扫描数字化对点误差的统计特性试验与分析

研究了通过扫描数字化试验，获取了GIS中特征点对点误差的基础数据，分析了误差的成因，讨论了误差的分布规律和统计特性，为扫描数字化精度控制及数据质量的评价提供了参考依据。     

扫描数字化地图数据的误差构成及精度分析

从扫描数字化的基本原理及实施过程出发，分析了基于大比例尺地形图的扫描数字化的误差来源，着重讨论了影响扫描数字化数据结果精度的主要原因及采取的措施。     

地图扫描数字化的误差分析

对地图扫描数字化的作业特点和误差来源进行了分析、比较，对扫描数字化窨数据的误差性质和精度进行了探讨，并用几幅1：500的地籍图进行扫描数字化试验，对其中明显地物点的扫描数字化误差进行了统计检验。检验结果表明，扫描数字化数据误差不一定服从正态分布，且更多地表现出系统性，本文的分析对今后进一步分析扫描数字化误差性质，控制GIS数据质量具有一定意义。     

扫描数字化地图数据的误差构成及精度分析

从扫描数字化的基本原理及实施过程出发，分析了基于大比例尺地形图的扫描数字化的误差来源，着重讨论了影响扫描数字化数据结果精度的主要原因及采取的措施。     

扫描数字化地图数据的误差分析及控制

分析了基于扫描数字化GIS数据生产过程中的误差来源,针对各种误差提出了质量控制方法和一些质量控制指标,并结合实例作了精度分析。可以为地图扫描数字化减小误差、进行质量控制提供一定的借鉴。     

地形图扫描数字化中的误差来源分析

本文对于地形图扫描数字化的过程中,影响数据质量的因素作了详细的分析描述,并就在生产过程中怎样减少误差和提高成果质量提出了一些建议。     

地形图扫描数字化精度分析

本文分析了地形图扫描数字化的误差来源，讨论了误差控制方法及质量控制指标，探讨了成果数据相对于地形原图的位置精度，具有一定实用价值。     

地图扫描数字化误差分析及控制

地形图扫描数字化为GIS数据源的一种重要获取手段 ,已经成为地图数字化的主流。本文分析了地形图扫描数字化误差来源 ,针对各种误差提出了质量控制 ,并结合实例对误差作了精度分析。文中的讨论 ,可以为地形图扫描数字化减小误差、进行质量控制提供一定的借鉴     

图件扫描数字化的误差探讨

从图件扫描数字化误差理论分析出发,利用定向点和采样点的实验数据,对误差原因及分布规律进行了验证,得出了一些有益的结论,本文对如何提高大比例尺图件数字化的精度和速度有一定的实用意义。     

利用MapInfo进行图件扫描数字化的误差统计分析

目前越来越多的单位运用图件扫描数字化方法来获得ＧＩＳ的数据,文中首先对扫描数字化的误差来源进行了分析,运用大量的ＭａｐＩｎｆｏ扫描数字化数据对误差大小及统计精度进行了探讨,得出了一些有益的结论,对如何提高大比例尺图件扫描图像数字化的精度及利用ＭａｐＩｎｆｏ进行扫描图像数字化有一定的实用意义。     

Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world

Abstract

Cultures throughout the world are associating with the rivers. People depend upon the rivers and their tributaries for food, water, transport, and many other aspects of their daily lives. Unfortunately, human beings have not calculated the accurate lengths for the great rivers even today. The lengths of the rivers are very different in popular textbooks, magazines, atlases and encyclopedias, etc. To accurately determine the lengths of the principal rivers of the world, the combination of satellite image analysis and field investigations to the source regions is proposed in this paper. The lengths of the Nile, Amazon, Yangtze, Mississippi, Yellow, Ob, Yenisey, Amur, Congo and Mekong, with lengths over or close to 5000 km, were calculated using the proposed method. The results may represent the most reliable and accurate lengths of the principal rivers of the world that are currently achievable.     

世纪之交的沉思--论21世纪软科学的发展

软科学这一术语是70年代在国外提出的.然而30多年以来,它在国外不仅未得到普遍的承认,而且对软科学的定义也还未能达成大体上一致的共识.而在改革开放后的中国,出于决策科学化和民主化的需要,经过一些领导人的提倡和支持,特别是通过1986年召开的软科学座谈会及1994年召开的全国软科学工作会议,软科学事业得到了蓬勃的发展.据初步统计,截止1998年底全国共有软科学研究机构1224个,研究人员32655人,初步形成了一支较为强大的研究队伍,并取得了数百项覆盖多个领域的研究成果,为支持各级各类的决策发挥了一定的作用.     

Improving the modeling of the atmospheric delay in the data analysis of the Intensive VLBI sessions and the impact on the UT1 estimates

The very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) Intensive sessions are typically 1-h and single-baseline VLBI sessions, specifically designed to yield low-latency estimates of UT1-UTC. In this work, we investigate what accuracy is obtained from these sessions and how it can be improved. In particular, we study the modeling of the troposphere in the data analysis. The impact of including external information on the zenith wet delays (ZWD) and tropospheric gradients from GPS or numerical weather prediction models is studied. Additionally, we test estimating tropospheric gradients in the data analysis, which is normally not done. To evaluate the results, we compared the UT1-UTC values from the Intensives to those from simultaneous 24-h VLBI session. Furthermore, we calculated length of day (LOD) estimates using the UT1-UTC values from consecutive Intensives and compared these to the LOD estimated by GPS. We find that there is not much benefit in using external ZWD; however, including external information on the gradients improves the agreement with the reference data. If gradients are estimated in the data analysis, and appropriate constraints are applied, the WRMS difference w.r.t. UT1-UTC from 24-h sessions is reduced by 5% and the WRMS difference w.r.t. the LOD from GPS by up to 12%. The best agreement between Intensives and the reference time series is obtained when using both external gradients from GPS and additionally estimating gradients in the data analysis.     

Movements of the protoplanetary superconducting particles in the magnetic field of the Saturn lead to the origin of the rings

In this letter, we are trying to resolve the electromagnetic problem for the movements of the superconducting particles of the protoplanetary cloud in the magnetic field of Saturn. The force of levitation (Meissner-Ochsenfeld phenomenon) is introduced to the field of planetary science for the first time. It is shown from our theoretical analysis that rings of Saturn might have a superconducting origin, and rings might levitate within magnetic equator plane of the planet.     

省直管市（县）体制下建设用地监管技术研究

面向解决省直体制下市（县）建设用地管理业务监管难度大问题,研究建设用地全过程监管关键技术,设计该模式下的监管模式、技术架构、业务模型和数据模型,实现省直管市（县）模式下的建设用地批前、批中、批后＂批-供-用-补-查-登＂全过程监管。