Long-term performance of a constructed wetland/filter basin system treating wastewater,Central Florida

This study investigated the efficiency of a constructed wetland/filter basin (CW/FB) treatment system to improve the chemical composition of waste and surface waters. The system was constructed in closed phosphate mines used for clay settling and sand tailings. Monitoring was carried out for 18 months to evaluate the CW/FB performance under a variety of climatic conditions. Water samples were taken bi-monthly. To evaluate possible groundwater input into and water leaking out of the wetland 6 monitor wells were installed along the flow path and sampled monthly. In order to estimate the change of water chemistry along the wetland flow path, water samples along a transect were taken during the dry and rainy seasons. The samples were analyzed for pH, T, oxidation–reduction potential (ORP), conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), Fe(II), H₂S, major anions, major cations, arsenic, fecal and total coliform.The study showed the following changes in water quality between the input and output: (1) Substantial decrease of water temperature (up to 10 °C); (2) Significant change in pH from about 9 to 6.5–7; (3) Negative ORP confirming the reducing conditions of the treatment system; (4) Substantial increase of H₂S (up to 1060 µg/L); (5) Reduction of As from 5 to <2 µg/L (mostly <0.5); (6) Substantial reduction of SO₄, F, Cl, NO₃, NO₂, Br, Na, K, Ca, and Mg; (7) Reduction of fecal and total coliform from 30–730 and 1000–7000 to <2 and <100 count/100 mL, respectively. In general, the performance of the CW/FB treatment system showed great potential to improve the water quality of industrial and municipal wastewater. Despite significant seasonal variations with respect to temperature, rainfall and humidity, the chemical/microbiological composition of the wetland output remained relatively constant.     

流域湿地水文调蓄功能研究综述

湿地是流域水循环和水量平衡的重要调节器,在维护流域水量平衡、减轻洪旱灾害和应对气候变化等方面发挥极其重要的作用。流域湿地水文调蓄功能是湿地生态水文学研究的重要内容,科学认识和理解流域湿地水文调蓄功能对流域湿地恢复保护、水资源综合管控与应对气候变化具有极其重要的意义。本文阐述了流域湿地水文调蓄功能的概念与内涵,剖析了流域湿地水文调蓄功能时空变异性、阈值性和多维性三大特征及其影响因素（包括湿地土壤特性、植被特征和初始水文条件等内在因素和流域特征、降雨特征、气候变化和人类活动等外在因素）,探讨了流域湿地不变情景下和变化情景下水文调蓄功能评估方法,并介绍了流域湿地水文调蓄功能定量评估模型与应用情况。最后,从学科发展和实践需求的视角提出了流域湿地水文调蓄功能未来亟需加强研究的重点方向。     

Chloride imbalance in a catchment undergoing hydrological change: Upper Barwon River,southeast Australia

Documenting whether surface water catchments are in net chemical mass balance is important to understanding hydrological systems. Catchments that export significantly greater volumes of solutes than are delivered via rainfall are not in hydrologic equilibrium and indicate a changing hydrological system. Here an assessment is made of whether a saline catchment in southeast Australia is in chemical mass balance based on Cl. The upper reaches of the Barwon River, southeast Australia, has total dissolved solids, TDS, concentrations of up to 5860 mg/L and Cl concentrations of up to 3370 mg/L. The high river TDS concentrations are due to the influxes of groundwater with TDS concentrations of up to 68,000 mg/L. Between 1989 and 2011, the median annual Cl flux from the upper Barwon catchment was 17.8 × 10⁶ kg (∼140 kg/a/ha). This represents 340–2230% of the annual Cl input by rainfall to the catchment. Major ion and stable isotope geochemistry indicate that the dominant source of solutes in the catchment is evapotranspiration of rainfall, precluding mineral dissolution as a source of excess Cl. The upper Barwon catchment is not in chemical mass balance and is a net exporter of solutes. The chemical imbalance may reflect the transition within the last 100 ka from an endorheic lake system where solutes were recycled producing shallow groundwater with high TDS concentrations to a better drained catchment. Alternatively, a rise in the regional water table following land clearing may have increased the input of groundwater with high TDS concentrations to the river system.     

湿地水文学研究进展

水文过程在湿地形成、发育、演替直至消亡全过程中起重要作用.降水截流、径流和蒸散作用是湿地 大气界面水文过程研究的热点和重点,开发的模型较多但尚需进一步检验和完善.片流和明渠流是湿地主要地表径流,其中片流受地形坡度等因素影响而难以精确计算.湿地的地下水文系统对季节性积水湿地尤为重要,但是关于泥炭沼泽的垂向水力联系尚需进一步研究.可持续的湿地水文管理必须将人类活动和气候变化这两个因素纳入湿地综合水文模型,然而目前除少数几个综合模型外,大多数的湿地水文模型并非如此.加强湿地水文观测、多手段多技术相结合和开发综合湿地水文模型应是今后湿地水文学研究的主流.     

Calibrating n-alkane Sphagnum proxies in sub-Arctic Scandinavia

Moss covered, high latitude wetlands hold large amounts of terrestrial organic matter (OM), which may be vulnerable to expected climate warming. Molecular analysis of fluvially transported material from these regions can distinguish between different sources of terrestrial OM. Sphagnum moss may represent one of the major sources. This study aimed to quantitatively establish a molecular proxy for identifying Sphagnum-derived OM from high latitude peatlands in the sub-Arctic coastal ocean. We collected and analyzed Sphagnum species throughout northern Sweden and Finland. Results show that the C₂₅/(C₂₅ + C₂₉) n-alkane ratio is most suitable for terrestrial OM source apportionment in these coastal regions since, compared to other n-alkane Sphagnum proxies, it shows (i) the least variation between species, (ii) the most constant values for different latitudinal regimes and (iii) the largest dynamic range to the higher plant end member in two-source mixing models. Application of the proxy to surface sediments and suspended particulate matter in the sub-Arctic northern Baltic Sea shows that 68–103% of the terrestrial OM fraction is derived from Sphagnum-rich peatland. We recommend that future studies on terrestrial OM fluxes into (sub-)Arctic regions should apply the C₂₅/(C₂₅ + C₂₉) proxy to improve insight into the contribution of Sphagnum-derived terrestrial OM from climate-vulnerable, high latitude wetlands.     

Groundwater fluxes into a submerged sinkhole area,Central Italy,using radon and water chemistry

The groundwater contribution into Green Lake and Black Lake (Vescovo Lakes Group), two cover collapse sinkholes in Pontina Plain (Central Italy), was estimated using water chemistry and a ²²²Rn budget. These data can constrain the interactions between sinkholes and deep seated fluid circulation, with a special focus on the possibility of the bedrock karst aquifer feeding the lake. The Rn budget accounted for all quantifiable surface and subsurface input and output fluxes including the flux across the sediment–water interface. The total value of groundwater discharge into Green Lake and Black Lake (∼540 ± 160 L s⁻¹) obtained from the Rn budget is lower than, but comparable with historical data on the springs group discharge estimated in the same period of the year (800 ± 90 L s⁻¹). Besides being an indirect test for the reliability of the Rn-budget “tool”, it confirms that both Green and Black Lake are effectively springs and not simply “water filled” sinkholes. New data on the water chemistry and the groundwater fluxes into the sinkhole area of Vescovo Lakes allows the assessment of the mechanism responsible for sinkhole formation in Pontina Plain and suggests the necessity of monitoring the changes of physical and chemical parameters of groundwater below the plain in order to mitigate the associated risk.     

Peatlands of the Western Siberian lowlands: current knowledge on zonation,carbon content and Late Quaternary history

The Western Siberian lowlands (WSL) are the world's largest high-latitude wetland, and possess over 900,000 km² of peatlands. The peatlands of the WSL are of major importance to high-latitude hydrology, carbon storage and environmental history. Analysis of the existing Russian data suggests that the mean depth of peat accumulation in the WSL is 256 cm and the total amount of carbon stored there may exceed 53,836 million metric tons. A synthesis of published and unpublished radiocarbon dates indicates that the peatlands first developed at the end of the Last Glacial, with a rapid phase of initiation between 11,000 and 10,000 cal yr BP. Initiation slowed after 8000 cal yr BP and reached a nadir at 4000 cal yr BP. There has been renewed initiation, particularly south of 62°N, following 4000 cal yr BP. The initial development of peatlands in the WSL corresponds with the warming at the close of the Pleistocene. Cooling after 4000 Cal yr BP has likely led to increased permafrost and increased peatland development particularly in central and southern regions. Cold and dry conditions in the far north may have inhibited peatland formation in the late Holocene.     

Environmental history,palaeoecology and human activity at the early Neolithic forager/cultivator site at Kuahuqiao,Hangzhou, eastern China

The date and location of the adoption of rice cultivation by foraging cultures in China are of considerable current interest but its understanding is hampered by lack of information regarding its palaeoenvironmental context. We present detailed multi-proxy palaeoecological research at the earliest-dated site of rice cultivation in the coastal littoral of east China which has revealed the precise environmental setting of this early Neolithic settlement and its incipient cultivation at ca 7750 cal BP. Regional and local environmental changes governed the character of the site and the duration of human activity. After an episode of marine conditions, natural hydrological succession and terrestrialisation of the site preceded fire clearance of marsh fen-carr alder scrub that prepared the ground for cultivation and then maintained a reedswamp-type wet grassland in which rice was grown. Cropping of Typha stands may have formed part of the subsistence base before the site was overwhelmed by marine inundation ca 7200 cal BP, after which rice cultivation spread to Neolithic sites of Hemudu type elsewhere in the coastal lowlands. We suggest that integrated multi-proxy palaeoecological studies are vitally important for the full understanding of such key wetland archaeological sites.     

Differentiating dilution and retention processes in mine effluent remediation within a natural wetland on the Zambian Copperbelt

The use of wetlands to treat mine effluent has grown in popularity over the past two decades, although the processes by which the natural systems function are often poorly understood. This field-scale investigation utilises daily data over a 9-month period in assessing the processes leading to the remediation of mine effluent within a natural wetland on the Zambian Copperbelt. The study differentiates effluent remediation through dilution from pollutant retention. Decreased wetland outflow concentrations of SO₄ and Na are due to dilution only, while Co (50%) and especially Cu (83%) are retained within the wetland. Retention was linked to adsorption onto new or primed surfaces during an initial period of effluent release into the system and to processes related to pH buffering to 7.5. The wetland’s acid buffering capacity was largely the result of carbonate-rich groundwater discharge into the wetland. Although this buffering capacity likely shows little seasonal fluctuation (20–80 kmol/day), the impact of acidic effluent input on the wetland itself probably varies markedly between seasons, owing to the temporal and spatial characteristics of discharge from the catchment’s aquifers. Assessment of other natural wetlands in the region indicated that some (circa 15%) showed similar catchment size, hydrochemical and hydrogeological characteristics as those of the New Dam wetland, likely demonstrating a similar effluent remediation potential as that described here.     

Groundwater-wetland ecosystem interaction in the semiarid glaciated plains of North America

The prairie wetlands of northern USA and Canada exist in numerous topographical depressions within the glaciated landscape. The wetlands are disconnected from each other most of the time with respect to surface-water drainage. The wetland water balance is controlled by snowmelt runoff and snowdrift from the surrounding uplands, precipitation, evapotranspiration, groundwater exchange, and occasional “fill-spill” connections to other wetlands. Salinity of water and the seasonal variability of water level in these wetlands have a strong influence on the ecosystem. Clay-rich glacial tills, covering much of the region, have very low (0.001–0.01 m/yr) hydraulic conductivity, except for the top several meters where the factures and macropores increase conductivity up to 1,000 m/yr. Transpiration in the wetland margin induces infiltration and lateral flow of shallow groundwater from wetland ponds through the high-conductivity zone, which strongly affects the water balance of wetlands. In contrast, groundwater flow in the deeper low-conductivity till has minor effects on water balance, but has a strong influence on salinity because the flow direction determines if the salts accumulate in wetlands (upward flow) or are leached out (downward flow) under wetlands. Understanding of the roles of shallow and deep groundwater systems will improve the hydrological conceptual framework for the management of wetland ecosystems.     

Lacustrine records of Holocene flood pulse dynamics in the Upper Paraguay River watershed (Pantanal wetlands,Brazil)

The Pantanal is the world's largest tropical wetland and a biodiversity hotspot, yet its response to Quaternary environmental change is unclear. To address this problem, sediment cores from shallow lakes connected to the Upper Paraguay River (PR) were analyzed and radiocarbon dated to track changes in sedimentary environments. Stratal relations, detrital particle size, multiple biogeochemical indicators, and sponge spicules suggest fluctuating lake-level lowstand conditions between ~ 11,000 and 5300 cal yr BP, punctuated by sporadic and in some cases erosive flood flows. A hiatus has been recorded from ~ 5300 to 2600 cal yr BP, spurred by confinement of the PR within its channel during an episode of profound regional drought. Sustained PR flooding caused a transgression after ~ 2600 cal yr BP, with lake-level highstand conditions appearing during the Little Ice Age. Holocene PR flood pulse dynamics are best explained by variability in effective precipitation, likely driven by insolation and tropical sea-surface temperature gradients. Our results provide novel support for hypotheses on: (1) stratigraphic discontinuity of floodplain sedimentary archives; (2) late Holocene methane flux from Southern Hemisphere wetlands; and (3) pre-colonial indigenous ceramics traditions in western Brazil.     

Vegetation history and environmental development since ca 6000 cal yr BP in and around Ispani 2 (Kolkheti lowlands,Georgia)

The Kolkheti lowlands of western Georgia have a unique vegetation and a rich cultural history. Palynological and macrofossil analysis accompanied by AMS ¹⁴C-dates of the deposits of the Ispani 2 mire near Kobuleti allow the reconstruction of regional vegetation, environmental history and local peatland development within the context of Black Sea level and cultural changes. Comparison of two adjacent peatland cores confirms spatial differences in wetland development. Prior to 5400 cal yr BP, the Ispani basin was a floodplain of an active river system where overbank deposits with fluvially transported Castanea pollen were deposited. Subsequently, a lake or lagoon developed in which reeds expanded. These were succeeded by herb-rich open alder carrs. After 1900 cal yr BP, Carpinus and Fagus expanded on the dry grounds, where formerly Quercus was more abundant. Also Castanea declined. Local reedbeds, that burned regularly, succeeded the alder carr. After 1000 cal yr BP, a percolation bog developed resulting in the formation of 4 m of loose, porous, and largely undecomposed Sphagnum austinii peat with Molinia roots. The upper 50 cm of the analysed section show extensive human impact on the landscape during the 20th century.     

Scenario of particulate trace metal and metalloid transport during a major flood event inferred from transient geochemical signals

High-resolution sampling (every 3 h) of SPM was performed during a major flood event in a heterogeneous, medium scale watershed of the Garonne-Gironde fluvial-estuarine system (the Lot River; A = 10,700 km²; Q = 151 m³/s). Particulate metal and metalloid (Cd, Zn, Pb, Co, Cr, Ni, Mo, V, U, As, Sb, Th) concentrations were compared with monthly data of the same site (Temple site) obtained during 1999–2002. During the flood event, suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentrations closely followed river discharge with a maximum value (1530 mg/L) coinciding with the discharge peak (2970 m³/s). Trace metal/metalloid concentrations showed significant temporal variations and very contrasted responses. Particulate concentrations were similar to baseline values at the beginning of the flood and mostly increased during the event, showing anticlockwise and complex shape hystereses. Comparison of SPM yield (440,000 t) and particulate metal/metalloid fluxes during the flood with annual fluxes (1999–2002) highlights the great importance of major flood events in fluvial transport. Adequate sampling frequency during floods is necessary for reliable annual flux estimates and provides geochemical signals that may greatly improve our understanding of fluvial transport processes. The scenario of SPM and metal and metalloid transport during the flood are reconstructed by combining variations of Zn, Cd and Sb concentrations, concentration ratios (e.g. Zn/Cd, As/Th, Cd/Th) and hysteresis loops. Changes in SPM and metal/metalloid transport during distinct key stages of the flood were attributed to successive dominance of different water masses transporting material from different sources (e.g. industrial point source, bed sediment from reservoirs, plain erosion). Flood management (dam flushing) clearly enhanced the remobilization of up to 30-a old polluted sediment from reservoir lakes. Sediment remobilization accounted for ∼185,000 t of SPM (i.e. 42% of the total SPM fluxes during the flood) and strongly contributed to particulate metal/metalloid transport for Cd (90%), Zn (83%) and Pb (61%). Therefore, flood management needs to be taken into consideration in future models for erosion and pollutant transport.     

Chlor-alkali industrial contamination and riverine transport of mercury: Distribution and partitioning of mercury between water,suspended matter,and bottom sediment of the Thur River,France

Total dissolved and total particulate Hg mass balances were estimated during one hydrological period (July 2001–June 2002) in the Thur River basin, which is heavily polluted by chlor-alkali industrial activity. The seasonal variations of the Hg dynamics in the aquatic environment were assessed using total Hg concentrations in bottom sediment and suspended matter, and total and reactive dissolved Hg concentrations in the water. The impact of the chlor-alkali plant (CAP) remains the largest concern for Hg contamination of this river system. Upstream from the CAP, the Hg partitioning between dissolved and particulate phases was principally controlled by the dissolved fraction due to snow melting during spring high flow, while during low flow, Hg was primarily adsorbed onto particulates. Downstream from the CAP, the Hg partitioning is controlled by the concentration of dissolved organic and inorganic ligands and by the total suspended sediment (TSS) concentrations. Nevertheless, the particulate fluxes were five times higher than the dissolved ones. Most of the total annual flux of Hg supplied by the CAP to the river is transported to the outlet of the catchment (total Hg flux: 70 μg m⁻² a⁻¹). Downstream from the CAP, the bottom sediment, mainly composed of coarse sediment (>63 μm) and depleted in organic matter, has a weak capacity to trap Hg in the river channel and the stock of Hg is low (4 mg m⁻²) showing that the residence time of Hg in this river is short.     

Temporal and spatial aspects of peatland initiation following deglaciation in North America

A set of simple ecological models accounts well for the cumulative initiation of peatlands throughout North America in relation to glacial retreat. The most parsimonious form incorporates, first, a delay term to account for the lag during which newly deglaciated land became suitable for peatland initiation and, second, an intrinsic rate of initiation related to the probability of migration and establishment of plant propagules from elsewhere. The goodness of fit of the models, based on 1680 basal-peat dates throughout the continent, allows projection of past trends into the future. Factors contributing to the lag of about 4000 years between deglaciation and peatland initiation are suggested and data on colonization of deglaciated land by beavers (known to initiate peatlands) are presented. The rate of peatland initiation peaked between 7000 and 8000 years ago, but remains appreciable today. A marked depression of peatland initiation (8360–8040 BP) interrupted the peak rate. The time of the interruption matches the 8200 BP cold–dry event recorded in Greenland ice cores, and suggests that this event caused a substantial, continent-wide depression of an important ecosystem function, i.e., carbon sequestration from the atmosphere by peat deposition. Spontaneous initiation of new peatlands is projected to continue for millennia to come.     

From Pleniglacial to Holocene: a 14C chronostratigraphy of environmental changes in the Konya Plain,Turkey

In the endoreic, semi-arid Konya basin on the central Anatolian plateaux, long-term hydrological evolution has left various landforms and lacustrine deposits reflecting the regional climatic evolution, as well as human influence on the local environments. This paper presents results from a cooperative programme grouping several institutes from Turkey and France, on lacustrine, marshy and aeolian sediment sequences of Upper Pleistocene and Holocene age. The detailed study of environmental evolution is based on the reconstruction as well as on the characterization of the extension and contraction phases of wetlands occupying the lowest parts of the Konya plain. A soil and a marsh layer are ¹⁴C dated ca. 28,000–25,000 yr bp. Three phases of Pleniglacial (from ca. 22,000 to 17,000 yr bp) high lake levels are distinguished. Complementary OSL dates on aeolian dunes confirm the occurrence of two drought periods: the first occurs around the start of the Late Glacial, the second after the Mid-Holocene climatic optimum, the latter being ‘in phase’ with a similar drought in other Eastern Mediterranean regions. After 17,000 yr bp, no lacustrine phase reached as high a level as the Pleniglacial lake. During the Late Glacial, a shallow freshwater lacustrine phase is identified from >12,500 to 11,000 yr bp. The Late Glacial to Holocene transition corresponds to a general absence of deposits and dateable material, thus suggesting a period of drought, to which no aeolian features have so far been related. The Holocene environmental evolution shows a period of marsh and shallow lake extansion from 6000 to 5500 yr bp; this wetter period is interrupted by the second drought (ca. 5500 yrs bp) as indicated by aeolian dune activity. During the Late Holocene, a renewal of marshes, as well as soil development on slopes, can be interpreted either as climatic changes or as impacts of human use of water and soil resources during prehistoric and historic times.     

Impact of fire on long-term vegetation dynamics of ombrotrophic peatlands in northwestern Québec,Canada

A 7000-year record of local fire history was reconstructed from three ombrotrophic peatlands in the James Bay lowlands (northwestern Québec, Canada) using a high-resolution analysis of macroscopic charcoal (long axis ≥ 0.5 mm). The impact of fire on vegetation changes was evaluated using detailed analysis of plant macrofossils. Compared to upland boreal forest, fire incidence in these Sphagnum-dominated bogs is rather low. Past fire occurrence seems to have been controlled primarily by internal processes associated with local hydroseral succession. Size of the peatland basin and distance from the well-drained forest soils also appear to be factors controlling fire occurrence. The impact of peatland fires on long-term vegetation succession appears negligible except in a forested bog, where it initiated the replacement of Sphagnum by mosses. In some circumstances, fire caused marked changes in the bryophyte assemblages over many decades. However, ombrotrophic peatland vegetation is generally resilient to surface fire.     

Mid-Wisconsinan environments on the eastern Great Plains

Few sites on the eastern Great Plains contain paleobotanical records for the mid-Wisconsin. We report on four sites, two stream cutbanks and two quarry exposures, ranging in age from >50 to ～23.4 ka. The oldest site at >50 ka contains a suite of macrofossils from prairie and disturbed ground habitats, with no representation of trees, indicating an open prairie. By ～38 ka the assemblages include aquatic, wetland, mudflat, and prairie elements with rare specimens of Populus, Betula cf. papyrifera, Salix and at the most northerly site, Picea. This assemblage suggests a prairie/parkland with interspersed marshes, cooler temperatures and increased moisture. Populus and Salix continued to be represented from ～36 to ～29 ka, but the only other taxon was Carex. A hiatus may be present at some time during this interval. After ～29 ka, Picea became dominant on the uplands and it was joined by sedges in local wetlands. At sites near riverine loess sources, loess accumulation began to fill in the wetlands and organic deposition ceased some time after 29 ka.     

Did fires drive Holocene carbon sequestration in boreal ombrotrophic peatlands of eastern Canada?

Wildfire is an important factor on carbon sequestration in the North American boreal biomes. Being globally important stocks of organic carbon, peatlands may be less sensitive to burning in comparison with upland forests, especially wet unforested ombrotrophic ecosystems as found in northeastern Canada. We aimed to determine if peatland fires have driven carbon accumulation patterns during the Holocene. To cover spatial variability, six cores from three peatlands in the Eastmain region of Quebec were analyzed for stratigraphic charcoal accumulation. Results show that regional Holocene peatland fire frequency was ~ 2.4 fires 1000 yr^? 1, showing a gradually declining trend since 4000 cal yr BP, although inter- and intra-peatland variability was very high. Charcoal peak magnitudes, however, were significantly higher between 1400 and 400 cal yr BP, possibly reflecting higher charcoal production driven by differential climatic forcing aspects. Carbon accumulation rates generally declined towards the late-Holocene with minimum values of ~ 10 g m^? 2 yr^? 1 around 1500 cal yr BP. The absence of a clear correlation between peatland fire regimes and carbon accumulation indicates that fire regimes have not been a driving factor on carbon sequestration at the millennial time scale.     

洪泛湿地系统地表水与地下水转化研究进展综述

洪泛湿地地表水(SW)与地下水(GW)转化关系研究对综合管理湿地水资源具有重要的理论和实践意义。通过洪泛湿地SW-GW转化研究进展的综述,可深入了解国内外SW-GW转化研究的发展过程,有利于把握国际研究的主流趋势,系统掌握该方面研究的前沿手段。总结得出,洪泛湿地是我国诸多生态系统中特色突出的水文系统,其独特的水文变化及洪水脉冲的周期性扰动,使得SW-GW转化的动力学过程促进了洪泛湿地环境系统之间物质、能量和信息的传递与交换,驱动了湿地演变、物质元素循环和生物生长等生态功能的实现。分析认为,洪泛湿地的开放性和复杂性等特点决定了多学科交叉理论与方法成为SW-GW转化研究的流行手段和创新的基本思路。从学科发展趋势和应用需求的角度出发,应结合洪泛湿地多源数据信息与SW-GW耦合数值模型,深入揭示洪泛湿地SW-GW转化的动力学过程及对洪水脉冲变化的响应机制,这既是一个基础性工作,也是一个具有前瞻性的研究,将为湿地水资源、水环境等综合管理与调控提供科学依据,对诠释湿地生态效应内涵具有重要意义。