珠三角地震预警台站建设监理工作特点

简述珠江三角洲地震预警台网建设项目的建设内容,详细介绍台站建设监理的有关监理规划和监理实施的工作流程。归纳总结台站质量控制的几十项质量控制要点,以及项目监理工作的6个主要特点。为今后的台站建设和"十三五"国家烈度速报与预警工程项目的监理工作提供借鉴和参考。     

对开展山西地震台站档案整理工作的思考

文章通过对山西省地震局下属8个地震台站开展的档案收集与整理工作进行回顾,总结出地震台站进行档案整理的具体做法与经验,并对今后台站档案管理工作提出了具体建议。     

地震监测台站档案管理系统开发与应用 ——以太原基准地震台为例

基于地震监测台站档案工作的需求,针对台站档案管理中存在的问题,运用编程新技术,开发出一款功能较完善、使用便捷、配置简单、成本较低,实现部分档案电子化的管理系统.并对系统的设计、实现、运行等方面进行分析.     

国家地震烈度速报与预警工程福建子项目一般站建设进展

国家地震烈度速报与预警工程项目是国务院批复立项的重大工程,是我国地震预警体系建设的重要组成部分。工程于2018年正式实施,预计2023年全面完成,将在全国范围内建设超过1万个观测站点。本文介绍了国家地震烈度速报与预警工程福建子项目一般站建设项目从台站建设到安装验收、整改、考核运行、台站建设质量巡检等过程,分析了影响台站运行率的原因,并对一般站台基背景噪声水平进行分析,提出了存在的问题及今后需加强的方向。     

基于生命周期的地震台站档案管理

根据生命周期理论,将地震台站的生命周期划分为5个阶段,即：规划期、建设期、运维期、改造期、终了期,对各阶段的科技文件资料进行收集,进行二次分类,建册立卷,丰富了地震科技档案内容。并以网络化利用为目的,提出开展地震台站档案管理的建议,如针对单个台站建立数字化档案、建设期档案收集与台站建设同步进行、安排专人负责台站档案收集与整理、定期进行运维期的档案收集与更新等。     

小台站的大数据和云计算设想

地球科学是一门观测科学,相关科学研究及公益服务,如气象、地震等,都依赖于野外台站的观测。目前,由于多种因素的作用,导致台站观测和后续分析应用严重脱节。本文基于大数据和云计算的思想,将台站工作和目前后续研究中心的工作进行有机结合,提出了一套新的工作思路,即将数据计算分析和区域监测预报的工作由台站来完成,然后由一个综合的数据中心负责存储和管理台站提供的"大数据"信息,并根据台站需要和反馈情况研发相关软件,为台站的分析计算提供云计算的平台。     

广西"十五"数字测震台网信道建设与系统集成

通过实施广西"十五"数字测震台网建设项目,在保证地震速报能力的前提下,根据广西区域数字测震台的布局,合理选择台站不同数据传输模式和台网集成方案,以取得系统的优良性价比.     

建议创办一种面向台站的地震科技期刊

台站观测是实现防震减灾三大工作体系任务的基础。本文结合台站和地震系统期刊的基本情况,概述了创办《地学台站观测》这种面向台站的科技期刊的社会需求和科学需求,从中国地震局发展战略的层次上初步探讨了创办这种期刊的意义。     

天津市地震前兆台站量化考核管理

介绍了天津市地震前兆台站量化考核管理办法,给出了台站年度考核结果,分析了量化考核的成果、不足以及改进措施。通过制定量化考核管理办法,加强了台站目标责任制管理,提高了工作效率,激发了台站争先创优的积极性,使考核工作更加科学化、规范化和制度化。     

基于WebGIS的前兆台站仪器状态监视系统

利用Java Web开发技术,开发了一套B/S结构的前兆台站运行状态监视系统,实现了对地磁台站、流体台站数据流和工作状态参数的实时监视,支持仪器类型包括FHD-2B型质子磁力仪、SWY-1型数字式水位仪、WYY-1型气象三要素观测仪以及ZKGD3000型地下水数据监测系统。利用开源的WebGIS服务器GeoServer和前端开发技术OpenLayers,实现了前兆台站属性与空间数据的可视化。系统在石家庄前兆分中心的应用提高了台站维护工作的效率。     

On the synchronism in the events within the core and on the surface of the earth: the changes in the organic world and in the polarity of the geomagnetic field in the phanerozoic

The data on geomagnetic reversals are compared with the changes in the organic world and with the lower-mantle plumes. The times of the formation of plumes and the times of their appearance on the Earth’s surface relate to the intervals characterized by the different frequencies of geomagnetic reversals, i.e., there is no interrelation between the formation of plumes and the frequency of the changes in the geomagnetic field polarity. At the same time, a certain synchronism is observed between the frequency of the geomagnetic reversals and the boundaries of the biostratigraphic ages, i.e., the changes in the organic world in the long-period range. A hypothesis is proposed, which explains the change in the sign of the geomagnetic field by the combined effect of the irregular rotation of the internal core relative to the mantle and the changes in the slope angle of the axis of the Earth’s rotation, which, in turn, results in synchronous events on the Earth’s surface: the rates of changes in the organic world.     

On the gravimetric undulations of the geoid and the deflections of the vertical

Summary The author mentions the aims of the World-wide gravity project he established in the Ohio State University in Columbus, in 1950. He outlines the practical procedure of the gravimetric computations of the undulationsN and the vertical deflection components and and emphasizes that only by the global international cooperation and additional gravity observations at sea carried out during the last decade it has been possible to gather to Columbus the needed gravity material. Since there exist still large gravimetrically unsurveyed areas it is of vital significance to study what gravity anomalies are best to be used for these regions. The given figures concerning the accuracy of theN, and , estimated theoretically and obtained in practice, indicate that in the gravimetrically well surveyed parts of the world like in Europe and the United States we can get gravimetrically on basis of existing gravity material theN-values with accuracy of about 5–10 meters, and and with the accuracy of about 1. The geoid undulationsN are already computed in Columbus for more than 6000 points of the northern hemisphere. The sample maps show the interesting geoid of Europe and vicinity between the latitudes 60° and 30° and longitude 5° W and 30° E, drafted on basis of more than 1000N-values computed at the corners of 1°×1° squares. It is interesting to realize that the geoid undulations in all this area are positive, the extreme values being between 40 and 50 meters. The geophysical significance of the geoid maps of this kind is pointed out.     

On the maintenance of the axisymmetric part of the flow in the atmosphere

Summary The maintenance of the axisymmetric component of the flow in the atmosphere is investigated by means of a steady-state, quasi-geostrophic formulation of the meteorological equations. It is shown that the meridional variations in the time-averaged axisymmetric variables can be expressed as the sum of three contributions, one being due to the eddy heat transport, another to the eddy momentum transport, and a third to the convective-radiative equilibrium temperature which enters the problem through the specification of a Newtonian form of diabatic heating. The contributions by the large scale eddies are evaluated through the use of observed values for the eddy heat and momentum transports.The contributions from each of the three forcing mechanisms to the temperature and zonal wind fields are invstigated individually and found to be of about equal importance. The sum of the three contributions are also presented for the temperature, the zonal wind, the stream function associated with the mean meridional circulation and the corresponding vertical motion. Although the results fail to reproduce the main observed features of the lower stratosphere, they are found to be in good agreement with observations in the middle latitude troposphere. At any pressure level, for example, the computed mean zonal wind has a jet-like profile and the axis of the jet is found to slope to the south with height, as observed in the atmosphere.Based in part on a thesis submitted by the first author as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree at the University of Michigan. — Publication No. 194 from the Department of Meteorology and Oceanography, The University of Michigan.     

太平洋中部地磁台11年周期变化的研究

综合APIA、HONOLULU、PAMATAI 3个地磁台三分量的11年周期变化的形态后,可定性地提出该变化源于内场。如内源为核幔边界的电涡流,则其中心点应位于3台之间。     

Comparison Between the Nutations of the Planet Mars and the Nutations of the Earth

The nutations of the planets Mars andEarth are investigated and compared. Alarge number of interior structureparameters are involved in the nutationcomputations. The comparison between the observations and the computationsprovides several constraints on these parmeters andtherefore allows a better understanding of the physics of the interior of theplanet. For the Earth, the high precision of the observations of the nutationshas led to a very good determination of interior properties of the planet. ForMars, observations of nutations are not yet available, and we review how theamplitude of the Martian nutations depends on the hypotheses consideredfor its interior. Although Mars is very similar to the Earth, its interior is not well known;for example, we don't knowif its core is liquid or solid. Only if the core is liquid,the Free Core Nutation (FCN) normal mode exists and can alter the nutationswhich are close to the resonance. From the observed geoids, it is known thatboth planets are not in hydrostatic equilibrium. The departure is larger forMars than for the Earth, and consequently, the implication of considering a convective mantle instead of a mantle in hydrostatic equilibrium described byClairaut's equation for the initial equilibrium state of the planet is largeron the Martian nutations than on the Earth nutations. The consequences of theuncertainty in the core dimensions are also examined and shown to be of a veryhigh influence for Mars if the core is liquid, due to the potential changes inthe FCN resonance. The influence of the presence of an inner core, which isknown to exist for the Earth, could be more important for Mars than for theEarth if the inner core is large. Due to the presence of Tharsis on Mars, thetriaxiality of this planet has, additionally, larger effects than on Earth.     

Magnetic stratigraphy of the Ordovician in the lower reach of the Kotuy River: the age of the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum and the rate of geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the superchron

Until recently, the existing data prevented the geophysicists from accurately dating the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, which outcrops in the middle reach of the Kotuy River, constraining the time of its formation to a wide interval from the end of the Late Cambrian to the beginning of the Silurian. The obtained paleomagnetic data unambiguously correlate the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum to the Nyaian regional stage and constrain its formation, at least a considerable part of it, by the Tremadocian. This result perfectly agrees with the data on the Bysy-Yuryakh conodonts studied in this work and yields a spectacular example of the successful application of paleomagnetic studies in solving important tasks of stratigraphy and, correspondingly, petroleum geology. Within the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, we revealed a large normal-polarity interval corresponding to the long (>1 Ma) period when the geomagnetic reversals were absent. This result, in combination with the data for the Tremadocian and Middle–Upper Cambrian sequences of the other regions, indicates that (1) the rate of occurrence of the geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the Ordovician Moyero superchron of reversed polarity was at most one reversal per Ma; (2) the superchron does not switch on instantaneously but is preceded by a certain gradual change in the operation conditions of the dynamo mechanism which, inter alia, manifests itself by the reduction of the frequency of geomagnetic reversals with the approach of the superchron. This finding supports the views according to which a process preparing the establishment of the superchrons takes place at the core–mantle boundary.     

On the variation in the geomagnetic dipole over the geological history of the Earth

The global database on the paleointensity, containing determinations of the virtual dipole moment (VDM) for a stable (normal) regime of the geomagnetic field in a time interval of up to 3.5 Ga, is supplemented by new VDM determinations and analyzed. The field generation process started no later than 3–3.5 Ga (earlier data are absent) at the stage of the Earth’s core formation. Since that time, the dipole value has differed from its present value by no more than an order of magnitude, and the deviations that have already been detected tend toward smaller values. The distribution of VDM values in the time interval 0–400 Ma is bimodal, which apparently reflects the presence of two different generation levels of the geomagnetic field distinguished by a relatively large value (close to the present field value) and a relatively small value (approximately half as large as the present value). The total duration of decreased VDM values appreciably exceeds that of increased VDM values (179.1 and 28.6 Myr, respectively). On the whole, data on the paleointensity do not contradict the hypothesis about the dipole nature of the field over the last 400 Myr; however, the number of determinations at high paleolatitudes is too small to draw decisive conclusions on the validity (or invalidity) of the dipole field approximation based solely on paleointensity data.     

Structure of the poleward wall of the trough and the inclination of the geomagnetic field above the EISCAT radar

A special high-resolution routine of the EISCAT radar has been used to investigate the structure and development of the poleward wall of a deep trough in electron density. The feature was tracked by the radar during a 7-hour period under very quiet geomagnetic conditions. The field-aligned nature of the structure enabled an estimate to be made of the inclination of the geomagnetic field above EISCAT that was in good agreement with the current model. Observations of narrow field-aligned enhancements in electron temperature demonstrated that the wall of this trough is a dynamic feature, reforming regularly as the electron density responds on a time scale of tens of minutes to energy input from soft-particle precipitation.