基于关键参数分析的全球邮轮船型特征研究

邮轮旅游业是世界海洋经济的重要组成部分。文章通过对目前全球在营的228艘海洋邮轮的关键船型参数进行统计分析,发现邮轮船型呈现船体规模的大型化、吃水深度的稳定化、设计建造的舒适化、邮轮船龄的年轻化等特征;将这些邮轮的关键参数进行拟合相关性分析,根据其间的正负相关性特征发现一些现象和关系;最后指出邮轮建造业是技术和资金密集型产业,具有垄断性和波动性,且近年来低碳环保的趋势越发明显,中国本土邮轮制造业亦开始起步。     

上海海洋邮轮旅游的发展策略研究

海洋邮轮旅游产业在现代旅游业的发展中有极大的潜力。近些年来,邮轮旅游产业被誉为"漂浮在黄金水道上的黄金产业"。随着中国经济的发展,我国邮轮旅游业迅速兴起,使多级邮轮市场开始向中国倾斜,成为带动中国经济发展的新动力。文章首先对比了邮轮旅游业国内外的研究现状和理论分析方法,并介绍了上海海洋邮轮旅游业目前的发展现状;其次用"SWOT"分析法的角度讨论了上海邮轮旅游业面临的机会和威胁;最后针对上海海洋邮轮旅游产业,分别从改善环境、扩大宣传、丰富航线和完善港口设施等方面提出了邮轮旅游业的长期发展方向。     

大连市邮轮旅游开发SWOT分析及策略探讨

邮轮旅游是休闲旅游和观光旅游的完美结合,是一种经济拉动效果强、辐射带动区域广的旅游形式,近年来在旅游业中得到较快发展。大连市作为中国沿海开放城市,具备发展邮轮旅游的条件。应用SWOT理论对大连市邮轮旅游开发的内、外部因素进行分析,结合大连市实际情况,提出推动大连市邮轮旅游健康发展的策略。     

中国沿海邮轮港口的空间聚集与竞争格局分析

随着我国邮轮产业的发展,各港口城市相继以建设邮轮母港来发展邮轮经济,但大多数邮轮港口经济收益甚微,形成邮轮港口供大于求的市场局面,并出现不良竞争和重复建设的问题,亟须合理规划和建设邮轮港口、科学配置相关资源以及促进邮轮旅游产业良性发展。文章利用赫芬达尔 赫希曼指数和偏离 份额分析法,对2008—2018年中国主要邮轮港口群（渤海湾邮轮圈、长三角邮轮圈和南部邮轮圈）进行空间聚集和竞争格局分析,并提出发展建议：加强整体规划,促进区域合作;稳定上海港的邮轮中心地位;细分港口资源和区域特色,对渤海湾邮轮圈差异化定位;充分发挥南部邮轮圈的发展优势。     

世界邮轮业发展趋势及其启示研究

历经30年的发展,世界邮轮业现已成为旅游业中增长最快的部门,并呈现诸多趋势特征。目前,亚太地区正在成为世界邮轮市场开发新的焦点,一些国际邮轮公司开始将中国作为市场开发的‘处女地’,国内主要沿海港城正紧锣密鼓地建设邮轮母港和停靠港,试图紧抓这一难得发展机遇。文章基于世界邮轮业发展趋势特征的分析,从产业定义、产业体系构建、产业布局和产业政策等综合角度探讨我国邮轮业发展的未来,为其科学发展提供理论参考。     

走向世界的中国邮轮

<正>"罗马不是一天建成的",上海国际客运中心项目的建设正应了这句话。从2006年第一艘以上海为母港的国际邮轮定期航班——"爱兰歌娜"号到港,到如今北外滩"惊为天人"的园区设计,上海港国际客运中心吸引了全球的瞩目。俗称"一滴水"的客运综合大楼外形时尚,充满了现代气息,彰显出上海这座开放型城市充沛的活力。在诸多客观因素影响下,曲折动荡的中国近现代史中很难找到邮轮旅游的踪迹。当"伊丽莎白二世"号穿梭在五洲四海之时,多数中国人还对邮轮旅游一无所知。比之欧美蓬勃的邮轮产业,     

西沙群岛邮轮旅游开发探讨

西沙群岛作为我国南海明珠一直保持着原始性和神秘性,尚未进行旅游开发。2012年6月三沙市成立,2013年又正值中国海洋旅游年,西沙群岛应抓住历史机遇发展旅游业。鉴于西沙群岛旅游资源的独特特征,旅游开发以邮轮旅游为最佳方式。在对西沙群岛邮轮旅游进行SWOT分析之后,设计开发出经典西沙至尊品味游、宣德环礁趣味体验游、东岛环礁科普探险游、文化北礁渔业民俗游、永乐环礁休闲观光游和西南岛礁生态赏析游6个旅游产品,并提出西沙旅游可持续发展的对策和建议。     

邮轮旅游的环境污染测算和控制情景分析——以上海港为例

邮轮旅游是"漂浮在黄金水道上的黄金产业"。邮轮旅游业在产生可观经济效益的同时,也带来了较大的环境污染问题。文章在总结和介绍邮轮主要污染类型及其影响的基础上,对我国作为目的地市场接待邮轮乘客产生的污染物量进行定量估算,并着重对上海港邮轮环境污染进行控制情景分析。由此对我国邮轮环境污染控制提出相应对策,主要包括制定政策法规、燃料和排放标准以及科技创新、经济激励和宣传教育等方面。     

基于全生命周期评价的邮轮环境污染控制机理及其应对策略

目前基于海洋资源的邮轮旅游业得到了快速的发展。邮轮旅游给大量的游客提供了利用海洋资源的机会,但邮轮活动以及与之相关的基础设施的建设给海洋和旅游目的地造成了环境影响。邮轮产业可持续发展依赖于口岸城市采取严格的环境管理制度以及邮轮经营者对邮轮环境污染控制所采取的措施。探讨的运用生命周期评价方法对邮轮的环境污染加以分析和控制不失为一项有效的环境管理措施。     

“维京”号——海盗航线上的豪华邮轮

<正>漂浮在海上的五星级酒店,曾经是人们梦幻中的追求。现在,这种充满浪漫情调的梦想已成为现实。乘大型超级豪华邮轮在海上旅行,已是世界许多国家游客外出旅游最时尚的选择,人们可以在海上尽情享受到世界上任何一座豪华饭店里所能享受到的一切。维京邮轮公司是芬兰的主要邮轮公司之一,于1963年正式成立。自1959年邮轮定期开通以来,维京邮轮公司就不断增添邮轮,到目前为止,大型邮轮已超过50艘。几十年风风雨雨的磨练,由早期的二手摆渡轮船发展到今天叹为观止的商舰。邮轮约载客2000余人,载车200~300     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans

A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.     

Estimation of Sediment Properties during Benthic Impact Experiments

Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges.     

A Tidal Flow Model for the Gulf of Kachchh, India

A vertically integrated model has been used to study the tidal circulation and currents in the Gulf of Kachchh along the west coast of India. The model is fully nonlinear and uses a semiexplicit finite difference scheme to solve the basic hydrodynamic equations on a staggered grid. The model is forced by prescribing the tides along the open boundary of the model domain. The flow is simulated both with and without the presence of the proposed tidal barrage across the Hansthal Creek in the Gulf of Kachchh. The results show a considerable change in the behavior of the tidal flow in the presence of the barrage.     

利用中国GF-3卫星SAR和HY-2A卫星微波散射计的首次台风联合定量观测

<正>The typhoon,as a mature tropical cyclone that develops in the western part of the North Pacific Ocean with high wind speed and heavy rainfall,is one of the most lethal and costly of natural disasters for the densely populated countries of East Asia.It can be easily detected by space-borne sensors operated at microwave,visible or infrared bands(Liu et al.,2014).Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)is     

离子交换—原子吸收光谱法测定海水中痕量铜、铅、锌、镉、铁、锰

本文介绍了用国产D401型螯合树脂分离富集海水中铜、铅、锌、镉、铁、锰等痕量元素,并用原子吸收光谱仪测定其含量的方法。讨论了各元素的分离条件选择及干扰元素的影响,并与溶剂萃取法的结果作了比较。各元素检测的定量下限为:铜0.5μg/L、铅0.1μg/L、锌1.0μg/L、镉0.01μg/L、铁2.0μg/L、锰2.0μg/L。方法精密度在4—8％之间,回收率为90—102％。     

Biogeochemistry of Mangrove Soil Organic Matter: a Comparison BetweenRhizophoraandAvicenniaSoils in South-eastern Brazil

Soil core samples fromRhizophora mangleL. andAvicennia schauerianaStapf & Leech forests from south-eastern Brazil were analysed for their total organic matter content and their sugars, amino acid and amino sugars composition. Organic carbon and nitrogen contents were higher inAvicenniathan inRhizophorasoils. The contribution of sugars and amino acids to the total organic carbon pool was constant with depth inRhizophorasoils whereas inAvicenniasoils it increased. Spectral distribution of sugars and amino acids showed a dominance of Ca-affine monomers, particularly acidic amino acids, and the sugar arabinose. Biogeochemical indicators derived from ratios of individual sugar and amino acid monomers confirm previous studies which showed that organic matter in both soils is mainly of mangrove origin. The results further suggest accumulation of organic matter inRhizophorasoils and a continuing degradation of organic matter inAvicenniasoils. The latter may thus release more nutrients to adjacent ecosystems thanRhizophorasoils.     

A review of orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus fisheries,estimation methods,biology and stock structure

Orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus are unusual fish. They form dense aggregations that have fuelled lucrative fisheries at great depths (600–1 400 m), especially off Namibia, New Zealand and Australia. They are thought to be very long-lived (>100 years, maturity at 22 – 40 years), and to have exceptionally low natural mortality (M = 0.045–0.064 year^?1) and slow growth rates (K = 0.055–0.070 year^?1). In addition, they spawn large eggs and have low fecundity. These factors combine to make orange roughy highly susceptible to overfishing; most stocks are below 30% of pristine levels. Assessments are obtained from indices of catch rate and trawl, acoustic and egg surveys. Acoustic estimates are the most direct, but are confounded by the species' low target strength (?50 to ?53 dB)–attributable to the wax-filled swim bladder. Extracellular wax esters are stored in abundance and comprise mostly mono-unsaturated fatty acids, with low concentrations of the ω-3 fatty acid family. This unusual composition (resultant from the species' diet) ensures neutral buoyancy. Stock separation has been inferred mainly from biological studies, but genetic studies have also found differences among stocks within New Zealand and Australia. Deep-water habitat may be damaged by trawling operations and may take many years to recover, so in some quarters there is a call for a portion of suitable habitat to be set aside for preservation. Although Namibian orange roughy are shallower, smaller and younger than those in other stocks, the Namibian fishery sustained high catches for only a few years before quotas were reduced, from 12 000 to 1 875 tons. Three management lessons are suggested for developing orange roughy fisheries based on the Namibian experience: (1) imposition of catch limits during exploratory fishing; (2) starting the acoustic surveys earlier in the fishery, if possible; (3) greater reliance on trends in catch rate until a survey series has been established.