基于VisualDB的南海海洋科学数据产品服务系统

基于VisualDB可视化数据管理技术和3层架构思想,设计并实现了南海海洋科学数据产品服务系统,用户可通过浏览器对南海海洋科学数据产品进行可视化查询、检索与获取;介绍了VisualDB的应用,就系统的体系结构设计、可视化数据管理、发布与共享服务功能进行了详细的描述;最后就ViusalDB的一些技术特性对南海海洋科学数据产品服务系统的扩展性作了探讨。文章对于完善南海海洋科学数据库的数据服务形式、建立南海海洋共享服务体系起到一定的作用。     

海洋生物技术育种的安全性控制与海洋农牧化

海洋基因工程技术产业化前景广阔,市场潜力巨大,是当前世界海洋农牧化技术发展的主流。然而,从环境、生态、生物多样性、人体遗传与健康角度考虑,基因工程技术的发展过程中必须加强安全性控制。从国际经验来看,基因、转基因产品的产业化有较大的推广阻力。离不开市场化运营、政策引导和国家投资。与传统产品相比,在发展基因工程技术的同时,制定与国际接轨的基因技术产品发展政策、生产与控制规程以及相关标准势在必趋。     

海洋地理信息产品远程保障模式研究

探讨如何改变传统的保障方式,建立新的海洋地理信息产品的远程保障模式。从有线网络技术、无线3G技术和卫星通信技术三个方面论述了新的远程保障模式运行框架,提出了建立新的保障模式技术路线。远程传输测试表明,三种形式的远程保障可行、高效、实用,可以进一步研制开发相应的软硬件实体平台。     

基于中医药文化与湘绣相融合的文创产品设计与思考

随着中医药产业的延伸发展,在文创产品开发方面形成地域特色的设计和展示,对于宣传推广中医药文化和助推中医药文创产业发展具有重要的意义。“中医药+湘绣”文创产品是利用中药材的独特外形,选取相对应的中国传统二十四节气和“湘九味”中药材,提取传统中医药文化中外在视觉形象与内在文化寓意元素的概括、提炼与解析,同时迎合人们日趋追求美与健康的生活态度,结合当代湘绣文化创意产品的设计理念,从“中医药+湘绣”文化融合元素中,发掘中医药文化中的美学特征。     

关于马王堆养生文创产品开发现状的思考

马王堆养生文创产品是马王堆养生文化与文创产品契合的产物,具有绿色环保实用等特点,并受政策环境、市场需求等影响,成为目前研究与开发的热点。目前马王堆养生文创产品呈现系列化开发、在产品包装上越发讲究、与企业通力合作的现状。但市面上的马王堆养生文创产品仍存在产品形式单一、对消费者缺乏正确的购买引导、销售渠道单一等问题。为破解瓶颈、加快发展,本文从立足文化特色,创新产品形式;根据调研分析,多层次开发;加大宣传力度,拓宽销售渠道等方面提出策略建议,以期为养生文创产品开发提供助益。     

滩涂地形测绘产品质量检验方法研究

滩涂地形测绘产品精度直接影响资料分析和应用的准确性,确保滩涂地形测量成果的质量和精度,滩涂地形测绘产品检验工作就尤为重要。简单介绍了滩涂地形测量范围、测量方法、技术标准等,并以上海市滩涂地形测量产品为例,详细探讨滩涂地形测量产品质量检验方法,以指导今后的滩涂地形测量工作。     

关于提升青岛旅游业发展水平的几点思考

提升旅游业发展水平涉及旅游业“吃、住、行、游、购、娱”六大要求的协调发展,本文侧重于对青岛旅游资源优势进行分析,对青岛市旅游市场定位、旅游产品定位进行探讨,提出实现青岛旅游业更高水平发展要解决的问题和思考 。     

台风“菲特”期间T639预报风场在东中国海的有效性检验

海表风场是航海、海洋工程及防灾减灾等都十分关注的海洋要素之一,本文利用来自台湾地区和韩国的风速观测资料,检验了台风"菲特"及一次冷空气过程期间T639风场预报产品在东中国海的有效性。结果表明:(1)台风"菲特"和冷空气期间,预报风速与观测风速在曲线走势上保持了较好的一致性。(2)从相关系数来看,各个观测站的预报风速与观测风速都表现出较为密切的相关性;从偏差来看,预报风速略高于观测风速;从均方根误差和平均绝对误差来看,误差也都在可控范围之内。(3)台风"菲特"期间,T639预报风场对台风眼、台风尾迹等气旋性特征刻画得较为形象,外埔气象站、东吉岛气象站和兰屿气象站受台风影响较为显著,淡水气象站、金门气象站和绿岛气象站受台风的影响则偏弱。T639预报风场对南下的冷空气过程同样有着较好的体现,对风向和风速都有很好的模拟。     

海洋生态产品政策的经济效应: 提升供给效率与实现共同富裕——基于中国沿海省份的数据分析

为探讨海洋生态产品政策工具的经济效应,尤其是对提升其供给效率与实现共同富裕的叠加影响,本文在设计理论分析框架的基础上,基于中国沿海省、自治区、直辖市2009—2019年的数据分析,利用计量方法研究了共同富裕、海洋生态产品供给效率、海洋生态产品政策之间的作用机制和影响机理。结果显示:海洋生态产品政策可显著提升中国海洋生态产品供给效率,促进共同富裕;海洋生态产品政策在各区域的经济效应显著度呈东海-环渤海-南海依次递减的情况;产业结构、人均受教育年限、人口总数、人均存款、人均贷款、人均财政支出、人均财政收入、少数民族地区情况等因素均会对海洋生态产品政策的经济效应产生影响。提出建议:明确优化提升海洋生态产品供给效率和促进实现共同富裕的政策目标;研究有利于优化提升海洋生态产品供给效率和促进实现共同富裕的政策工具;做好区域海洋生态产品政策的构建与完善工作。     

海水化学资源镁系产品技术研究与开发中的几个问题

在海水化学资源开发中,发展最早的是制盐(氯化钠)工业,也是直接从海水中生产的第一个化学产品,一直至今。我国制盐后的苦卤量已居世界之首,如何把苦卤中浓集了许多倍的化学成分有效地提取出来,特别是苦卤中的镁,几十年来未受到应有的重视,至今仍停留在以低档产品氯化镁为主的阶段,而苦卤中镁含量又是最高,镁系产品得不到很好的开发,势必影响到我国苦卤化学资源综合利用的解决。为进一步引起有关部门的重视,本文重点论述了苦卤化学资源镁系产品技术研究与开发中的有关问题,以利于促进我国苦卤化学资源综合利用顺利发展。1　苦卤镁系产品研究…     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans

A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.     

Estimation of Sediment Properties during Benthic Impact Experiments

Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges.     

A Tidal Flow Model for the Gulf of Kachchh, India

A vertically integrated model has been used to study the tidal circulation and currents in the Gulf of Kachchh along the west coast of India. The model is fully nonlinear and uses a semiexplicit finite difference scheme to solve the basic hydrodynamic equations on a staggered grid. The model is forced by prescribing the tides along the open boundary of the model domain. The flow is simulated both with and without the presence of the proposed tidal barrage across the Hansthal Creek in the Gulf of Kachchh. The results show a considerable change in the behavior of the tidal flow in the presence of the barrage.     

利用中国GF-3卫星SAR和HY-2A卫星微波散射计的首次台风联合定量观测

<正>The typhoon,as a mature tropical cyclone that develops in the western part of the North Pacific Ocean with high wind speed and heavy rainfall,is one of the most lethal and costly of natural disasters for the densely populated countries of East Asia.It can be easily detected by space-borne sensors operated at microwave,visible or infrared bands(Liu et al.,2014).Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)is     

Increased Particle Fluxes at the INDEX Site Attributable to Simulated Benthic Disturbance

Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement.     

A Review of Some Environmental Issues Affecting Marine Mining

This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested.     

离子交换—原子吸收光谱法测定海水中痕量铜、铅、锌、镉、铁、锰

本文介绍了用国产D401型螯合树脂分离富集海水中铜、铅、锌、镉、铁、锰等痕量元素,并用原子吸收光谱仪测定其含量的方法。讨论了各元素的分离条件选择及干扰元素的影响,并与溶剂萃取法的结果作了比较。各元素检测的定量下限为:铜0.5μg/L、铅0.1μg/L、锌1.0μg/L、镉0.01μg/L、铁2.0μg/L、锰2.0μg/L。方法精密度在4—8％之间,回收率为90—102％。