存于新太古代米兰岩群和TTG片麻岩中。岩石主要由斜方辉石（Opx）+单斜辉石（Cpx）+角闪石（Amp）+斜长石（Pl）+磁铁矿（Mt）等组成,具有典型中-低压麻粒岩相岩石的矿物组合特征。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果显示镁铁质麻粒岩原岩形成时代可能为2 561±29 Ma,与塔里木东南缘2.6～2.5 Ga岩浆作用时代基本一致,说明新太古代晚期是塔里木东南缘重要的陆壳增生期。此外,通过测年还获得了～1.95 Ga、～1.86 Ga两期变质年龄。其中,～1.95 Ga的峰期变质年龄是塔里木克拉通东南缘古元古代晚期强烈构造—热事件的地质记录。～1.86 Ga的变质年龄可能与该地区古元古代末期构造—岩浆事件密切相关。镁铁质麻粒锆石¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf比值均＜0.281 621,ε_Hf(t) 值为-14.08～3.12,两阶段模式年龄（T_DM2）主要集中在～2.65 Ga,指示其原岩岩浆起源于新太古代富集岩石圈地幔。     

Zircon chemistry and magma mixing, SE China: In-situ analysis of Hf isotopes, Tonglu and Pingtan igneous complexes

Field relations and whole-rock geochemistry indicate that magma mixing has been important in the genesis of the late Mesozoic I-type igneous complexes at Pingtan and Tonglu in SE China. Morphological and trace-element studies of zircon populations in rocks from each of these complexes have defined several distinct growth stages [Mineral. Mag. (2001)]. In-situ LAM-MC-ICPMS microanalysis shows large variations in ¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf (up to 15 _Hf units) between zircons of different growth stages within a single rock, and between zones within single zircon grains (up to 9 _Hf units). These variations suggest that each of the observed magmas in both complexes developed through hybridisation of ≥2 magmas with different sources. Although this mixing has produced similar Sr and Nd isotopic compositions in the different rock types of each complex, the zircons have functioned as “tape recorders” and have preserved details of the assembly of the different magmas.

In the Tonglu complex the most primitive magma is a mafic monzonite (preserved as enclaves), whose isotopic composition suggests derivation from the lower crust; rhyodacites, rhyolites and quartz diorites reflect the mixing of the monzonite with ≥2 more felsic magmas, derived from older crustal materials. In the Pingtan complex, zircons in a quartz diorite enclave suggest mixing between a crustal magma and a more primitive mantle-derived component. Zircons from granites and granodiorite enclaves indicate mixing between the quartz diorite and more felsic melts with lower ¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf. Major changes in ¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf correlate with discontinuous changes in the trace-element composition and morphology of the zircons, in particular the development of sector zoning that suggests rapid disequilibrium crystallisation. We suggest that the magma mixing recorded by the changes in ¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf occurred during transport in magma conduits. The in-situ analysis of Hf-isotopic stratigraphy in zircons is a new and powerful tool for the detailed study of magma generation processes.     

Geochronology of high-pressure mafic granulite dykes in SW Sweden: tracking the P–T–t path of metamorphism using Hf isotopes in zircon and baddeleyite

Although the U–Pb zircon chronometer has been widely used for dating metamorphism in moderate‐ to high‐grade rocks, it is generally difficult to link the U–Pb age of zircon to specific metamorphic reactions. In this study, the initial Hf isotopic composition of secondary zircon is compared with the evolution of Hf isotopic composition of the bulk sample, back‐projected from the measured value through time. This approach may enhance the interpretation of radiometric ages performed on metamorphic mineral assemblages. Here, U–Pb, Sm–Nd and Lu–Hf geochronology and thermobarometry have been integrated and applied to two metamorphosed diabase dykes in the Sveconorwegian orogen, SW Sweden. The dykes are located ～5 km east of the NNE‐trending Göta Älv deformation zone in the Idefjorden terrane, and trend parallel to this zone. The Lunden dyke is recrystallized into a coronitic, granulite facies assemblage. U–Pb isotopic analyses of baddeleyite in this dyke indicate an emplacement age of c. 1300 Ma. Thermobarometric techniques applied to garnet and omphacitic clinopyroxene coronas indicate high‐pressure metamorphism at ～15 kbar and ～740 °C. The growth of polycrystalline zircon at the expense of baddeleyite occurred at 1046 ± 6 Ma. The identical Hf isotopic composition of polycrystalline zircon and baddeleyite shows that the baddeleyite‐to‐zircon transition took place before Hf equilibration among the other metamorphic minerals and, hence the c. 1046 Ma age of polycrystalline zircon sets an upper age limit of metamorphism of this sample. The Haregården dyke is recrystallized into a granoblastic transitional upper amphibolite to granulite facies assemblage. The estimated P–T conditions are ～10 kbar and ～700 °C. Analyses of small (～30 μm), clear and round zircon in this sample yield a Concordia U–Pb age of 1026 ± 4 Ma, which is indistinguishable from the Lu‐Hf and Sm‐Nd mineral isochron ages of 1027 ± 9 and 1022 ± 34 Ma, respectively. This type of secondary zircon plots at the lower end of the Lu‐Hf isochron and indicates simultaneous growth with garnet at c. 1026 Ma, a time when Hf isotopic equilibrium among minerals must have been reached.     

湖南仙人岩与金矿床有关的二长岩锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素及地质意义

仙人岩岩体位于湖南水口山矿田的南部。岩体内外接触带上均见有不同程度的金、铜、钼、锌等矿化,反映出岩体与成矿存在着内在联系。二长岩中锆石的LA-MC-ICP-MS年代学研究表明,其U-Pb加权平均年龄值为（156.09±0.46）Ma（MSWD=1.4）,显示为燕山早期侵位。锆石Lu-Hf同位素原位分析结果表明,¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf值为0.282 243～0.282 904,ε_Hf（t）值为-15.55～7.87,峰值在-10左右,Hf同位素二阶段模式年龄（T_DM2）为703～2 188 Ma,峰值在1 800 Ma左右,指示岩浆为壳幔混合来源。结合岩体的地球化学特征,认为仙人岩岩体主要来源于中元古代基底的重熔,是在中晚侏罗世地壳拉张减薄构造背景下形成的。另外,对比分析了仙人岩岩体与水口山岩体的岩石地球化学特征,前者分异演化程度相对较弱,这可能是其不利于形成同类矿床的原因。     

Behavior of trace elements in relation to Lu–Hf and Sm–Nd geochronometers during metamorphic dehydration–hydration in the HP domain of Vårdalsneset, Western Gneiss Region, Norway

The geochemical and isotopic characterization of an eclogite and the associated retrogressive amphibolite at Vårdalsneset, WGR, Norwegian Caledonide was undertaken to investigate the mobility of REE and Hf and the behavior of Lu–Hf and Sm–Nd geochronometers during metamorphic dehydration/rehydration. Eclogitic garnets display a distinct core–rim chemical zoning. Thermodynamic modeling indicates that both cores (13–22 kbar, 500–580°C) and rims (>16 kbar, 610–660°C) crystallized under eclogite-facies conditions. The core–rim zoning corresponds to the dehydration of the system. This petrographic disequilibrium is associated with Lu–Hf and Sm–Nd disequilibrium, which prevents dating of the eclogitic stages. At the rock scale, the incoming fluid responsible for eclogite–amphibolite retrogression brought in Sm and Nd, leached Lu, and had no influence on Hf. At the grain scale, mass balance shows that Sm and Nd were stored in clinozoisite since the first eclogitic stage, whereas Lu and Hf, which were more thoroughly redistributed among minerals during retrogression, enable the dating of the amphibolitic facies at 378 ± 17 Ma.     

Alpine reworking of Ordovician protoliths in the Western Carpathians: Geochronological and geochemical data on the Muráñ Gneiss Complex, Slovakia

Magmatic protoliths of Ordovician age have been identified in the metamorphic rocks of the Muráñ Gneiss Complex, Veporic Unit (Central Western Carpathians). Vapor digestion single zircon U–Pb dating yields an intrusion age of 464 ± 35 Ma (upper intercept) for the granite protolith. A lower intercept age of 88 ± 40 Ma records amphibolite-facies metamorphic overprint in the Cretaceous, during the Alpine orogeny. Geochemical and isotopic data suggest crustal origin of the orthogneiss. Nd_initial are between − 2.6 and − 5.0 and T_DM^Nd between 1.3 and 1.5 Ga (two-step approach). ⁸⁷Sr / ⁸⁶Sr_initial ratios vary between 0.7247 and 0.7120, and a steep REE pattern further constrains the crustal affinity of these rocks. Associated amphibolite bodies have Nd_initial values of 6.5, ⁸⁷Sr / ⁸⁶Sr_initial ratio of 0.7017, and a flat REE pattern. They are interpreted as MORB derived metabasites. Whole-rock Pb isotope analyses define a linear array in a ²⁰⁶Pb / ²⁰⁴Pb vs. ²⁰⁷Pb / ²⁰⁴Pb diagram with an age of ca. 134 Ma, consistent with intense Alpine metamorphism and deformation.

These basement rocks of the Central Western Carpathians are interpreted as Ordovician magmatic rocks intruded at an active margin of Gondwana. They represent the eastern prolongation of Cambro–Ordovician units of the European Variscides, which were part of the peri-Gondwana superterrane and accreted to Laurussia during the Variscan orogeny. Variscan metamorphic overprint is not recorded by the isotopic data of the Muráñ Gneiss Complex. Alpine metamorphism is the most dominant overprint.     

Zircon U–Pb age, trace element and Hf isotope composition of Kongling terrane in the Yangtze Craton: refining the timing of Palaeoproterozoic high-grade metamorphism

U–Pb age, trace element and Hf isotope compositions of zircon were analysed for a metasedimentary rock and two amphibolites from the Kongling terrane in the northern part of the Yangtze Craton. The zircon shows distinct morphological and chemical characteristics. Most zircon in an amphibolite shows oscillatory zoning, high Th/U and ¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf ratios, high formation temperature, high trace element contents, clear negative Eu anomaly, as well as HREE-enriched patterns, suggesting that it is igneous. The zircon yields a weighted mean ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb age of 2857 ± 8 Ma, representing the age of the magmatic protolith. The zircon in the other two samples is metamorphic. It has low Th/U ratios, low trace element concentrations, variable HREE contents (33.8 ≥ Lu_N≥2213; 14.7 ≤ Lu_N/Sm_N ≤ 354) and ¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf ratios (0.000030–0.001168). The data indicate that the zircon formed in the presence of garnet and under upper amphibolite facies conditions. The metamorphic zircon yields a weighted mean ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb age of 2010 ± 13 Ma. These results combined with previously obtained Palaeoproterozoic metamorphic ages suggest a c. 2.0 Ga Palaeoproterozoic collisional event in the Yangtze Craton, which may result from the assembly of the supercontinent Columbia. The zircon in two samples yields weighted mean two-stage Hf model ( T _DM2) ages of 3217 ± 110 and 2943 ± 50 Ma, respectively, indicating that their protoliths were mainly derived from Archean crust.     

吉林敦化松江河地区中生代似斑状花岗岩成因和形成环境:元素、Hf同位素和锆石U-Pb年代学证据

花岗岩是陆壳的重要组成部分,它是揭示地壳演化地球动力学过程的主要对象之一。为了揭示夹皮沟—海沟构造带的中生代地质演化,本文系统地开展了该带中段松江河地区花岗岩体内部产出的似斑状花岗岩的野外地质调查、岩相学、单颗粒锆石U-Pb同位素年代学、全岩元素、Hf同位素地球化学的研究。研究结果揭示:岩石呈粉红色、普遍发生较强的糜棱岩化作用,发育糜棱叶理构造;获得岩浆锆石的U-Pb同位素谐和年龄为217～169Ma;加权平均年龄为(169.6±1.8)Ma(n=9,MSWD=1.3);主量元素呈现高硅(71.18%～71.99%)、富碱(8.54%～8.93%)、贫镁(0.42%～0.52%)、贫钙(0.93%～1.38%)特征,并且A/NK>1.0,A/CNK<1.1;微量元素呈现低Rb、Zr和高Sr、Ba等质量分数,高Sr/Y和(La/Yb)_N特征;稀土元素表现轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素亏损和较弱Eu的正异常特征;获得锆石原位^(176 )Yb/^(177 )Hf值为0.010 517～0.050 159,^(176 )Lu/^(177 )Hf值为0.000 476～0.001 784,^(176 )Hf/^(177 )Hf为0.282 310～0.282 457,对应的锆石ε_Hf(t)值为-12.7～-7.5,二阶段模式年龄为2 792～2 325Ma。上述特征揭示,松江河地区中生代似斑状花岗岩属准中等分异、同碰撞向伸展转换的Ⅰ型花岗岩,原始岩浆起源于新太古代陆壳重熔作用,岩浆就位发生在中侏罗世早阶段;它记录了燕山期早侏罗世古太平洋板块向欧亚大陆之下俯冲的挤压陆壳活化产生岩浆,并于中侏罗世地壳伸展岩浆上升过程中经岩浆结晶分离作用而产生的中等分异岩浆结晶形成,成岩后于晚侏罗世遭受了韧脆性构造作用改造。     

中天山卡瓦布拉克地区中-基性岩脉的年代学及岩石成因

中天山卡瓦布拉克地区侵入岩类广泛发育,并多处被中-基性岩脉穿插。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年获得闪长岩和辉长岩脉年龄分别为296.1±2.5 Ma(MSWD=1.4),299.5±2 Ma(MSWD=1.07),均侵位于早二叠世。岩石学和岩石地球化学分析结果表明该区中-基性岩脉具有富集轻稀土元素(LREE)和大离子亲石元素(Rb,U,Th)、亏损高场强元素(Nb,Ta,Ti)的地球化学特征,SREE为69.19~234.62,LREE/HREE=3.97~11.18。闪长岩脉锆石(176Hf/177Hf)值为0.280 618~0.283 329,对应的εHf(t)值为-14.57^+25.06。研究数据表明,该区中-基性岩脉可能起源于亏损岩石圈地幔,原始岩浆在侵位过程中发生了分离结晶作用,同时还受到了地壳混染作用的影响。基于卡瓦布拉克地区中-基性岩脉的野外地质特征和地球化学分析结果,并结合区域地质资料,认为它们形成于南天山洋闭合之后的后碰撞伸展构造背景。     

北秦岭板山坪岩体锆石U-Pb年代学及岩石成因研究

板山坪岩体是北秦岭二郎坪群中的侵入岩。为了查明该岩体的成因,对该岩体进行了锆石U-Pb年代学、锆石原位Hf同位素研究以及矿物化学分析等方面的研究。研究结果表明,板山坪岩体岩性组成主要为石英闪长岩和花岗闪长岩,花岗闪长岩内部存在暗色包体。本次研究获得板山坪石英闪长岩锆石U-Pb年龄为442.7～432.2 Ma,花岗闪长岩锆石U-Pb年龄为436.8～432.7 Ma,暗色包体锆石U-Pb年龄为437.6 Ma。锆石¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf值为0.282 737～0.282 736,ε_Hf（t）值集中分布在8.4～9.4之间,二阶段Hf模式年龄（T_DM2）在876～832 Ma之间。石英闪长岩结晶温压分别为673 ℃～745 ℃和0.19～0.54 GPa,花岗闪长岩结晶温压分别为657 ℃～730 ℃和0.48～0.96 GPa,暗色包体结晶温压分别为680 ℃～734 ℃和0.69～1.65 GPa。综合分析认为板山坪岩体为复式岩体,两期结晶年龄分别为496～487 Ma和442～432 Ma。岩石来源于地幔分离出来的新生下地壳。     

皖赣交界地区历口群岩石组成及其对造山后超大陆裂解的指示意义

历口群是一套沉积-火山岩地层,分布于皖赣交界地区祁门—潜口—歙县断裂带以北,是江南造山带东段新元古代上部浅变质基底。历口群邓家组夹层玄武岩与铺岭组玄武岩具有大陆弧型玄武岩的REE配分模式((La/Yb)N=2.97~4.47)和微量元素模式。邓家组夹层玄武岩与铺岭组玄武岩的里特曼指数分别为0.029~2.203和4.304~6.538,表明两者是同期不同阶段的产物。历口群邓家组、铺岭组、小安里组界面清晰,形成过程连续,应该合并为一个组,仍称为邓家组,铺岭组作为邓家组上段,小安里组作为邓家组顶段。历口群邓家组中段上部夹层玄武岩用LA-ICP-MS法测得的锆石U-Pb年龄为(804.2±7.4)Ma。原位锆石Lu-Hf同位素结果表明玄武岩锆石的初始176Hf/177Hf比值为0.281 837~0.282 076,εHf(t)为-15.9^-7.0,二阶段模式年龄(tDM2)为2.16~2.68 Ga,意味着岩浆源区受到了地壳物质的强烈混染,代表着裂解中期阶段结束,岩浆活动发展至地表。历口群的沉积特征表明,江南造山带东段的新元古代裂谷盆地属于被动型裂谷盆地,俯冲板块的回撤为其主导因素,Rodinia地幔柱活动对大地构造的演化有明显影响,裂解的形成是板块活动与地幔柱活动相互作用的结果。     

Zircon U–Pb age and trace element evidence for Paleoproterozoic granulite-facies metamorphism and Archean crustal rocks in the Dabie Orogen

Zircon U–Pb ages and trace elements were determined for granulites and gneiss at Huangtuling, which are hosted by ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks in the Dabie Orogen, east-central China. CL images reveal core–rim structure for most zircons in the granulites. The cores show oscillatory zoning, relatively high Th/U ratios, and HREE enriched patterns, consistent with a magmatic origin. They gave a weighted mean ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb age of 2766 ± 9 Ma, interpreted as dating magma emplacement of the protolith. The rims are characterized by sector or planar zoning, low Th/U ratios, negative Eu anomalies and flat HREE patterns, consistent with their formation under granulite-facies metamorphic conditions. Zircon U–Pb dating yields a weighted mean ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb age of 2029 ± 13 Ma, which is interpreted to record a metamorphic event, possibly during assembly of the supercontinent Columbia. The gneiss has a protolith age of 1982 ± 14 Ma, which is younger than the zircon age of the granulite-facies metamorphism, suggesting a generally delay between HT metamorphism and the intrusion of post-collisional granites. A few inherited cores with igneous characteristics have ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb ages of 2.90, 3.28 and 3.53 Ga, suggesting the presence of Mesoarchean to Paleoarchean crustal remnants in the Yangtze Craton. A few Cretaceous metamorphic ages were also obtained, suggesting the influence of post-collisional collapse in response to Cretaceous extension of the Dabie Orogen. It is inferred that the recently discovered Archean basement of the Yangtze Craton occurs as far north as the Dabie Orogen.     

Very fast exhumation of high-pressure metamorphic rocks with excess Ar and inherited Sr, Betic Cordilleras, southern Spain

In order to attempt to further constrain the age of the early Alpine tectonic evolution of the Mulhacén Complex and to explore the influence of inherited isotopes, micas from a small number of well-characterised rocks from the Sierra de los Filábres, with a penetrative tectonic fabric related to the exhumation of eclogite-facies metamorphic rocks, were selected for ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar and Rb–Sr dating.

A single phengite grain from an amphibolite yielded an ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar laser step heating plateau age of 86.9±1.2 Ma (2σ; 70% ³⁹Ar released) and an inverse isochron age of 86.2±2.4 Ma with an ³⁶Ar/⁴⁰Ar intercept within error of the atmospheric value. Induction furnace step heating of a biotite separate from a gabbro relic in an eclogite yielded a weighted mean age of 173.2±6.3 Ma (2σ; 95% ³⁹Ar released). These ages are diagnostic of excess argon (⁴⁰Ar_XS) incorporation, as they are older than independent age estimates for the timing of eclogite-facies metamorphism and intrusion of the gabbros. ⁴⁰Ar_XS incorporation probably resulted from restricted fluid mobility in the magmatic rocks during their metamorphic recrystallisation.

Rb–Sr whole-rock–phengite ages of graphite-bearing mica schists from Paleozoic rocks (Secano unit) show a dramatic variation (66.1±3.2, 40.6±2.6 and 14.1±2.2 Ma). An albite chlorite mica schist from the Mesozoic series of the Nevado–Lubrín unit has a whole-rock–mica–albite age of 17.2±1.9 Ma, which is within error of an ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar plateau age published previously and of the youngest Rb–Sr age of the Paleozoic series obtained in this study. The significant spread in Rb–Sr ages implies that progressive partial resetting of an older isotopic system has occurred. The microstructure of the samples with pre-Miocene Rb–Sr ages reveals incomplete recrystallisation of white mica and inhibited grain growth due to the presence of graphite particles. This interpretation agrees with previously published, disturbed and slightly dome-shaped ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar age spectra that may point similarly to the presence of an older isotope component. The progressively reset Rb–Sr system is a relic of Variscan metamorphism of the Paleozoic series of the Mulhacén Complex. In contrast, the origin of the ca. 17.2 Ma old sample from the Mesozoic series precludes any isotopic inheritance, in agreement with its pervasive tectono-metamorphic recrystallisation during the Miocene.

Exhumation of the eclogite-facies Mulhacén Complex occurred in two stages with contrasting rates of about 22.5 mm/year during the early phase and 9–10 mm/year during the late phase; the latter with a cooling rate in the order of 330 °C/Ma.