虾壳红色素的抗氧化和抗肿瘤作用

为综合利用虾、蟹等水产品壳废料,采用有机溶剂萃取方法提取虾壳中的红色素,它是一类以虾青素及其酯为主的类胡萝卜素。比较虾壳红色素与维生素Ｃ在抑制小鼠肝匀浆脂质过氧化,以及抑制人大肠癌ＳＷ１１１６细胞株增殖的作用。结果表明虾壳红色素对小鼠肝匀浆脂质过氧化具有明显的抑制作用,其效果比维生素Ｃ强１０倍以上;浓度为１×１０－９及１×１０－８ｍｏｌ／Ｌ虾壳红色素对人大肠癌ＳＷ１１１６细胞株增殖抑制率分别为２３．４％和３９．０％,在浓度为１×１０－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ中培养的细胞基本死亡。提示了虾、蟹壳废料潜在的应用价值。     

厦门潘涂对虾养殖垦区浮游植物的生态特征

1995年6月至1996年5月对厦门市潘涂对虾养殖垦区的浮游植物进行了调查，鉴定虾池浮游植物82属300种。其中，硅藻229种（底栖种类为主），甲藻30种，绿藻30种，蓝藻5种，隐藻和裸藻各3种。发现虾池浮游植物数量上以硅藻、绿藻和甲藻为主，并且多属于微型和超微型种类、调查虾池浮游植物的生态特征与邻近海区有较大的差别。文中还对浮游植物生态特征及其与保持虾池水质环境稳定性关系方面作了初步探讨。     

中国对虾支原体的电镜研究

1990年7～8月,舟山地区的对虾养殖场暴发了流行性对虾黑鳃褐斑综合症,造成对虾大量死亡。作者根据这一病情,对病虾的主要器官组织进行了电镜观察。结果发现,病虾鳃丝细胞中有支原体感染。寄生部位为鳃呼吸上皮细胞的细胞质和核周腔。支原体多形态,呈近圆形、细长条形不等,无细胞壁,仅有单一膜包围,中心为一电子密度较低的区域。     

罗氏沼虾配合饲料福建省地方标准的拟定思路

本文概述了罗氏沼虾配合饲料福建省地方标准制订的目的和意义，对标准主要指标的拟订依据和思路作了较详细的说明.     

土霉素在凡纳滨对虾肌肉组织中残留情况的研究

以凡纳滨对虾Litopenaeus vannamei为研究对象,研究土霉素在凡纳滨对虾生物体内的代谢规律。在24—30℃水温中,将土霉素添加到饲料中,以每天喂养土霉素100mg.kg-1的剂量,连续喂养10d,停药后每隔一定时间抽样检测土霉素残留量,同时作不加药喂养对比试验,测定并分析凡纳滨对虾组织中土霉素的残留量。实验结果表明,停止喂养土霉素10d后,虾肉中土霉素残留量只有66.78μg.kg-1,低于我国现行无公害食品行业标准和联合国粮农组织的安全限量要求,可供人安全食用。     

流式细胞术检测虾类血细胞活性氧含量方法的建立

建立和优化了流式细胞术检测虾类血细胞活性氧含量的方法。以2′,7′-二氢二氯荧光黄双乙酸钠(DCFH-DA)为ROS特异探针,以斑节对虾(Penaeus monodon)血细胞为材料,用流式细胞仪检测不同染料浓度和不同染料孵育时间下血细胞的荧光强度、细胞形态特征和细胞活性的变化。结果表明,利用FCM检测虾类血细胞ROS含量的适宜的染料浓度和最佳的孵育时间分别为10μmol/L和30 min。     

Fishing methods for sustainable shrimp fisheries in the Canary Islands (North-West Africa)

During the past 20 years, experimental cruises have been conducted around the Canary Islands (North-West Africa) to investigate the biodiversity of the deep-sea ecosystem and to explore new fisheries resources. Although pandalid shrimps were shown to be very abundant in this region, information is lacking regarding the best fishing method for catching the different species of shrimp. Here, two types of traps were tested, a semi-floating shrimp trap and a traditional bottom trap, in an effort to improve the fishing gear effectiveness and to reduce the capture of non-target species. In total, nine species were captured, which were categorised into three main groups based on their depth of capture: Plesionika edwardsii, P. narval and P. holtuisi (100–400 m); P. ensis, P. martia, P. williamsi and Heterocarpus ensifer (400–800 m); and H. grimaldii and H. laevigatus (800–1 300 m). Significant differences were found in the capture of the different species: P. narval, P. ensis, P. edwardsii and H. ensifer were captured more readily using the semi-floating traps, whereas P. martia, P. williamsi, H. grimaldii and H. laevigatus were caught more efficiently with traditional bottom traps. This intra-specific difference in their capture was considered to be due to the differential motility of the species in the water column. There were indications that P. edwardsii and H. ensifer are an unexploited resource that has the potential to support a viable and sustainable fishery using semi-floating shrimp traps. Furthermore, the deeper-dwelling pandalid shrimps, H. laevigatus and H. grimaldi, could be a secondary target species using bottom traps.     

厦门同安西柯对虾养殖池的细菌数量动态

本文研究了对虾养成期间养殖池生态系中细菌的数量动态,探讨其变化规律与虾病的关系。结果表明,总细菌、弧菌和发光细菌在水体、底质和虾体中的数量变化各异。在水体各菌数与其环境因子的关系中,除了总菌数与COD存在着正相关外,其它的不存在相关性。虾体的总细菌、弧菌和发光细菌的数量（以细胞计）可以用来预报虾病,三者的阅值分别为107个　／g（湿重）、105个／g（湿重）和104介／g（湿重）。通过对对虾的细菌学跟踪监测,可以及时采取有效的应急防治措施。     

北方地区秋季日本对虾室内高密度精养的试验

为充分利用每年的8月以后直到翌年3月份都处于休闲状态的育苗场设施资源，笔者于1999年8月在河北黄骅进行日本对虾室内高密度精养的试验。在水温23－28℃、盐度28－32下，8月27日放苗，11月24日收成，养殖时间87d，单位水体产量平均为0．818kg/m^3，平均存活率为50．1％，旬生长率平均为0．75cm，成虾体长平均8cm，饵料系数为2．51，投入与产出比为2．5，平均单位水体创利63．83元／m^3，其结果说明本养殖模式不仅是可行的，而且具有利用率和效益高、实用性强的优点。本文还就相关问题进行了讨论。     

南海区桁杆虾拖网40 mm方目分离网片选择性的初步研究

为了研究桁杆虾拖网40 mm方目分离网片对渔获物的分隔效果和选择性,作者采用"套网法"于2015年8月在南海北部近海渔场进行了试验。计算分离网片对主要渔获物的尾数分隔率和质量分隔率,使用Logistic曲线作为选择性模型,运用极大似然估算法估算选择性参数。结果表明:虾拖网的目标种类为刀额新对虾(Metapenaeus ensis)和周氏新对虾(Metapenaeus joyneri),优势副渔获为丽叶鲹(Caranx(Atule)kalla);刀额新对虾和周氏新对虾的尾数分隔率和质量分隔率均大于90%;尾数分隔率和质量分隔率均大于80%的种类有:杂食豆齿鳗(Pisoodonophis boro)、黄斑蓝子鱼(Siganus oramin)、高体若鲹(Carangoides equula)和卵鳎(Solea ovata Richardson);丽叶鲹和脊突猛虾姑(Harpiosquilla raphidea)的尾数分隔率和质量分隔率均大于60%;周氏新对虾、脊突猛虾姑、丽叶鲹和黄斑蓝子鱼对分离网片的接触率分别为0.51、0.69、0.41和0.39,其50%选择体长(L50)分别为57.96±2.07、69.62±2.13、68.19±0.49和73.12 mm±1.26 mm。研究结果可为提高南海桁杆虾拖网的选择性积累数据,为缓解其对渔业资源补充群体的不良影响提供参考。     

饵料种类和摄食水平对中国对虾蜕皮的影响

采用鱼肉、虾肉、蛤肉、沙蚕、配合饲料和以上 5种饵料的等干重混合物投喂体重为 ( 1.5 3 0± 0 .0 47) g的中国对虾 3 0d ,并对体重分别为 ( 2 .988± 0 .2 0 0 )g ,( 7.960± 0 .45 0 ) g ,( 14 .177± 0 .868) g ,( 19.0 12± 1.413 )g 4个规格的中国对虾采用配合饲料分别按每天体重 0 % ,0 .5 % ,1.0 % ,1.5 %和过量 5个摄食水平进行投喂 2 8d ,对中国对虾的蜕皮进行了研究。实验结果证明 ,饵料种类对中国对虾的蜕皮次数 (MT)、蜕皮量、蜕皮能占摄食能的比例及每次蜕皮的体重增长都有显著影响。实验期间中国对虾的蜕皮次数范围为 2 .3 1～ 3 .98次 ,蜕皮能占摄食能的比例为 1.16%～ 2 .72 % ,每次蜕皮的体重增长为 0 .14 1～ 0 .488g。不同摄食水平对中国对虾的蜕皮能占摄食能的比例及每次蜕皮的体重增长都有显著影响 ,前者随摄食水平的提高而下降 ,后者随摄食水平的提高而增加。摄食水平对 ( 2 .988± 0 .2 0 0 ) g的对虾的蜕皮次数 (MT)和蜕皮的干重、氮含量、能量的影响较大 ,而对其余 3个规格的对虾影响较小。摄食水平对对虾每次蜕皮的干重、氮含量、能量及单位体重每次蜕皮的干重、氮含量、能量的影响仅表现为饥饿或较低摄食水平与其它摄食水平差异显著 ,而更高的摄食水平对它们没有显著影响。     

闽南虾池综合养殖系统的结构及其养殖效益

本文根据3个地点4口虾池周年跟踪调查，报道了综合养殖系统的结构及其特点、养殖管理技术、各综合养殖系统的经济效益以及各系统的效益评价。此外，还阐述了存在问题与展望，这些调查成果可为对虾养殖业的持续发展提供科学依据。     

The impact of shrimp trawling and associated sediment resuspension in mud dominated, shallow estuaries

To address the relative importance of shrimp trawling on seabed resuspension and bottom characteristics in shallow estuaries, a series of disturbance and monitoring experiments were conducted at a bay bottom mud site (2.5 m depth) in Galveston Bay, Texas in July 1998 and May 1999. Based on pre- and post-trawl sediment profiles of ⁷Be; pore water dissolved oxygen and sulfide concentration; and bulk sediment properties, it was estimated that the trawl rig, including the net, trawl doors, and “tickler chain,” excavate the seabed to a maximum depth of approximately 1.5 cm, with most areas displaying considerably less disturbance. Water column profile data in the turbid plume left by the trawl in these underconsolidated muds (85–90% porosity; <0.25 kPa undrained shear strength) demonstrate that suspended sediment inventories of up to 85–90 mg/cm² are produced immediately behind the trawl net; an order of magnitude higher than pre-trawl inventories and comparable to those observed during a 9–10 m/s wind event at the study site. Plume settling and dispersion caused suspended sediment inventories to return to pre-trawl values about 14 min after trawl passage in two separate experiments, indicating particles re-settle primarily as flocs before they can be widely dispersed by local currents. As a result of the passage of the trawl rig across the seabed, shear strength of the sediment surface showed no significant increase, suggesting that bed armoring is not taking place and the trawled areas will not show an increase in critical shear stress.