THE METABOLISM OF 60Co AND 137Cs BY ARCA GRANOSA LINNUS

The pathway by which "Co and 137C3 got into Area, and the type of uptake in animal were studied. The results showed that 60Co was taken up by gill and was transferred quickly to other organs through blood. There are more uptake pathways for 137Cs. The uptake of 60Co by Arca was mainly active transfer and the energy comes mainly from the process of biotic oxidation. On the contrary, the uptake of 137C3 by Arca was mainly a passive transfer, and for most organs the exchange through body-wall was a significant factor.     

137Cs, 60Co and 125I bioaccumulation by seaweeds from the Angra dos Reis nuclear power plant region

As part of a broad research program on the behavior of critical radionuclides to be discharged into the sea by the first Brazilian nuclear powerplant, the uptake accumulation and loss of ¹³⁷Cs, ⁶⁰Co and ¹²⁵I by locally abundant seaweed species was studiedUptake in static 12 liter aquarium experiments reached apparent steady-state in 2–7 days (⁶⁰Co and ¹²⁵I) or 2–3 weeks (¹³⁷Cs). Elimination followed a reverse pattern, being comparatively fast for ¹³⁷Cs and slow for ⁶⁰Co and ¹²⁵I. Dry weight bioaccumulation factors (BFs) were variable, falling in the 10¹ range for ¹³⁷Cs, 10³ for ¹²⁵I and 10³–10⁴ for ⁶⁰Co. Various short-term experiments performed over a 16 month period, showed marked temporal variations of ⁶⁰Co BFs for all species.The results demonstrated that the studied species may play an important role in the transfer of the critical radionuclides through local food webs and can be employed as useful monitors for routine or accidental radionuclide releases.     

60Co、137Cs在几种海洋生物中浓集问题的初步研究

本文对核电站的主要废物60Co、137Cs在几种海洋生物中的浓集和若干有关的问题进行了初步研究.     

THE TRANSFER OF 137Cs, 60Co ALONG THE FOOD CHAIN OF PLATYMONAS BRACHIONUS AND TILAPIA

The transfer of 137C3, 60Co along Platymonas sp., Brachionus plieatilis Muller and Tilapia mos-sambica Peters was studied by using the tracer methods of both 137C3 and 60Co with Ge (Li) Gamma ray detector and S-80 type multichannel-analyser for measuring the radioactivity of the sample. The experiment was carried out in four groups and the period of the experiment was fifteen days. It was found that 60Co could be transferred along seawater→Platymonas→Brackionus→Tilapia, and that 137C3 could only be transferred from seawater to Platymonas. 137C3 was not accumulated by Brachionus in any group of the experiment. Brachionus ingested 60Co mainly from Platymonas, when 60Co was ingested by Tilapia; Brachionus played an important role in the transfer and the Tilapia ingested 137C3 mainly from seawater.     

A STUDY ON TRANSFER RULE OF 137Cs AND 60Co IN SEAWATER AND MARINE FOOD WEB

Transfer rule of 137C3 and 60Co in seawater and an arrificial food web which made up of Platy-monas, Arca, tenaeus and Tilapia were studied.The results showed that the transfer of nuclide could be realized in a longer food chain in which seawater contained radioactivity, the transfer along food chain alone was slight, the pathway of nuclide uptaken by organism was mainly from seawater,but the pressnce of the food was helpful to the transfer of the nuclide, the transfer efficiency of 60Co by every member in the marine food chain was greater than that of 137C3.     

大亚湾海洋沉积物的人工放射性核素

对大亚湾核电站邻近海的海洋沉积物中人工放射性核素~(144)Ce,~(103)Ru,~88Rn,~(85)Sr,~(90)Sr,~(134)Cs,~(137)Cs,~(124)Sb,~(54)Mn,~(60)Co进行了调查研究;得到核素的区域变化规律和与沉积物性质的相互关系,以及获得各核素的分配系数(K_d)。     

224,223Ra和137Cs在吕宋海峡及周边海域的分布以及其对“彩虹”台风的响应

本文报道2015年9月和2016年5月期间天然放射性核素²²⁴Ra和²²³Ra在吕宋海峡及周边海域表层和垂向水体的分布特征。为理解日本福岛核事故的影响,本文亦分析研究区域内人工放射性核素¹³⁷Cs的分布特征。结果表明,^224,223Ra和¹³⁷Cs比活度水平均处于我国南海海洋天然放射性本底变化范围之内。²²⁴Ra在吕宋海峡以西南海北部海域比活度较高,在吕宋海峡以东菲律宾海域比活度较低。¹³⁷Cs没有明显的分布趋势。基于三站位（LS3,LS5和LS8）²²⁴Ra、¹³⁷Cs以及温盐的垂向分布特征,本文揭示²²⁴Ra和¹³⁷Cs在热带表层水、次表层水和中-深层水中比活度水平和梯度变化的差异特征。彩虹台风事件扭转了整个吕宋海峡及周边海域的海流循环过程。大量以低水平²²⁴Ra为特征的西太平洋海水涌入南海,降低水体²²⁴Ra比活度水平。但是,西太平洋和南海北部海域水体¹³⁷Cs比活度水平没有明显差异,台风导致的海流变化对水体¹³⁷Cs比活度没有明显影响。     

历次核试验进入海洋的~(137)Cs对中国近海影响的模拟研究

1945年以来,世界各主要核国家进行了数千次核试验,这些核试验产生的绝大部分放射性物质通过多种途径进入海洋,对海洋环境造成放射性污染。本文建立了一个准全球海洋的放射性物质输运和扩散数值模式,通过数值模拟手段评估了历史核试验释放的放射性物质137 Cs对中国近海海洋环境的影响。本文借助前人工作评估了核试验释放137Cs进入海洋的途径和总量;通过比较模拟结果与观测资料,表明本文建立的放射性物质模式能够较好地模拟出137Cs在中国近海及其邻近海域的分布情况和随时间演变特征;模拟结果表明中国近海里的137Cs浓度在20世纪50年代中期达到最大,其中吕宋海峡海域137Cs浓度最高,达80.99Bq/m3;进一步分析了2011年3月份日本福岛核事故前中国近海137Cs浓度分布状况,2011年整个中国近海137Cs浓度介于1.0~1.6Bq/m3间,且其浓度垂向分布较均匀,相对封闭的南海浓度略高于其他海域。     

亚铁氰化铜-硅胶现场浓集γ能谱法测定海水中137Cs

本文介绍用无机离子吸附剂CuFC-SiO_2从海水中浓集~(137)Cs,然后用r能谱仪测定海水中~(137)Cs活度的简易分析测定方法。研究了过柱海水速度和海水中~(137)Cs活度变化时吸附剂对海水中~(137)Cs吸附效率的影响,探讨最佳过柱速度和吸附效率。本方法与磷钼酸铵-碘铋酸铯-β计数法有良好可比性。方法准确,简便,安全且易于掌握。     

福岛核事故泄漏入海的137Cs长期输运的数值研究

The Fukushima nuclear accident in 2011 released large amounts of radionuclides, including ~(137)Cs, into the Pacific Ocean. A quasi-global ocean radioactive transport model with horizontal grid spacing of 0.5°×0.5° and 21 vertical layers was thereafter established to study the long-term transport of the Fukushima-derived ~(137)Cs in the ocean.The simulation shows that the plume of ~(137)Cs would be rapidly transported eastward alongside the Kuroshio Current and its extensions. Contaminated waters with concentrations lower than 2 Bq/m3 would reach the west coast of North America 4 or 5 years after the accident. The ~(137)Cs tends to be carried, despite its very low concentration, into the Indian and South Pacific Oceans by 2016 via various branches of ocean currents.Meanwhile, the ~(137)Cs concentrations in the western part of the North Pacific Ocean decrease rapidly with time. Up to now the highly contaminated waters have remained in the upper 400 m, showing no evidence of significant penetration to deeper layers.     

On the predictability of the 137Cs distribution in the Severn Estuary

The observed distribution of ¹³⁷Cs resulting from known sources in the Severn Estuary permits the testing of simple predictive models for the one-dimensional distribution of non-conservative substances in an estuary. These models either use a known distribution of salinity to infer corresponding ones for other substances, or else directly solve mass balance equations utilizing previously determined dispersion coefficients. Both methods are shown to previously determined dispersion coefficients. Both methods are shown to provide results comparing favorably with observations.Stokes drift plays an important role in the circulation of the Severn. A modified densimetric Froude number, including this drift, is therefore used to estimate the circulation and stratification of the estuary.A new equation is used for calculating the ¹³⁷Cs distribution from the observed salinity distribution. It generalizes previous formulations to permit variation of the net runoff with position along the estuary.     

冲绳海槽沉积物中人工放射性137Cs的分布规律

过去几十年中,各国多偏重于海水中~(137)Cs的研究,而对沉积物中~(137)Cs的研究较少。1981年,我们乘“科学一号”船在冲绳海槽区取得了部分沉积物。本文试就~(137)Cs在沉积物中的分布及相关因素作简单探讨。     

切尔诺贝利核事故泄漏137Cs在苏皖地区湖泊沉积物中的蓄积及时标意义

通过对１９９１年５月－１９９２年１０月间采自江苏固城湖和安徽女山湖的３个沉积孔柱中人工放射性核素１３７Ｃｓ比度垂直分布的分析研究，发现在该地区切尔诺贝利核事故泄漏１３７Ｃｓ有明显的蓄积，其峰值与核武器试验导致的１９６３年１３７Ｃｓ时最大蓄积峰值相当，具有同样的时标意义。因此，在苏皖地区这－１３７Ｃｓ蓄积峰值对研究现代湖泊沉积、水土流失和区域环境变化等都有重要价值。     

几种近海沉积物吸附137Cs的初步研究

在对青岛近海放射性污染调查研究中发现,该海区与对照海区(石岛海区和连云港海区)海水中~(137)Cs的含量处于同一水平,而所取沉积物中~(l37)Cs的含量却存在明显差异。同     

Radiocaesium and 210Pb in Clyde sea loch sediments

Analysis of ²¹⁰Pb, ²²⁶Ra, ¹³⁷Cs and ¹³⁴Cs in short sediment cores provide first estimates of deposition rates in some Clyde sea lochs. The radio-caesium nuclides originate mainly in the liquid effluent released at distance from the Clyde by the Windscale nuclear fuel reprocessing plant and their concentrations in Clyde sediments provide information on (a) enrichment factors onto particulate matter, (b) surficial mixing coefficients and (c) sedimentation rates. A radiocaesium residence time in coastal waters of ca. 10³ years reflects the importance of scavenging by the high nearshore particulate flux. ²¹⁰Pb levels in sediments are controlled, in the unsupported fraction, by a major input sorbed on catchment particulates and, in the supported component, by ²²⁶Ra activities occasionally perturbed by unusually high surface values probably of planktonic origin. In one loch, detectable levels of ¹³⁴Cs and ⁶⁰Co are attributed to their discharge by nuclear submarines.     

温度和盐度对几种大型海藻生长率和NH4-N吸收的影响

温度和盐度对细基江蓠繁枝变型(Gracilaria tenuistipitata var.liui)、孔石莼(Ulva pertusa)和蜈蚣藻(Grateloupia filicina)生长率及细基江蓠繁枝变型NH₄-N吸收的影响进行了实验研究.结果表明,温度和盐度对上述3种海藻生长率及NH₄-N吸收均有显著影响.3种海藻的生长适宜温度和盐度范围分别为细基江蓠繁枝变型20～30℃,15～30,孔石莼15～25℃,15～40,蜈蚣藻20～25℃,25～35;最大日特定生长率(SGR)分别为8.66%,12.28%,2.24%;N饥饿细基江蓠繁枝变型对NH₄-N的吸收存在短期的快吸收.细基江蓠繁枝变型NH₄-N吸收的最适温度和盐度范围分别为15～25℃,10～25.生长率及NH₄-N吸收速率与温度和盐度之间分别存在以下关系:SGR_G.t.=0.873(S-5.487)(T-9.007)e(-0.0708S-0.0745T);SGR_U.p.=0.222(S-2.665)e-0.047S(T-9.98)e-0.00057(T-9.98)2.7;SGR_G.f.=2.6×10-4(S-10.856)(T-11.704)e0.156T-3.36×10-6STe0.219T;V_upt=11.812(S-4.081)(T-9.221)e-0.1S-0.148T.     

厦门邻近海域海洋环境放射性水平及评价

良好的环境质量是厦门成为一个宜居和滨海旅游城市的重要基石。自日本福岛核事故发生和福建省核电站陆续运行之后,厦门邻近海域潜在的核污染风险受到公众和管理部门的关注。本研究测定了2015年2月和8月厦门邻近海域海水和海洋沉积物中主要放射性核素的含量水平,并据此评价了该海域的环境放射性质量状况。结果表明海水中总铀、90Sr、226Ra、137Cs处于我国海洋放射性水平变化范围以内,无明显季节差异,其他放射性核素58Co、60Co、134Cs、110mAg、59Fe、54Mn、65Zn均未检出,海水中90Sr和137Cs的活度最大值远低于国家海水水质标准限值,海洋沉积物中放射性核素活度水平亦在我国海洋放射性水平变化范围以内。利用我国现有的海洋放射性环境质量评价方法对厦门邻近海域放射性质量状况进行分级评价得出其海水放射性质量为2级,海洋沉积物放射性环境质量为1级,均属于安全级别。研究结果表明2015年在厦门附近海域未观测到放射性污染现象。     

Dispersion and accumulation of radionuclide in sediment of Urazoko Bay-II

Further studies on the transport in sea water and accumulation in marine sediment of the radionuclides, released from a nuclear power plant, on Urazoko Bay, Fukui Prefecture were reported.The partition of radionuclides among the particle size fractions of a sediment sample indicated that the accumulation of⁶⁰Co,¹³⁷Cs and⁵⁴Mn in the sediment were dominated substantially by the sorption on the particle surface in sea water, and the patterns of their sorption were considerably similar to each other.In regard to the⁶⁰Co contamination of marine sediments in an area of about 13 km² around the nuclear power plant, 60% of the⁶⁰Co contamination were retained in Urazoko Bay, which occupies only 7% of the bottom surface of the region.It is clear that a part of⁶⁰Co accumulated in the sediment of Urazoko Bay gradually moved to the outerward.     

不同光周期条件下罗氏沼虾幼体摄食量及发育的研究

于１９９１年３－５月，在光周期Ｌ：Ｄ为４：２０，８：１６，１２：１２和２４：０四种条件下以卤虫无节幼体作饵料，在三角烧瓶中对实验室孵化的罗氏沼虾通状休进行单只培养，测定各期状幼体的日摄食量和总摄食量，并观察幼体的发育情况，结果表明，随着光照时间的延长，特别是连续照明的条件与最短的光照时间条件相比，幼体的日摄食量增加４０％－１５０％，育成的Ｐ１体重增大４０％，且育成Ｐ１的时间缩短９ｄ，而幼体完成整个     

大亚湾近岸沉积物对人工放射性核素的吸附

用大亚湾近岸沉积物进行人工放射性核素的吸附研究。测得各放射性核素的吸附分配系数分别为：＾８５Ｓｒ，１６０；＾１３４Ｃｓ，３３０；＾６０Ｃｏ，６４００；＾１４１Ｃｅ，９５００；＾５９Ｆｅ，９４００；＾５４Ｍｎ，１５０００。并测得核素吸附分配系数随悬浮物浓度和示踪剂活度变化的规律。当悬浮物浓度增加时，＾８５Ｓｒ，＾５９Ｆｅ的Ｋｄ值显著降低，＾１４１Ｃｅ，＾５４Ｍｎ，＾６０Ｃｏ的Ｋｄ值稍有降低，而＾１３