阿特拉津低温降解菌的筛选及降解机理研究

以阿特拉津为唯一氮源, 在低温条件下(10℃),从吉林市污水处理厂的活性污泥中分离、筛选出1株能够高效降解地下水中阿特拉津的菌株W4.通过16S rDNA碱基测序和比对,初步确定该菌为假单胞菌属;通过室内降解条件优化,确定W4的最佳降解条件:初始pH范围为7～9,最佳碳源为蔗糖和乳糖,最佳碳源加入量为0.4 g/L.在最佳降解条件下,W4对初始质量浓度为34 mg/L、22 mg/L和10 mg/L的阿特拉津的生物降解反应符合零级反应动力学方程,对初始质量浓度为5 mg/L的阿特拉津的生物降解反应符合一级反应动力学方程.GC/MS分析结果显示,菌株W4降解阿特拉津遵循氯水解途径,代谢产物为2-羟基-4-乙胺基-6-异丙胺基-1,3,5-三嗪.     

羟基磷灰石吸附水溶液中Cd~(2 )的影响因素的研究

对羟基磷灰石 (Hap)固定水溶性Cd2 的影响因素进行了较为系统的实验研究。实验表明 :去除率与Cd2 初始浓度呈负相关 ,在Cd2 初始浓度 <10mg/L时 ,与作用时间、pH值、Hap用量呈正相关 ,温度对去除率的影响较小。通过正交实验确定了最佳吸附条件 :Hap用量为 5g/L ,pH值为 6 ,作用时间 5min。     

羟基磷灰石吸附水溶液中Cd^2＋的影响因素的研究

对羟基磷灰石(Hap)固定水溶性Cd2+的影响因素进行了较为系统的实验研究.实验表明去除率与Cd2+初始浓度呈负相关,在Cd2+初始浓度<10 mg/L时,与作用时间、pH值、Hap用量呈正相关,温度对去除率的影响较小.通过正交实验确定了最佳吸附条件Hap用量为5 g/L,pH值为6,作用时间5 min.     

低温下固定化微生物降解水体中阿特拉津的效果

针对低浓度阿特拉津对地表水、地下水的污染,于低温(10℃)条件下(考虑其在地下水或寒冷地区地表水污染中的应用),筛选的高效降解阿特拉津的优势菌株——4株菌W2、L1、L2、N8的混合菌(1∶1∶1∶1),采用吸附固定技术对其进行固定,选取最佳微生物固体载体——活性炭,并筛选出其最佳固定化条件:活性炭粒径为0.5~1 mm、pH=8。在此条件下,对固定化与悬浮态菌体处理阿特拉津的效果进行对比。实验结果表明,固定化混合菌的降解率在6 d内即达到了99.91%。     

花岗岩母质红壤吸附水中砷(Ⅴ)的影响因素试验

为探讨花岗岩母质红壤吸附水中砷(Ⅴ)的效果和机理, 采用静态吸附实验, 研究溶液砷初始浓度、反应时间、温度、pH值等因素对红壤吸附水中砷的影响.当溶液砷初始浓度小于5.0 mg/L时, 红壤对砷的去除率均大于97%;随着砷初始浓度增大, 去除率逐渐降低; 反应初期(0~120 min), 红壤对砷的去除率迅速增大至95.0%左右.此后, 去除率缓慢增大, 直到720 min后, 去除率达到97.0%左右, 并趋于稳定; 在砷初始浓度一定时, 红壤对砷的吸附量随着温度的升高逐渐增加, 但增加幅度较小; 红壤对砷的去除率随着体系pH值的增大呈减小趋势; 正交试验表明, 在砷初始浓度为5.0 mg·L-1、反应时间为120 min、pH为5.0及反应温度为40℃的组合下, 红壤对砷的去除率最大.      

基于分式析因及最佳子集回归的多种污染物复合污染特征——阿特拉津与多种污染物在松花江沉积物上的吸附效应

为揭示农药（晶体乐果、甲霜灵、阿特拉津、马拉硫磷、扑草净）与重金属（铜、锌、铅、镉、镍）10种污染物共存时的复合污染规律,以阿特拉津为目标污染物,采用分辨度为Ⅲ的2^10-6分式析因实验设计,并用完全折叠实验和区组设计进行辅助,通过多元线性回归的建模方法筛选并建立了以阿特拉津为因变量、10种污染物因子主效应和二阶交互效应为自变量的多元线性回归吸附模型。研究表明：共存体系中因子主效应项铅、铜、锌、镉、镍和农药晶体乐果显著抑制（显著性水平α=0.05）阿特拉津在沉积物上的吸附,与阿特拉津产生竞争吸附效应,因重金属主效应产生的拮抗作用占总拮抗作用的63.5%,其拮抗作用从大到小为镍、镉、晶体乐果、锌、铅、铜;在以镍为关键自变量的二阶交互效应项中,因二阶交互效应项产生的协同或拮抗作用占阿特拉津吸附能力的35.3%,其中,铅、镉和晶体乐果抑制镍与阿特拉津的竞争吸附,与阿特拉津在沉积物上的吸附发生协同作用,协同作用从大到小为镉×镍、铅×镍、镍×晶体乐果;而镍作为调节自变量的二阶交互效应项镍阿特拉津会促进阿特拉津的吸附,说明多种污染物共存体系中重金属镍对阿特拉津在沉积物上吸附影响作用的复杂性和重要性。     

粉煤灰/膨润土颗粒的制备与pb2+吸附实验

以天然钙基膨润土和燃料废弃物粉煤灰为原料,工业淀粉为致孔剂,采用挤出-滚圆技术,制备了粉煤灰/膨润土复合颗粒吸附剂,并用于含Pb~(2+)溶液的吸附。研究了吸附时间、pH、投样量和溶液初始浓度对吸附性能的影响。结果表明,采用挤出-滚圆法制得的复合颗粒吸附剂大小均匀,表面没有裂纹,具有良好的机械强度。吸附实验中,在投样量10.0 g/L,溶液pH为6,吸附时间120 min,溶液初始浓度100 mg/L时,复合颗粒吸附剂对Pb~(2+)的去除率达到97.40%,吸附量为9.74mg/g。热力学实验表明吸附剂对Pb~(2+)的吸附更符合Langmuir吸附等温模型。     

羟基氧化铁改性硅藻土对六价铬的吸附性能

利用羟基氧化铁对硅藻土进行改性制备复合吸附剂,然后用一次平衡法研究了复合吸附剂对水体中铬酸根的吸附性能。实验结果表明:pH值为1.0,废水中Cr(VI)质量浓度不大于100 mg/L,吸附剂用量为0.5 g,吸附平衡时间为30min左右时,对六价铬的去除率达85%。动力学研究结果表明,Cr(Ⅵ)在复合吸附剂上的吸附动力学可以利用拟二级动力学方程较好的描述。吸附平衡研究结果表明,Cr(Ⅵ)在复合吸附剂上的吸附既可以利用Langmuir模型又可以利用Freundlich模型加以描述,这可能是由于复合吸附剂对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附既有单层吸附又有多层吸附。     

共存镉/铜对沉积物(生物膜)中主要组分吸附阿特拉津的影响

采用选择性萃取分离技术对沉积物(生物膜)中非残渣态组分(铁、锰氧化物和有机质)进行分离,研究阿特拉津(atrazine,AT)-Cd-Cu系中共存重金属对选择性萃取前后沉积物(生物膜)吸附AT的影响.研究结果表明:共存体系中,沉积物(生物膜)中铁氧化物对AT的吸附贡献最大,其次是有机质,而锰氧化物则抑制AT的吸附;共存镉促进了AT在沉积物(生物膜)原样及各非残渣态组分上的吸附,镉质量浓度为0.2 mg/L时,促进作用最显著,各组分对阿特拉津的吸附贡献增加了3.20%～32.31%(沉积物)和1.61%～17.10%(生物膜),但随镉质量浓度的增加,其促进作用减弱;共存铜抑制沉积物(生物膜)原样及铁氧化物、有机质对AT的吸附,铜质量浓度为75.0 mg/L时,其抑制作用最强,铁氧化物和有机质对阿特拉津的吸附贡献分别降低了29.21%、22.36%(沉积物)和9.46%、77.27%(生物膜),但同时减弱了锰氧化物对AT吸附的抑制作用,其吸附贡献分别提高了28.98%(沉积物)和17.46%(生物膜).     

改性桑树叶吸附材料对废水中Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附性能研究

桑树叶富含植物多酚和黄酮类化合物,表面存在着大量羟基、羧基功能基团,在一定条件下通过络合作用或静电作用能与重金属离子发生吸附作用。但由于生物质中普遍存在着可溶性单宁,直接使用生物质吸附废水中的镉,去除效果不够理想。本文以生物质桑树叶为原料,经沸水蒸煮去除小分子和稀磷酸酸化改性,提高桑树叶的吸附容量,制备成活性吸附材料去除废水中的Cd(Ⅱ)。吸附条件实验表明:在p H=4.0时改性桑树叶对Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附效果最佳,当Cd(Ⅱ)初始浓度为150 mg/L,改性桑树叶的添加量为6 g/L时吸附率可达96.58%。化学改性桑树叶对Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附过程符合准二阶动力学方程,Langmuir等温吸附模型能更好地描述改性桑树叶的吸附行为,Cd(Ⅱ)最大吸附量为30.58 mg/g,与前人报道的吸附量显著提高。本项研究的改性桑树叶吸附材料价廉易得,为废水中镉的处理提供了一个新的方法。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861