Construction of collaborative mapping engine for dynamic disaster and emergency response

In the collaborative mapping of disasters, response situations and decisions, it is important to support various emergency responders with a unified platform to help in decision making and coordinating emergency action. However, most existing symbol libraries focus primarily on representing disasters and related information. These libraries lack specific symbols to map response situations and emergency decisions. For representation of dynamic disasters and response factors, these symbols support rich interactive editing after the symbols are mapped. In addition, decision making and mapping of disasters and response situations typically involve different domains of expertise and different responsibilities of map makers. It is essential to construct a collaborative mapping engine that supports disaster and emergency mapping on a collaborative platform. However, most existing methods of collaboration cannot readily support collaboration on symbols containing complex data structures or accommodate rich interactive editing operations. This article proposes a collaborative mapping engine for dynamic disasters and emergency responses. To support collaborative mapping based on complex data structures and rich interactive map symbols, it proposes a method of mapping operation replication to implement collaboration. Additionally, strategies were designed to enhance the efficiency and stability of collaboration. Finally, an experiment was conducted using the Wenchuan earthquake as an example. The results reveal that the engine can contribute to improved mapping efficiency and management during emergencies.     

DigitalOcean: building a platform for scientific collaboration and social and media sharing on the Drupal content management system

The DigitalOcean (DO) Project is designed to bring essential Web 2.0 capabilities to an open-source software platform built for scientific collaboration and publishing. The DO platform is being built using the Drupal content management system (CMS). The following are some of the core features of the proposed platform: social networking, media/data sharing/publishing, and collaboration spaces for scientific virtual organizations (VO); active support for VO governance and reputation systems for members and objects; Creative Commons licensing, support for preprint archives and micro-articles, and; professional user-profiles that can be saved as well formatted biosketches. The DO platform serves as a collaboration environment for active research teams, a personal repository for individual researchers, an aggregation/filter for science information, and a scientific publishing tool. This article will outline the history and goals of the DO Project, the core technology concerns and solutions, and the opportunities that this new platform will bring to scientists across the planet.     

Local buzz,global pipelines,or simply too much buzz? A critical study

The conceptual framework of local buzz and global pipelines has received much attention. It suggests that regional collaboration (local buzz) in particular will induce value creation if combined with international collaboration (global pipelines). Here, we analyze national data from Norway and find that both regional and international collaboration can foster product innovation. However, for medium-sized enterprises, we only found a substitution effect from combining regional and international collaboration. For small enterprises, there was even a subtractive effect. For large enterprises, we found an additive effect, and for very large enterprises, there was a multiplicative effect. It thus appears that large enterprises have an increased absorptive capacity in handling both regional and international collaboration. We conclude that the local buzz and global pipelines proposition is rejected for small and medium-sized enterprises, and gains partial to full support for large and very large enterprises.     

国际合作对中国地球科学家的重要性——来自美国地球物理协会刊物统计数据的启示

国际合作对于提升中国地球科学家的成就和影响力变得越来越重要.为了定量分析其作用,对2001~2010年期间中国地球科学家在美国地球物理协会（AGU）,出版物上所发表的论文数量及论文的引用率数据进行统计.统计结果显示,在AGU出版物上发表论文最多的前50位中国地球科学家中,96%的人与国外科学家进行过合作研究,并且国际合作研究论文的引用率也远远高于国内科学家独立研究成果,被引用率最高的前10名中国地球科学家的论文均有国际合作背景的研究.这表明,开展国际合作对中国地球科学家提升其学术成就和增加影响力是非常有益的.     

数据中心:GIS功能仓库的关键技术

许多组织和部门需要地理信息功能的协同与合作来完成一项工作.其关键问题在于解决地理信息系统(geographic information system,GIS)领域的构件复用和协同.采用支持黑盒复用的基于构件软件框架,探讨了支持多粒度、异构GIS构件的功能仓库的关键技术.提出原子粒度、功能组件、功能插件、功能流程等多粒度构件组织;定义了统一的功能协议对异构功能资源统一管理和发布,以统一的方式进行配置和系统搭建,使运行时服务能够通过功能协议动态的发现和调用功能资源,并实现功能资源的定位与参数传递.功能仓库能够集成各种类型异构、来源异构的功能资源,实现这些功能资源在数据中心的统一管理和调用,最终基于工作流引擎与可视化建模工具实现地理信息功能的协同工作.      

CAD标准是规范勘察设计企业协同设计活动的基本准则

基于我国目前勘察设计企业的设计管理的发展趋势与存在的问题,概述了协同设计的基本概念和特点,以及基于网络化的CAD协同设计面临的基础性问题,提出了CAD标准是规范勘察设计企业协同设计活动的基本准则的观点,同时介绍了本企业在CAD标准编制、实施以及不断修编和完善方面的基本情况。并根据积累的经验,介绍了设计企业在CAD规范编制过程中所应注意的内容分类方法与实施步骤。对一般设计企业在设计活动中的规范管理具有非常重要的参考意义。     

Heterogeneous data management and modeling for the gravimetric geoid model: a review study in Pakistan

Arabian Journal of Geosciences - The gravimetric geoid model can be used as vertical reference in surveying and other related technologies. It is being developed by NESCOM in collaboration with the...     

2000～2013年美英日地质调查机构科研态势分析——基于文献计量学方法研究

本文基于文献计量方法,以美国、英国和日本地质调查机构2000～2013年发表的论文为对象,从产出论文数量及年度变化、主要研究领域和热点变化、国际合作和机构合作等方面,对3家地质调查机构的科研发展态势进行判读,为国内地质调查机构的发展提供参考。     

Topical Collection: Climate-change research by early-career hydrogeologists

Scientific outreach, international networking, collaboration and adequate courses are needed in both developed and developing countries to enable early-career hydrogeologists to promote long-term multidisciplinary approaches to cope with climate-change issues and emphasize the importance of groundwater in a global strategy for adaptation. One such collaboration has involved the Early Career Hydrogeologists’ Network of the International Association of Hydrogeologists (ECHN-IAH) and the UNESCO International Hydrological Programme’s (IHP) Groundwater Resources Assessment under the Pressures of Humanity and Climate Changes (GRAPHIC) project. This collaboration seeks to foster the education and involvement of the future generation of water leaders in the debate over groundwater and climate change.     

Firm finances, weather derivatives and geography

This paper considers some intellectual, practical and political dimensions of collaboration between human and physical geographers exploring how firms are using relatively new financial products - weather derivatives - to displace any costs of weather-related uncertainty and risk. The paper defines weather derivatives and indicates how they differ from weather insurance products before considering the geo-political, cultural and economic context for their creation. The paper concludes by reflecting on the challenges of research collaboration across the human-physical geography divide and suggests that while such initiatives may be undermined by a range of institutional and intellectual factors, conversations between physical and human geographers remain and are likely to become increasingly pertinent. The creation of a market in weather derivatives raises a host of urgent political and regulatory questions and the confluence of natural and social knowledges, co-existing within and through the geography academy, provides a constructive and creative basis from which to engage with this new market and wider discourses of uneven economic development and climate change.     

Learning from environmental justice in Viet Village Versai in New Orleans

This paper explores the attempt to plan and to implement pollution remediation projects in Viet Village Versai, New Orleans. The process was marred by gaps in collaboration behaviours between the stakeholders, which ultimately impeded the progress of the remediation projects and as a result, failed to transform the Viet Village Versai into a sustainable community. In drawing the link between the behavioural gaps and implementation failures, I bring attention to the crucial role that collaboration plays in helping to build sustainable communities.     

基于 SOA 云服务的济宁市电子政务服务平台研究

基于政务网的政府各部门横向与纵向信息共享及业务协同的需求十分迫切,传统的单向共享模式的应用瓶颈日益突出,结合济宁市政务信息平台建设的实际环境及需求,设计了基于 SOA 云服务的政府部门间信息资源共享及在线业务协同平台的框架,实现了政府各部门之间数据有序交换和资源共享,建立了数据建设规范和业务协同机制,极大地提升了政务办公自动化水平。     

Networking,context and firm-level innovation: Cooperation through the regional filter in Norway

The paper assesses the role for innovation of one aspect which has been generally overlooked by evolutionary economic geography: context. It analyses how context shapes the impact of collaboration on firm-level innovation for 1604 firms located in the five largest city regions of Norway. Specifically, the analysis shows how the benefits to firms of collaborating within regional, national, and international innovation networks are affected by the knowledge endowments of the region within which the firm is located. Using a logit regression analysis, we find, first, that only national and international networking have a significant positive impact on the likelihood of innovation (the former only for process innovation), whereas the regional knowledge endowments have no direct effect. Second, regional cooperation is particularly effective in regions with high investments in R&D, whereas international cooperation is important in regions with an educated workforce – and regional and national collaboration may be ineffective in such cases. We conclude that, in the case of Norway, context is essential in determining the capacity of firms to set up networks and innovate. Regions with an educated workforce can use the resulting absorptive capacity to successfully assimilate knowledge being diffused through global pipelines from faraway places. However, this absorptive capacity is likely to be heavily filtered if regional firms mainly rely on internal connections within Norway.     

Programs and means developed by C.E.A. for clay characterization

This paper is devoted to the program and means implemented within the Atomic Energy Commission (C.E.A.), with the collaboration of the National Agency for Radioactive Wastes (A.N.D.R.A.), to assess the properties of argillous materials, coming from French deposits. These are good candidates as constituent elements of engineered barriers for the disposal of weakly and highly harmful wastes (such as radioactive wastes).     

The educational space of global online higher education

This article explores how standards and codes for collaboration in international higher education influence the educational space of global online education and the way it functions within the context of international development aid. Firstly the article discusses the educational space of higher education and the geography of education whereby the aim is to situate global online education within the on-going discourse on standards in higher education, international development aid, and the knowledge economy. The article then examines a qualitative case study of an Internet-based masters programme attended by students from Europe and Africa. A main focus of the empirical analysis is the students’ experience of being geographically immobile while collaborating online internationally, including how this circumstance affected their motivation and participation and the benefits of the programme. In the concluding discussion it is argued that even though online collaboration among students and educational institutions is not entirely equal, common standards created a space in which positions were challenged and practices were changed over the course of online participation.     

Link formation pattern during emergency response network dynamics

This study aims to understand the mechanisms of emergency response network evolution by quantitatively examining the link formation pattern among participants involved in a real emergency collaboration network. This is achieved by identifying the participants’ characteristics which can affect forming new links over time. The result indicates the existence of cumulative advantage process, where highly connected participants gain more new links over time. It also reveals the structural position of participants involved in a response network, i.e. brokering position, affects their number of future links. Understanding the link formation pattern is important for understanding the mechanisms of network evolution which help predict more precisely the behavior of actors and dynamics of network structure over time. This can assist researchers, decision makers and practitioners to manage and support the collaboration of actors in their systems in order to reach their organizational goals. The overall findings can contribute further to the development of network organizational theory in different contexts especially disaster and emergency response management.     

Toward cyberinfrastructure to facilitate collaboration and reproducibility for marine integrated ecosystem assessments

There is a growing need for cyberinfrastructure to support science-based decision making in management of natural resources. In particular, our motivation was to aid the development of cyberinfrastructure for Integrated Ecosystem Assessments (IEAs) for marine ecosystems. The IEA process involves analysis of natural and socio-economic information based on diverse and disparate sources of data, requiring collaboration among scientists of many disciplines and communication with other stakeholders. Here we describe our bottom-up approach to developing cyberinfrastructure through a collaborative process engaging a small group of domain and computer scientists and software engineers. We report on a use case evaluated for an Ecosystem Status Report, a multi-disciplinary report inclusive of Earth, life, and social sciences, for the Northeast U.S. Continental Shelf Large Marine Ecosystem. Ultimately, we focused on sharing workflows as a component of the cyberinfrastructure to facilitate collaboration and reproducibility. We developed and deployed a software environment to generate a portion of the Report, retaining traceability of derived datasets including indicators of climate forcing, physical pressures, and ecosystem states. Our solution for sharing workflows and delivering reproducible documents includes IPython (now Jupyter) Notebooks. We describe technical and social challenges that we encountered in the use case and the importance of training to aid the adoption of best practices and new technologies by domain scientists. We consider the larger challenges for developing end-to-end cyberinfrastructure that engages other participants and stakeholders in the IEA process.     

中国地质调查局2000—2014年科研态势分析——基于文献计量学方法研究

以中国地质调查局为研究对象,基于文献计量学研究方法,对中国地质调查局2010—2014年被SCI-E、SSCI、CPCI-S数据库收录的研究型论文的产出、研究领域、研究热点、机构合作等情况进行了统计分析,以期从一个侧面对中国地质调查局的科研发展态势进行判读。     

The Virtual Worlds Project: geological mapping and field skills

The Virtual Worlds Project is a UK collaboration between the School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, and the Leeds College of Art, to build a virtual environment in which to learn and practice basic geological mapping skills. Using the Unity game engine, a virtual landscape populated by rock outcrops with associated notebook entries has been created. This approach is not a replacement for field map work. Rather, it represents an in‐class tool with the appearance of a computer game with which to enhance basic mapping skills taught in the field in a virtual environment.     

青藏高原唐古拉山口冰川、水文和气候学观测20a:意义与贡献

1989年中日联合青藏高原冰川考察在唐古拉山口开始进行冰川、水文气候学观测,距今已经整整20 a.时过境迁,合作双方的研究所均已重组、更名,然而1989-1993年间考察研究所起到的开创性作用、当时取得成果至今仍具有重要科学意义.而且当时建立的一些观测站点,借助一些大型课题,如GAME/Tibet、国家自然科学基金重点项目和国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目的支持一直持续工作至今.最近,完善了位于冬克玛底冰川末端的冰川监测系统,将对该地区的冰冻圈和气候环境变化研究做出更多的贡献.