空间太阳望远镜高速数据传输系统

“空间太阳望远镜”是中国的一项非常重要的天文卫星计划。卫星上将搭载 5个有效载荷 ,在可见光、远紫外、硬X射线、软X射线、Hα和射电波段同时观测太阳 ,其中的主光学望远镜口径达 1m。各有效载荷的CCD器件和其它敏感器件每天采集的科学数据量经过预处理后达 50Gbytes,再由数据压缩系统压缩至 8Gbytes,并储存在海量存储器中。如此庞大的数据量要求空间太阳望远镜的科学数据传输系统以高达 60Mbps的码速率向地面站传送。本文所有的工作均围绕着空间太阳望远镜高速数据传输系统展开 :1 .根据空间太阳望远镜的需求 ,综合研究、分析了它的科学数据传输系统的性能指标和特点 ,并作总体的方案设计 ;2 .设计开发了科学数据传输系统的信道编码和信道解码单元。信道编码单元将把海量存储器中的数据转换为适于QPSK射频调制格式化的串行数据流 ,信道解码单元实现相反的过程 ,文中详细给出了信道编码系统的原理、方法和实验结果。设计中引入了新的设计思想和方法 ,通信协议与现有地面站兼容 ;3 .完成了信道编码、解码环路的地面试验 ,结果表明信道编码、解码系统的技术指标完全符合空间太阳望远镜的要求。在理想无噪声条件下 ,闭环试验数据传输结果无误码 ,数据传输率达 60Mbps,是目前国内科学数据传输系统码速率     

云台红外太阳望远镜中光电导行系统的像场旋转

红外太阳望远镜中的光电导行系统是高精度的反馈跟踪系统。在开环控制下，难以实现太阳望远镜的跟踪指标，所以必须使用光电导行作为目标位置反馈系统。但是在地平式系统跟踪过程中，光电导行望远镜中的像场会旋转，如果不进行消旋，光电导行系统就不能工作，这就需要解决光电导行系统中的像场旋转。本文在理论上分析了红外望远镜中光电导行系统的像场旋转，并给出了像在CCD面上的运动变化公式。     

太阳软X射线及观测技术

作为未来中国空间太阳望远镜的一个组成部分，太阳软Ｘ射线望远镜正在酝酿之中。本是对这方面的一个初步调研报告，共分三个部分：软Ｘ射线高分辨观测的课题意义和简史；软Ｘ射线谱及其研究的一般性背景；软Ｘ射线望远镜及成像技术。在此基础上，下篇章将论及未来中国空间太阳软Ｘ射线望远镜的几点考虑。     

空间太阳望远镜中相关跟踪器计算单元设计

空间太阳望远镜的主光学望远镜具有1m口径,在设计上空间分辨率达到0.1″的衍射极限. 利用相关跟踪器可以稳定图像输出,使望远镜在长时间曝光下仍能保持高分辨率.国内外开展相关跟踪技术的研究很多,但由于软硬件条件的局限,无法获得高速的相关处理器,使得闭环系统的误差带宽局限于30Hz左右,本文介绍一种基于FPGA的快速相关处理器,使得闭环系统延迟在0.3ms以内, 可以实现理论上的100Hz的闭环带宽,满足了空间太阳望远镜的系统需求.     

空间太阳望远镜科学卫星

“空间太阳望远镜”是一颗载有口径为1米的主光学望远镜、极紫外望远镜、Ha与白光望远镜和宽带光谱仪及射电频谱仪的科学卫星。它将在距地面730千米轨道的太阳同步轨道上运行,在摆脱了地球大气层影响后,对太阳进行广泛光谱范围和全连续的高空间分辨率高时间分辨率和高频率分辨率的科学探测,为太阳物理研究和空间天气预报提供重要实测数据。     

云南天文台太阳光谱望远镜加Stokes光电偏振分析器的考虑

云南天文台太阳光谱望远镜是无偏振对称光路系统,经过重新装调望远镜空间分辨率在１”以内,光谱上的空间分辨率在１”～２”,跟踪精度在５ 分钟内１”,以上光学参数达到可以加装Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ 偏振分析器,用于参加２３ 周太阳峰年矢量磁场的光谱轮廓研究     

云台红外太阳望远镜中光电导行系统的像场旋转

红外太阳望远镜中的光电导行系统是高精度的反馈跟踪系统。在开环控制下,难以实现太阳望远镜的跟踪指标,所以必须使用光电导行作为目标位置反馈系统。但是在地平式系统跟踪过程中,光电导行望远镜中的像场会旋转,如果不进行消旋,光电导行系统就不能工作,这就需要解决光电导行系统中的像场旋转。本文在理论上分析了红外望远镜中光电导行系统的像场旋转,并给出了像在CCD面上的运动变化公式。     

太阳硬X射线成像望远镜模拟研究

调制准直器型太阳硬X射线成像望远镜是目前较为通用的太阳观测设备.空间调制望远镜是基于中心轴不旋转的望远镜,适用于3轴稳定的卫星.针对我国可能的太阳观测计划,给出并比较了两组空间调制望远镜的配置方案,然后利用GEANT4高能物理通用软件模拟实际光子的计数情况,使用MATLAB实现图像重建.比较模拟光子计数得到的重建图与几...     

太阳望远镜的历史与今天（下）

为什么太阳望远镜的口径较小？ 太阳望远镜的成像系统是通过透镜或凹面反射镜把太阳像成在焦点上,在焦平面后面通常接有分光设备及探测器。因为不再有目视观测,专业的太阳望远镜已经不再配有目镜。太阳望远镜的性能也不再用倍数,而是用分辨本领来描述。一般来讲,望远镜的口径越大,分辨本领越大,我们看到的太阳就更加清楚。     

1m红外太阳望远镜光电导行系统的反馈控制分析

我国正在研制中的1m红外太阳望远镜是目前国内唯一的地平式真空太阳塔,主要用于活动区磁场的精细光谱分析和太阳活动区磁场的时空精细结构研究.要求望远镜必须长时间高精度跟踪太阳(0.3"/30s、1"/10min)才能实现它的科学目标.光电导行是实现望远镜高精度跟踪观测目标的关键控制技术,通过检测观测目标像在图像传感器上的移动量作为反馈控制信号对望远镜实行闭环控制.首先建立了光电导行系统的控制系统模型,然后分析了系统的稳定性能、暂态性能、时域特性、频域特性及跟踪性能,并采用PID控制器对系统进行优化设计,以提高光电导行反馈控制系统的稳定性和跟踪精度.通过计算机仿真设计,采用PID控制算法能实现1m红外太阳望远镜的跟踪要求.     

1m红外太阳望远镜光电导行系统中像场旋转的分析

云南天文台1m红外太阳望远镜(YNST)光电导行系统是基于检测太阳像在面阵CMOS图像传感器上的偏移量作为反馈控制信号的高精度闭环跟踪系统[1]。由于YNST是一个地平式装置,在太阳像偏移检测量中存在着像场旋转量,为了获取稳定清晰的太阳像,必须对检测量进行消旋[2]才能达到光电导行系统的跟踪要求。根据球面天文学及天体测量学的知识并结合导行镜的光学系统,推导了光电导行系统中像场旋转的变化规律并对其进行模拟分析。     

Characteristics of the multi-telescope coincidence trigger of the HEGRA IACT system

The HEGRA-collaboration is operating a system of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes to search for sources of TeV-γ-rays. Air showers are observed in stereoscopic mode with several telescopes simultaneously. To trigger the telescope system a versatile two-level trigger scheme has been implemented, which allows a significant reduction of the energy threshold with respect to single telescopes. The technical implementation of this trigger scheme and the performance of the trigger system are described. Results include the dependence of single- and multi-telescope trigger rates on the trigger thresholds, on the orientation of the telescopes, and on the type of the primary particle.     

1．3厘米接收机背架调整系统设计

基于新疆天文台研制的1．3em双极化制冷接收机的安装及观测需求,设计了其背架调整系统。首先,通过力学分析选择合适的滚珠丝杠及驱动电机;其次,通过对电机进行测试,研制电机驱动模块,以满足安装要求;最后,编写电机驱动控制软件,实现终端对接收机馈源的精确控制。     

中丹水平子午环DCMT光栏的自动控制

本文指出了子午环光栏自动控制系统研制的必要性，并简要介绍了控制原理．结果表明，该控制部分设计合理大大简便了操作．     

A Preliminary Research on the Development of the Hard X-ray Imaging Telescope

The hard X-ray imaging telescope based on the Fourier transform imaging technique is introduced. The double-layer parallel gratings are used to make the modulation and coding on the light emerging from a celestial X-ray source, the modulated light is acquired, to make the optoelectronic conversion by scintillation crystal detectors, and ?nally read out by the electronic system. The modulation collimator X-ray telescopes can be divided into two types: the spatial modulation and temporal modulation. The temporal modulation system requires the scanning motion of the detector system, but the spatial modulation system requires no motion. The technology of grating fabrication is investigated, and the basic structure design of the collimators is given. The principal compo- nents of the prototype hard X-ray imaging telescope of spatial modulation type are successfully developed, including the 8 CsI crystal detector modules (contain- ing photomultipliers or PMTs), 8-channel shaping ampli?ers (two of them are prepared for experiments), and the data acquisition system. And the preliminary test results of the electronic system are also given.     

Review of the population of impactors and the impact cratering rate in the inner solar system

Abstract— All terrestrial planets, the Moon, and small bodies of the inner solar system are subjected to impacts on their surface. The best witness of these events is the lunar surface, which kept the memory of the impacts that it underwent during the last 3.8 Gyr. In this paper, we review the recent studies at the origin of a reliable model of the impactor population in the inner solar system, namely the near‐Earth object (NEO) population. Then we briefly expose the scaling laws used to relate a crater diameter to body size. The model of the NEO population and its impact frequency on terrestrial planets is consistent with the crater distribution on the lunar surface when appropriate scaling laws are used. Concerning the early phases of our solar system's history, a scenario has recently been proposed that explains the origin of the Late Heavy Bombardment (LHB) and some other properties of our solar system. In this scenario, the four giant planets had initially circular orbits, were much closer to each other, and were surrounded by a massive disk of planetesimals. Dynamical interactions with this disk destabilized the planetary system after 500–600 Myr. Consequently, a large portion of the planetesimal disk, as well as 95% of the Main Belt asteroids, were sent into the inner solar system, causing the LHB while the planets reached their current orbits. Our knowledge of solar system evolution has thus improved in the last decade despite our still‐poor understanding of the complex cratering process.     

Stability of the planar full 2-body problem

The stability of the Full Two-Body Problem is studied in the case where both bodies are non-spherical, but are restricted to planar motion. The mutual potential is expanded up to second order in the mass moments, yielding a highly symmetric yet non-trivial dynamical system. For this system we identify all relative equilibria and determine their stability properties, with an emphasis on finding the energetically stable relative equilibria and conditions for Hill stability of the system. The energetically stable relative equilibria always correspond to the classical “gravity gradient” configuration with the long ends of the two bodies pointed at each other, however there always exists a second equilibrium in this configuration at a closer separation that is unstable. For our model system we precisely map out the relations between these different configurations at a given value of angular momentum. This analysis identifies the fundamental physical constraints and limitations that exist on such systems, and has immediate applications to the stability of asteroid systems that are fissioned due to a rapid spin rate. Specifically, we find that all contact binary asteroids which are spun to fission will initially lie in an unstable dynamical state and can always re-impact. If the total system energy is positive, the fissioned system can disrupt directly from this relative equilibrium, while if it is negative the system is bound together.     

On the Dynamics of a Deformable Satellite in the Gravitational Field of a Spherical Rigid Body

In this paper, a model is developed for the dynamics of a system of two bodies whose material points are under the influence of a central gravitational force. One of the bodies is assumed to be rigid and spherically symmetric, while the other is assumed to be deformable. To develop a tractable model for the system, the deformable body is modeled using Cohen and Muncaster's theory of a pseudo-rigid body. The resulting model of the system has several of the features, such as angular momentum conservation, exhibited by more restrictive models. We also show how the self-gravitation of the deformable body can be accommodated using appropriate constitutive equations for a force tensor. This enables our model to subsume many existing models of ellipsoidal figures of equilibrium. After the model and its conservations have been discussed, attention is restricted to steady motions of the system. Several results, which generalize recent works on rigid satellites, are established for these motions. For a specific choice of constitutive equations for the pseudo-rigid body, we determine the steady motions with the aid of a numerical continuation method. These results can also be considered as generalizations of earlier works on Roche's ellipsoids of equilibrium.     

Possible relations between the rotational axis of the Earth's inner core and the magnetic dipole axis

The geomagnetic field is maintained by amagnetohydrodynamic dynamo process within the liquid outer core. The distribution of the associated electric currents is modified if the outer core is bounded by electrically conducting material. Then, eddy currents and the related magnetic fields are generated within these regions. In particular, the relative rigid rotation of the inner core produces a secondary magnetic field, which is superimposed on the dynamo field. The angle between the dipole axis of the total field and the rotational axis of the inner core is an important quantity needed for the theory of polar motion of the Earth. This angle is investigated for a broad spectrum of angular velocities of the inner core. To simplify the mathematical procedure, we model the dynamo field using an axisymmetric field generated by a system of electric currents within the outer core. The conductivity of the mantle is neglected. We find that the position of the dipole axis depends on the angular velocity of the inner core as well as on the distribution of the current system within the outer core. Coincidence of both axes can be reached if the angular velocity is high enough and if the current system is concentrated within a thin sheet near the outer core-inner core boundary.     

方位指向检测系统的参数测定

针对低纬子午环的观测方式和方位定向系统的精度，叙述了配备方位指向检测系统的必要性，介绍了方位指向检测的原理和系统参数的测定方法，分析了在仪器的三个支承螺杆有晃动的情况下，系统参数测定的不可靠性，提出了克服参数测定不可靠性影响的方法。