对UE土体动力本构模型的修正

动力本构模型UE模型具有可以描述非对称循环荷载、记忆量小、模型参数物理意义明确、表达式简单等优点。但其描述等幅循环荷载作用下的土体滞回圈时,存在非对称性,并且无法较好地拟合土体动阻尼比随应变产生的变化规律。通过在UE模型的骨架曲线中引入两个瞬变参数,利用“massing二倍法”构造滞回曲线,使模型同时满足各个应变下的剪切模量及阻尼比,确定瞬变参数的表达式,将瞬变参数表达式带入滞回曲线方程中,即得到最终的滞回曲线表达式,并定义各个滞回圈顶点的连线为此修正模型的实际骨架曲线。分析结果表明,该修正模型能够克服UE模型存在的不足,且更符合实际。     

基于双曲正切函数的土动力非线性本构模型

基于双曲正切函数,构造了一种新的土动力非线性本构模型。该模型从双曲正切函数出发,通过平移和缩放构造了土动力应力应变关系的骨架曲线和卸载、反向加载的滞回曲线。相对于其他模型而言,这种新的数学模型参数较少,物理概念明确,形式简单,更利于编程实现,加卸载应力应变关系曲线只需要记忆加卸载转折点处的应力和应变值。将该数学模型应用于场地地震反应分析中,并与常用的等效线性化方法的地震反应结果进行比较,结果初步证明了该本构模型的可行性。     

小应变硬化模型(HSS)在Rayleigh波作用下场地响应分析中的应用

为研究冲击荷载或地震作用下产生的,以Rayleigh波为主的面波对浅层地表土体动力响应特征以及数值模拟中土层阻尼的设置方法,以厦门地区浅层的素填土及粉质黏土为研究对象,采用有限元动力分析,土体本构采用小应变硬化模型(HSS),利用模型本身的滞回环特性,输入变化的小应变参数,考察HSS模型的小应变参数对场地动力响应的影响,并与土体采用摩尔-库伦模型结合Rayleigh阻尼("MC+Rayleigh阻尼")的计算结果进行对比。研究表明:当采用带有滞回环的HSS模型时,波速随初始剪切模量Gref0的增大而增大,但振幅减小,残余变形量也有所减小;小应变参数γ0.7对波的影响较小;HSS模型能够给出残余变形量,而"MC+Rayleigh阻尼"由于本构模型为理想弹塑性模型,在卸载重加载条件下表现为纯弹性行为,无法反映出卸载重加载过程中塑性应变的积累及其累积阻尼效应;但HSS模型还不能够全面反映循环加载作用下塑性体积应变的累积,因此在考虑滞回阻尼的基础上,仍然建议借助Rayleigh阻尼来更加全面地模拟土体的实际阻尼特性。     

动力基础系统非线性本构关系的研究

采用理想集总参数计算体系,以三次幂多项式模型反映动力地基的非线性特性,将非线性幂函数作为循环荷载作用下系统位移-力关系的主干骨线,在此基础上按照Masing二倍法则,将骨线拓展为位移一力的滞回曲线,建立了动力基础双曲线滞回动力学模型。提出了非线性广义刚度函数的概念,建立了动力基础系统在不同振动形式下的非线性本构关系。     

高强混凝土多重复合芯柱恢复力模型研究

基于8根高强混凝土多重复合芯柱在低周往复荷载作用下的试验结果,考虑轴压比、箍筋间距、配箍率等因素,提出骨架曲线特征点理论计算模型.同时,考虑加载历程对芯柱性能退化的影响,根据试验拟合结果引入刚度退化模型,以反映各试件滞回曲线卸载刚度退化规律,给出恢复力模型滞回规则,并将滞回曲线模拟值与试验值进行对比.结果表明:骨架曲线...     

新型装配式抗震墙体恢复力模型研究

本文通过对6榀1/2比例新型装配式抗震墙体的低周反复加载试验,分析了基于不同布筋方式、竖向连接方式、水平连接方式等关键参数对各试件骨架曲线与滞回性能的影响。根据试验结果,建立统一的无量纲化骨架曲线,采用试验数据回归及理论推导相结合的方法,提出了新型装配式抗震墙体考虑刚度退化的四线型骨架曲线模型,并给出了各特征点及各阶段刚度的计算公式;通过对6榀试件各滞回环卸载刚度的回归分析,建立了墙体在不同阶段的卸载刚度计算公式,并据此给出了适用于新型装配式抗震墙体的滞回规则。试验研究及计算分析表明:本文所建议的恢复力模型与试验结果吻合较好,并能较好反映各试件滞回曲线中的"捏拢"现象,可用于新型装配式抗震墙结构体系的弹塑性地震反应分析。     

钢管高强混凝土压弯构件滞回性能的研究

本文根据适用于三向周期受力的钢材本构关系模型,和适用于三向周期受力改进的混凝土本构关系的边界面模型,采用有限元法对钢管高强混凝土压弯构件的荷载－位移滞回曲线进行了理论分析,并进行了6个核心混凝土的强度为77N/mm2的钢管高强混凝土压弯构件滞回性能的试验研究。将理论分析和本试验研究及其他试验研究结果进行了对比,分析了荷载－位移滞回曲线的特点。     

土体动力一维非线性本构关系剖析与评价

土体动力一维非线性本构关系是场地及地基动力响应、土工数值分析的关键。回顾和总结了国内外的发展状况及研究进展,对其分析方法、等幅循环荷载到不规则荷载的扩展及应用规则、试验阻尼比的等效、滞回曲线形状等核心问题进行剖析、评价和探讨,并对各种模型的优缺点进行了比较和讨论,着重介绍了最近研究结果。最后指出未来发展方向及有待进一步研究的问题。     

钢筋混凝土结构的地震损伤分析及能量参数模型

本文简要评述了现有钢筋混凝土结构地震损伤分析的途径、方法及其合理应用。根据构件的滞回恢复力骨架曲线及卸载刚度退化规律,本文构造一个与构件地震损伤相关的能量参数,并据此提出一种构件地震损伤模型,该模型不显含组合系数α及β,计算较为简便。最后,根据Park and Ang模型导出构件滞回恢复力模型中反向加载曲线的超前指向距离,使构件的滞回恢复力变化描述与构件的地震损伤演化描述具有一致性。     

常用岩土本构模型的选择及对场地动力反应分析结果的影响

合理选择本构模型是土动力学问题数值模拟中的一项重要工作。利用PLAXIS 2D软件的土工实验模拟功能分别对4种常用的岩土本构模型——线弹性模型、摩尔库伦模型、土体硬化模型和小应变土体硬化模型在往复荷载下的理论滞回曲线进行了对比分析,并在此基础上研究了选择不同本构模型对自由场地震反应分析结果的影响以及不同本构模型中各参数的变化对场地动力计算结果的敏感性分析。研究结果为土动力学问题数值模拟中如何选择本构模型和合理判断数值分析结果提供了参考依据。     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Aims And Scope

正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and     

Foreword

Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States.     

WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION RESEARCH(WASER)

正President:Giampaolo Di Silvio,Italy Vice Presidents:Ulrich C.E.Zanke,Germany Zhao-yin Wang,China The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER),inaugurated on Oct.19,2004,is an independent non-governmental,non-profit organization.The mission of WASER is to promote international co-operation on the study     

Enhancing remote sensing research on global change to improve our understanding on Earth system processes

正Global Change includes climate change and other environmental changes caused by the joint interaction among various layers of Earth. From the positive side, global change provides new opportunities to human and other living forms on Earth. In the meantime, it creates tremendous challenges and negative impact. At present, the negative impacts have reached all primary processes of the global ecosystem and every aspect of human society, especially causing degradation of the ecosystem. For instance, intensive deforestation causes decline of biodiversity; global warming causes sea level rise and increases     

Dissolved Carbohydrate Concentration,Composition, and Bioavailability to Microbial Heterotrophs in Stream Water

Dissolved total carbohydrates (DTCH), dissolved free monosaccharides (DFMS), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), biodegradable DOC (BDOC), and humic substances (HS) were measured in White Clay Creek (WCC), a stream in southeastern Pennsylvania Piedmont, USA. Samples were collected over different seasons and under baseflow and stormflow conditions. DOC concentrations ranged from 1.0 to 12.8 mg/L C with the highest concentrations associated with stormflows. Carbohydrates ranged from 0.42 to 12.4 μM and accounted for 2.9 to 12.7% of the DOC. Humic substances represented the major DOC fraction, accounting for 55 to 72% of the DOC pool under all flow conditions. The humic fraction had a lower carbohydrate content (4.4%) than the non-humic fraction of DOC (7.2%). Stormflow DOC was enriched in carbohydrates relative to baseflow DOC, but the percentage of humic-C changed little. Carbohydrates were primarily present as dissolved polysaccharides (55%), but a significant fraction was bound to humic substances (40%), while a small proportion was present as monosaccharides (5%). The major monosaccharides in stream water, listed in order of decreasing concentration, included glucose, galactose, rhamnose, xylose, arabinose, mannose, and fucose. On average (30.6 ± 7.4)% (n = 44) of the stream water DOC was biodegradable, and carbohydrates accounted for 9.9 to 17.7% of the BDOC.