Introduction: Rethinking Practices for Enhancing Diversity in the Discipline

This study explores the variations in household participation rates in recycling projects implemented in urban and suburban communities. A causal model is developed to compare the demographic attributes of residents, their awareness of the recycling programs, their environmental attitudes, and their overall willingness to recycle. The model is assessed by Linear Structural Equations Methodology (LISREL). The results suggest that household recycling behavior is not consistent across communities due primarily to variations in demographic characteristics of residents and their evaluation of program policies.     

中国大城市保障房居民情绪幸福感影响因素 ——以广州市为例

采用在广州市13个保障房社区收集的一手数据,运用多元线性回归模型和中介效应分析技术,分析了保障房社区居民情绪幸福感影响因素。结果表明：社区建成环境（住房条件、社区建设）和社区社会环境（社区社会网络和社区凝聚力）与情绪幸福感水平显著相关,但没有证据表明社区内的保障房比重与情绪幸福感相关。此外,居民的人口与社会经济特征与其情绪幸福感显著相关。身体健康水平与情绪幸福感水平显著相关,且对于婚姻状况和住房条件与情绪幸福感的关系而言起到中介效应。因此,保障房的规划和建设要兼顾社会环境建设和物质环境建设,以提升保障房社区居民的幸福感和生活体验。     

大型垃圾处理设施周边居民污染感知影响因素及空间特征

近年来,随着中国大城市的快速发展,城市内部的大型垃圾处理设施与居住空间相交叠,影响居民生活品质.论文以北京市最大的垃圾处理中心——阿苏卫为研究对象,基于2019年8-10月获取的问卷数据,构建表征居民污染感知与污染源的空间距离、居民属性和居民主观认知3类因素关系的多层线性模型,以探索大城市邻避设施周边居民污染感知的影响...     

新疆天山遗产地居民对生态移民的感知及满意度研究

在遗产地生态移民能否实现生态保护、改善民生、旅游可持续发展的多赢是遗产研究者、决策者和居民共同关注的问题。通过问卷调查和深入访谈法对新疆天山的4个移民社区进行调研,从居民感知和满意度的角度评估移民效果。结果表明：（1）居民对经济、心理正面影响反对率高,社会影响感知存在分歧,环境正面影响赞成率高。生态环境保护成效明显,但居民收入、生活质量改善不大,社区归属感弱。（2） 居民满意度偏低。（3） 不同人口学特征、旅游依存度的居民感知及满意度存在显著差异。从事旅游业的居民收入和满意度最高,旅游富民作用和不足兼有。（4） 与定居民族比,游牧民族在移民后生产生活方式变化更大。最后,提出改善居民经济条件,加强其知识、技能培训,社区赋权,完善生态补偿机制建议。     

绿色空间对休闲性体力活动影响的社区分异 ——以广州市为例

以广州市20个典型社区为例,构建多元线性回归模型,探讨了绿色空间对居民休闲性体力活动的影响,并剖析绿色空间对不同类型社区居民休闲性体力活动影响的作用机制。结果发现：1）不同类型社区居民的休闲性体力活动水平存在明显差异,低档社区的为782.99 MET-min/w,中档社区的为871.70 MET-min/w,高档社区的为1 227.91 MET-min/w;2）影响不同类型社区居民休闲性体力活动水平的绿色空间因素有所不同,低档社区、中档社区和高档社区的显著因子分别为“到最近公园广场距离”“邻里绿化覆盖率”和“健身活动设施数量”;3）绿色空间对休闲性体力活动水平影响的作用机制存在社区差异,低档社区居民休闲性体力活动主要受到成本作用的约束,中档社区居民主要受绿化环境作用影响,而高档社区居民主要受机会作用影响。     

城市居民超重的居住分异

基于广州25个典型社区（4种居住类型）的962份调查问卷,采用卡方分析和二元逻辑回归模型探讨了居民的超重特征。结果发现,不同居住类型具有不同的超重水平和超重分层特征。1）居民超重率为历史街区＞保障性住房＞单位社区＞商品房社区。商品房社区居民超重水平最低,与其较高的受教育程度与收入水平带来更好的健康知识和社区资源获取能力有关;单位社区和历史街区超重水平较高,与其长期的住房环境隔离聚集了大量受教育程度和收入水平都较低的居民有关;此外,历史街区较大比例的高龄人群也使超重率提高;保障性住房居民较高的超重率与其较差的社区环境,以及具有高比例资源获取能力差的低收入人群相关。2）对所有居住类型来说,老年人和已婚人口都是容易超重的人群。保障性住房和单位社区居民收入的提高可能增加额外的社区资源可获得性,而产生超重分层。历史街区居民整体教育水平偏低,相比之下,高教育水平居民可能因其具有更多的健康知识而降低超重水平。商品房社区产生超重分层与其高收入居民具有的不健康工作生活方式有关。     

中国城市PM2.5污染对居民主观幸福感的影响及支付意愿研究

利用2015年中国40个城市大规模问卷调查数据,采用贝叶斯多层级有序分类响应模型探讨了PM_2.5污染对居民主观幸福感的影响,进而核算居民为减轻PM_2.5污染的支付意愿。研究发现：PM_2.5污染对主观幸福感具有显著的负向影响,PM_2.5污染每增加1个单位,主观幸福感将下降0.040个百分点;家庭月收入对主观幸福感具有显著的正向影响,家庭月收入每增加1个单位,主观幸福感将提升0.026个百分点。支付意愿不仅受到家庭收入水平的影响,还受到居民所处城市空气质量的影响;在承受PM_2.5污染的最初阶段,居民为改善空气质量的支付意愿最高。居民为改善空气质量愿意支付的金额平均为226元,占家庭月总收入的2.274%。     

Electoral behaviour behind the gates: partisanship and political participation among Canadian gated community residents

Gated communities have been characterised as representing processes of 'forting up' and 'civic secession', in which their residents use gating as a strategy for withdrawing from political life and from taking collective responsibility for others. The assumption is that the residents of private gated communities should be less likely to participate in political life, and/or be more likely to support political parties on the right who advocate privatisation, reduced government expenditures and lower taxes. If the act of living in a gated community is associated with either greater support for parties and policies on the right of the political spectrum, or limited political participation, then the growth of such forms of privatised communities has potential implications for the future of urban politics and even for national political systems. However, despite surveys that have dealt with social attitudes 'behind the gates', insufficient attention has been paid to the politics of gated community residents. This paper fills this gap through a comparative analysis of electoral behaviour during the 2006 federal election at the level of the polling station. Electoral participation and partisanship in 27 gated communities in three Canadian metropolitan areas is compared against that of non-gated residents. Regression analysis is conducted in order to determine whether gated community residents differ from their non-gated counterparts in the way they vote and their levels of electoral turnout, after controlling for social composition. The potential implications of this research are then discussed.     

福建漳江口红树林国家级自然保护区建立对毗邻社区居民的影响研究

自然保护区的建立对改善区域生态环境、保护生物多样性和恢复生态系统功能具有重要作用.如何处理自然保护区生态保护与毗邻社区社会经济发展之间的关系,是当前自然保护区研究者、决策者和社区居民共同关注的问题.利用文献调研法、问卷调查法、访谈法和意愿调查法等,分析福建漳江口红树林国家级自然保护区的建立对毗邻社区居民的影响.研究结果表明,大部分社区居民对福建漳江口红树林国家级自然保护区的建立持赞同态度,这种态度受被调查者的教育程度、年龄和性别的影响;保护区的建立使大多数社区居民收入减少,而社区居民没有得到相应的补偿;社区居民面临着缺少资金、补偿制度缺失和缺乏生产技术等问题;提出了福建漳江口红树林国家级自然保护区毗邻社区社会经济可持续发展的建议.     

HOME GARDENS IN AMAZONIAN PERU: DIVERSITY AND EXCHANGE OF PLANTING MATERIAL*

ABSTRACT. This article examines how peasant farmers build and maintain agrobiodiversity in home gardens found in two traditional peasant communities along the Marañón River in the Peruvian Amazon. Data were gathered through household and garden surveys as well as in‐depth interviews with garden tenders in an upland mixed agricultural village and a lowland fishing village. Substantial variations in cultivated plant diversity were encountered in gardens between and within the villages, which are found to be related to differential exchange of seeds, cuttings, suckers, and other planting material as well as to specific garden and household characteristics. Planting material flows along multiple pathways—from gift giving and purchase to inheritance and scavenging—to the gardens, reflecting a complex and often extensive network of exchange that enables the establishment and maintenance of home garden plant diversity in seemingly isolated and small communities. Further research is needed to identify broader geographical and sociocultural patterns of agrobiodiversity in Amazonia.     

中关村高校周边居住区社会空间特征及其形成机制

目前国内城市社会空间研究偏重于宏观层次,对于微观层次社区社会空间特征的研究相对缺乏。基于质性研究(Qualitative Research)和深度访谈的调查方法,以北京大学周边若干居住区为例,探讨了中关村高校周边居住区社会空间的特征及其形成机制。研究发现:中关村高校周边居住区的社会空间经历了从"同质性"向"异质性"转变的发展阶段;社区居民的社会阶层分异显著;居民的整体流动性较强,且以水平流动为主,垂直流动相对较少;阶层内社会网络联系较强,阶层间社会网络联系较弱,存在明显的阶层分隔现象;空间结构呈现出在高校和社会双重力量作用下,各种类型居民分布既混合又有序的复杂型式。在市场经济体制下,中关村高校周边居住区外来人口与原住居民共同构建了一种具有高流动性、松散社会网络等特征的社会空间,它为理解社区流动性、社会网络特征和社会空间成熟度之间的关系带来启示。     

基于社区理论大城市郊区化过程中失地农民社区的城镇化问题分析——以长春市兴华园社区为例

基于长春市兴华园社区典型案例,利用社区理论揭示了大城市郊区化过程中失地农民社区的城镇化机制与影响。结果表明土地征用体制下以农村社区为载体实现了快速城镇化,实现了乡村社会和经济空间重构,乡村生产空间和生活空间的优化和重组,地域空间并入城市发展范畴,城镇化进程加快,主要表现为城市景观和设施的推进,农民市民化进程加快,包括就业非农化与生活方式市民化等,但存在社会保障和补偿机制不健全,失地农民生活满意度低,社会认同感缺失等问题。     

亚运会城市更新对社区居民影响的跟踪研究——基于广州市三个社区的实证调查

亚运会的成功举办对广州的经济、社会、文化产生了深远影响,同时也触发了广州新一轮的城市更新,涉及颇多社区与居民。现有研究仅关注亚运会前期的影响,缺乏对其后续影响的跟踪研究。本文对亚运会期间更新改造的三个案例进行跟踪研究,对比更新前后社区居民在物质、社会和心理层面上所受影响。研究表明:由于城市更新缺乏对社区居民的全面考虑,更新改造导致部分居民的社会经济地位降低,社会网络破坏,邻里关系拆散,社区满意度下降。这场快速、效果显著的城市更新,在物质层面上一定程度地改善了居民的居住环境和质量,但在社会层面和心理层面却对社区居民造成了较大负面影响。作为与政府和开发商不均衡博弈中的弱势方,社区居民成为亚运轰轰烈烈的城市更新改造中的社会成本承担者。城市更新应更多关注社会利益与公众参与,提倡多元化的城市更新目标。     

快速城镇化地区外来人口入户时空特征与影响因素分析 ——基于2010～2015年东莞积分入户全样本数据

以快速城镇化代表地区东莞为案例,采用已经实现入户的全样本人口数据,分析外来人口入户的时空变化特征及其影响因素。研究发现：外来人口的积分入户随时间变化具有明显的阶段特征,与外来人口总量的空间存在一定差异;外来人口入户随年龄增加呈现先增后减倒U型的曲线,入户的外来人口结构趋向于男性化、高学历化;积分入户政策调整对入户人数变化非常显著,且具有明显的选择性和导向性;迁入地的社会经济水平与公共服务容量对积分入户有较强的影响,服务业经济对外来人口的吸引力高于制造业经济;连续居住和拥有住房是外来人口户籍转变的关键性标志,子女入学是现阶段外来人口实现入户的核心特征。从推动优质教育资源均衡发展、优化与完善积分制政策作用、提升城镇经济水平和空间品质等方面提出相关政策启示。     

建成环境是否影响居民健康生活方式?——基于北京22个社区的实证分析

健康社区建设是后疫情时代的重要趋势,在促进居民健康状况方面,只有针对各类生活方式进行组合干预才能将个体患病风险降到最低并保证居民身心的全面健康.论文选取了北京22个典型社区,利用2019年北京城市体检问卷调查数据构建了社区居民健康生活方式的评价指标体系,并在此基础上结合社区生活圈内的建成环境空间数据,借助多层线性模型考...     

Measuring short-term population mobility among indigenous Australians: options and implications

"Despite the fact that indigenous Australians are known to be frequently mobile over the short term, statistical information regarding this population movement is grossly deficient.... This paper examines various means by which short-term population movement can be quantified to yield aggregate indicators of demographic impact. First, census data are used to establish the rate and pattern of inter-regional, short-term displacement. This reveals regional urban centres as net recipients of temporary residents while most rural areas experience temporary absenteeism. Secondly, results from household surveys are reported stressing the importance of including visitors to households in the estimation of service populations. Thirdly, administrative data on occupancy in urban hostels are used to derive indicators of the duration of movement."     

Coping with Rural Change: Finding a Place for the Elderly in Sustainable Communities

This paper reports on some individual constructions of ageing and how these relate to the mutual sustainability of lives and communities in the changing rurality of New Zealand in the 1990s. The Arena Society model is used to organise a discussion of the impact of technology on settlement systems, with reference to changes in the provision of banking services and their impact on the elderly. The views of older people living in the village of Tirau in the Waikato are used to ground the analysis in human experience. The concluding discussion focuses on the potential contribution of older rural residents to the ‘multiple agency’ that communities will need for survival in the ‘open society’.     

Strengthening the core,improving access: Bringing healthy food downtown via a farmers' market move

Diet-related diseases are a major public health concern, and food environment research explores how built environmental interventions can address nutritional inequalities. Yet other, more direct intervention approaches may also yield positive benefits for residents living in food deserts. This paper presents a case study of a farmers' market move and its effects on healthy food accessibility and customer characteristics in a community with many food deserts. 844 surveys collected in 2011 and 2015 determine customer purchasing patterns and demographics at the Flint (Michigan) Farmers' Market. The market move has meant improved healthy food accessibility for mobility-constrained and low-income residents throughout the region. Counter to past research suggesting that farmers' markets tend to serve higher income groups, socioeconomically disadvantaged people constitute a major consumer demographic at Flint's market. The results of this research have broad utility for communities seeking to ameliorate the challenges of bringing healthy food to isolated food deserts by demonstrating that positioning healthy food in a prominent, central location will attract residents from such neighborhoods while engaging a broad clientele.     

Style Wars: revolution in the suburbs?

Is there a revolution occurring in the Australian suburb? From a brief examination of demographic, economic, political and aesthetic changes, it appears that the suburbs of the new century are very different from those of the last. With the demise of key underpinnings of the older suburban form—the sexual division of labour, particular family forms, localised communities and bucolic private gardens—has gone an end to official support of the expansive suburb and a major shift in their politics, planning, economies and relationship to the CBD and other centres. With falling household sizes has gone a seemingly contradictory trend toward larger houses on smaller blocks of land. In the context of these many changes along with urban containment and consolidation, this paper argues that there is a convergence occurring between the design of inner, middle and outer suburban dwellings. The negativity long heaped upon the suburban bungalow by the custodians of taste is being revisited. The style wars are easing, as suburban homes increasingly resemble those appearing in densified cities across the nation.     

中国生产控制型产业减排的居民福利和区域影响

基于SAM均衡建模方法,建立面向居民福利研究的中国动态多区域社会公平CGE政策模拟模型,对比分析自然情景、生产控制型减排政策情景和最优增长情景下的区域和居民福利变化。研究发现减排政策存在明显的增长率区域分异,这将破坏在自然增长下存在的区域收敛力,导致中国区域之间的差距再度被拉大。面向减排的投资控制政策短期对于居民收入的不利影响较小,但长期影响不容忽视,需要进行居民收入保护。由于城镇退休居民和农村劳动居民已经具备针对性的养老保障政策和“三农政策”保护收入增长,其总体福利受减排政策的冲击较小,因此缺乏相应政策支持的城镇劳动居民应该是收入保护的优先考虑群体。模拟显示减排政策更有利于代际和城乡人均收入差距的缩小,但考虑到减排带来的绝对收入水平下降,不能过于乐观估计这种差距缩小效应。