山东蓬莱,临朐新生代碱性玄武岩的钕,锶同位素组成

本文报道了鲁东和鲁西新生代碱性玄武岩１３个样品的Ｎｄ，Ｓｒ同位素组成，１４３Ｎｄ／１４４Ｎｄ＝０．５１２９６７－０．５１２７４４，８７Ｓｒ／８６Ｓｒ＝０．７０３４９－０．７０４５０。它们在地质剖面上呈现规律性变化，可能与其地幔源区同位素组成的层状分带有关。鲁西地幔源区具有较鲁东更加亏损的组份。两地地幔源区在演化中都曾发生过地幔交代（或富集）作用，根据玄武岩Ｎｄ同位素模式年龄估计地幔交代作用发生的时     

南极乔治王岛中——新生代岩浆岩Sr—Nd—Pb同位素组成及源区特征

对乔治王岛１１个火山岩和２个侵入岩样品做了Ｓｒ－Ｎｄ－Ｐｂ同位素分析，其中（８７Ｓｒ／８６Ｓｒ）ｉ＝０．７０３２６～０．７０３９２，εＮｄ＝３．０２～６．７２，２０６Ｐｂ／２０４Ｐｂ＝１７．７７６～１８．５１５，２０７Ｐｂ／２０４Ｐｂ＝１５．．５０６～１５．５７１，２０８Ｐｂ／２０４Ｐｂ＝３７．８６８～３８．３０８。根据以上同位素组成及其相互关系并结合岩石学和微量元素特征及火山岩中熔融包裹体成分，得出以下结论：（１）研究的乔治王岛岩浆岩起源于亏损地幔（ＤＭＭ）和地幔流体交代成因的富集地幔ＥＭＩ混合形成的源区；（２）该源区具有广义Ｄｕｐａｌ异常，它正是由于ＥＭＩ组份加入即通过流体交代作用而产生的；（３）流体主要是俯冲深海沉积物脱碳酸盐作用而释放出的富ＣＯ２流体。     

汉诺坝玄武岩中辉石岩类包体Nd、Sr、Pb同位素及其成因信息

对汉诺坝地区的１２个辉石岩和１个麻粒岩包体进行了Ｎｄ、Ｓｒ、Ｐｂ同位素测定，发现辉石岩组成有很大变化，１４３Ｎｄ／１４４Ｎｄ比值为０．５１１６０—０．５１３１４，８７Ｓｒ／８６Ｓｒ比值为０．７０２９—０．７０８６，２０６Ｐｂ／２０４Ｐｂ比值为１５．９４２—１８．６８３，２０７Ｐｂ／２０４Ｐｂ比值为１５．２６４—１５．５６９，２０８Ｐｂ／２０４Ｐｂ比值为３６．２１３—３８．７４４，显示了其复杂成因ｑ推测具有高Ｓｒ、低Ｎｄ和低Ｐｂ同位素组成的辉石岩是地幔早期富集的产物，与麻粒岩、辉长岩包体有类似成因；具有弱至中等亏损的Ｎｄ、Ｓｒ同位素和高放射成因Ｐｂ的辉石岩是亏损地幔近期富集或交代的产物     

武当地块基性岩墙群及耀岭河群基性火山岩的Sr,Nd,Pb,O同位素研究

武当地块基性岩墙群与耀岭河群基性火山岩的Ｓｒ、Ｎｄ、Ｐｂ同位素特征反映它们具相同的混合地幔源区。前者的（＾８７Ｓｒ／＾８６Ｓｒ）ｉ＝０．６９０５￣０．７０６１,εＮｄ（ｔ）＝－１．９￣５．０,Δ＾２０８Ｐｂ／＾２０４Ｐｂ＝３５．４９￣１９０．２６,Δ＾２０７Ｐｂ／＾２０４Ｐｂ＝４￣８５,Ｔｈ／Ｔａ低,Ｌａ／Ｙｂ变化大;后者的（＾８７Ｓｒ／＾８６Ｓｒ）ｉ＝０．６４８７￣０．７０７５,εＮｄ（ｔ）＝０     

中国东部新生代玄武岩的地球化学（II）Sr,Nd,Ce同位素组成

对有代表性的中国东部新生代玄武岩的Ｓｒ、Ｎｄ和Ｃｅ同位素组成进行了系统的研究，结合系统的微量元素研究结果，进一步阐明其地幔源区同位素组成的不均一性；利用Ｃｅ、Ｎｄ同位素地球化学给出的信息，探讨富集Ｉ型（ＥＭ Ｉ）地幔端元的成因。     

大陆的早期演化

有关大陆学化过程可以通过测定不同年龄的地壳岩石中钕同位素丰度来解决。对来自早期地幔火山夺的Ｎｄ同位素值测量表明，产生低Ｓ，／Ｎｄ比值大陆壳的地幔源具有高Ｓ，／Ｎｄ值，通过研究由地幔熔融产生的火山岩，重建亏损地幔的早期状态。澳大利亚西部２．７Ｇａ岩区的玄武岩Ｎｂ／Ｕ比值与两革幔岩石的Ｎｂ／Ｕ比值非常接近，这说明２．７Ｇａ前大陆地壳的数量与现今相同。     

中国东部新生代玄武岩的地球化学（Ⅱ）Sr、Nd、Ce同位素组成

对有代表性的中国东部新生代玄武岩的Ｓｒ、Ｎｄ和Ｃｅ同位素组成进行了系统的研究，结合系统的微量元素研究结果，进一步阐明其地幔源区同位素组成的不均一性；利用Ｃｅ、Ｎｄ同位素地球化学给出的信息，探讨富集Ⅰ型（ＥＭⅠ）地幔端元的成因。     

南天山托云盆地晚白垩世——早第三纪玄武岩的地球化学特征 …

托云盆地晚白垩世－－早第三纪碱性橄榄玄武岩Ｓｒ、Ｎｄ、Ｐｂ同位素组成表明,本区玄武岩以低Ｓｒ、Ｐｂ和相对高的Ｎｄ同位素值（＾８７Ｓｒ／＾８６Ｓｒ为０．７０３５５４￣０．７０３８８４;＾１４３Ｎｄ／＾１４４Ｎｄ为０．５１２８３８￣０．５１２９０４;＾２０６Ｐｂ／＾２０４Ｐｂ为１８．００６３￣１８．４７２０;＾２０７Ｐｂ／＾２０４Ｐｂ为１５．４４１１￣１５．５０６０;＾２０８Ｐｂ／＾２０４Ｐｂ为３７．     

卡鲁溢流玄武岩由地幔羽—岩石圈混合作用形成的Re—Os同位素证据

大量证据表明大陆溢流玄武岩省与地幔羽活动有关。然而，溢流玄武岩所具有的放射性同位素特征往往超出了地幔羽源区（如海岛玄武岩所证实的）范围。这些特征较易解释为大陆岩石圈源于将温度较低的，难熔的地幔岩石圈贡献了富集同位素的（低＾１４３Ｎｄ／＾１４４Ｎｄ）物质。然而，对于将温度较低的，难熔的地幔岩石圈作为玄武质岩浆的一个重要源区的模式有不少反对意见。关于玄武岩的成因，Ｒｅ－Ｏｓ体系可以对地幔羽和大陆下岩石     

武当地块基性岩墙群及耀岭河群基性火山岩的Sr、Nd、Pb、O同位素研究

武当地块基性岩墙群与耀岭河群基性火山岩的 Ｓｒ、 Ｎｄ、 Ｐｂ 同位素特征反映它们具相同的混合地幔源区。前者的（８７ Ｓｒ／８６ Ｓｒ）ｉ＝ ０６９０５～０７０６１, ε Ｎ ｄ （ｔ） ＝ － １９～５０, Δ２０８ Ｐｂ／２０４ Ｐｂ＝ ３５４９～１９０２６, Δ２０７ Ｐｂ／２０４ Ｐｂ＝ ４～８５, Ｔｈ／ Ｔａ 低, Ｌａ／ Ｙｂ 变化大;后者的（８７ Ｓｒ／８６ Ｓｒ）ｉ＝ ０６４８７～０７０７５,ε Ｎ ｄ（ｔ）＝ ０１１～３９４, Δ２０８ Ｐｂ／２０４ Ｐｂ＝ － ８１５８～２１９９５, Δ２０７ Ｐｂ／２０４ Ｐｂ＝ ４４４～１６６８, Ｔｈ／ Ｔａ 和 Ｌａ／ Ｙｂ 较高。这指示它们的源区以岩石圈亏损地幔和第２ 类富集地幔为主要混合组分, 耀岭河群基性火山岩曾遭受地壳物质的混染。结合它们具大陆拉斑玄武岩地球化学特征, 代表同源异相裂谷环境的产物推断, 南秦岭基底陆块在新元古代时曾发生过一次重要裂解作用, 并向早古生代秦岭洋盆转变。     

Fluid Inclusions and Hydrogen,Oxygen, and Lead Isotopes of the Antuoling Molybdenum Deposit,Northern Taihang Mountains,China

The Antuoling Mo deposit is a major porphyry‐type deposit in the polymetallic metallogenic belt of the northern Taihang Mountains, China. The processes of mineralization in this deposit can be divided into three stages: an early quartz–pyrite stage, a middle quartz–polymetallic sulfide stage, and a late quartz–carbonate stage. Four types of primary fluid inclusions are found in the deposit: two‐phase aqueous inclusions, daughter‐mineral‐bearing multiphase inclusions, CO₂–H₂O inclusions, and pure CO₂ inclusions. From the early to the late ore‐forming stages, the homogenization temperatures of the fluid inclusions are 300 to >500°C, 270–425°C, and 195–330°C, respectively, with salinities of up to 50.2 wt%, 5.3–47.3 wt%, and 2.2–10.4 wt% NaCl equivalent, revealing that the ore‐forming fluids changed from high temperature and high salinity to lower temperature and lower salinity. Moreover, based on the laser Raman spectra, the compositions of the fluid inclusions evolved from the NaCl–CO₂–H₂O to the NaCl–H₂O system. The δ¹⁸O_H2O and δD values of quartz in the deposit range from +3.9‰ to +7.0‰ and ?117.5‰ to ?134.2‰, respectively, reflecting the δD of local meteoric water after oxygen isotopic exchange with host rocks. The Pb isotope values of the sulfides (²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, 36.320–37.428; ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, 15.210–15.495; ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, 16.366–17.822) indicate that the ore‐forming materials originated from a mixed upper mantle–lower crust source.     

Geochemical Characteristics of Gold Polymetallic Deposits as Exemplified by the Laozuoshan Deposit,Heilong jiang,China

From the studies of ore deposit geologic settings,sulfur isotopes,lead isotopes,carbon isotopes and oxygen isotopes,fluid inclusions and petrochemistry in this paper,the authors have drawn a conclusion that the ore-forming hydrothermal solutions are the high-temperature magmatic hydrothermal solutions for the gold ore deposit,and at the same time,the involvemety of crustal materials can not be ruled out .It is the first time that the authors have proposed that the Laozuoshan gold-ploymetallic ore deposit in Heilongjiang Province was formed in the calc-alkaline series environment at the margin of an active continent.     

中国SEDEX型矿床成矿流体硼、硅、氦-氩同位素组成研究评述

SEDEX型矿床成矿流体的研究是矿床地球化学研究的重要课题之一。正确识别系统中不同的流体来源及其混合过程,是深刻理解SEDEX型矿床形成演化的关键。系统总结了国内几个典型的SEDEX型矿床同位素研究成果,认为B和Si同位素是根据SEDEX型矿床独特的矿物组合而提出的一种示踪方法,对矿床成因和沉积环境示踪效果理想;He、Ar同位素则因为在地壳和地幔储库中有极不相同的组成,是理想的幔源流体示踪剂。鉴于SEDEX型矿床含有电气石、黄铁矿、硅质岩等特殊的矿物与岩石组合,B、Si、He-Ar同位素可能更适合SEDEX型矿床矿化流体来源研究,并指出其理论发展的薄弱之处。     

湘南宝山矿床REE、Pb-S同位素地球化学及黄铁矿Rb-Sr同位素定年

湘南宝山矿区的花岗闪长岩体、地层(灰岩)、方解石及黄铁矿具有相似的稀土元素地球化学特征,即轻稀土富集和Eu负异常。其中,黄铁矿表现为最低的稀土总量、明显的Eu负异常和较明显的Ce负异常,这反映了流体的稀土元素地球化学特征。认为成矿流体既有来自花岗闪长岩体的岩浆水参与,又有大气降水的作用。本次工作的矿床硫化物单矿物Pb同位素组成变化范围较小,在铅同位素构造演化图上均位于地壳演化线附近,反映的主要是地壳的信息。矿床硫化物S同位素组成与岩体及围岩地层基本一致,属于同源。通过对六个黄铁矿样品的Rb-Sr同位素分析,获得宝山矿床的Rb-Sr等时线年龄为174±7Ma,MSWD=0.55,黄铁矿的(87Sr/86Sr)i为0.70912±0.00016,高于花岗闪长岩体的锶同位素初始比值。黄铁矿Rb-Sr等时线年龄与花岗闪长岩体的单颗粒锆石U-Pb年龄十分一致,表明矿床的形成与岩体有密切的联系,花岗闪长岩体提供了矿床形成所需要的能量和部分流体,而地层也提供了部分成矿物质。     

辽东砖庙矿区硼矿床的海相蒸发成因——来自硼、硫、碳同位素的证据

辽宁砖庙硼矿区的硼矿体呈层状或透镜状赋存于辽河群里尔峪组火山-沉积建造下部的蛇纹石化大理岩中,内部含有大量镁橄榄岩包裹体。本研究利用LA-MC-ICP-MS技术对砖庙硼矿区内的硼矿石硼同位素进行了微区原位分析,对矿石及大理岩围岩的硫、碳稳定同位素进行了系统研究。硼矿石的δ11BNIST SRM-951为12.6‰~13.9‰,具海相蒸发沉积特征;硼矿石和大理岩的δ34SV-CDT为11.6‰~24.3‰,具海相沉积成因特征;矿体上下层位中蛇纹石化大理岩的δ13CV-PDB为–5.0‰~–0.5‰,部分未蛇纹石化大理岩的δ13CV-PDB为4.1‰~4.6‰,具有古元古代海相碳酸盐岩特有的碳同位素正异常现象。据此提出,砖庙矿区的硼矿床可能形成于海相蒸发沉积和火山喷发旋回交替的滨海环境,随后同期喷发的超基性火山岩覆盖于海相蒸发沉积成因硼矿体之上,保护了易溶的硼酸盐矿物,经后期变质和热液改造,形成目前独特的硼酸盐矿物,碳酸盐岩与超基性岩岩石组合。     

广西大厂锡多金属矿床硅质岩和层状矿体氧硅同位素研究

作者对大厂地区泥盆纪地层中的不同成历的硅质岩进行了系统的硅氧同位素研究。其中一种是与矿化无关的浅海放射虫硅质岩，其硅质来自海水的溶解硅，表现出低的负δ30Si值和变化较大的δ18O值；另一种岩石可能属海底喷气成因，表现出你的负δ30Si值和均一的δ18O值，与硫化物成矿作用有密切关系。     

克里阳钾镁煌斑岩同位素地球化学特征

通过研究表明，克里阳钾镁煌斑岩的δ^13C值为-2．79‰～-3．3‰，δ^18O值为 14．5796‰～ 16．43‰。其相容元素Cr、Ni，不相容元素Ba、Sr、Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Th含量比较亏损，惰性元素及放射性生热元素等(除U外)均较亏损，极亏损高场强元素Nb、Ti、Ta，说明其产出可能与古俯冲作用有关。这些特征均表明，该区钾镁煌斑岩比较完好地保存着源区特征。克里阳钾镁煌斑岩的Sr初始比值为0．70807，与国际同类岩石相比有些偏高，在中国属中度；Pb同位素比值^206Pb／^204Pb为18．3556。从Pb、Sr同位素组成及其他地球化学特征来看，它们很可能也反映了一种亏损地幔为主和再循环的壳源物质的混合作用。     

Shoreline tufa and tufaglomerate from Pleistocene Lake Bonneville,Utah, USA: stable isotopic and mineralogical records of lake conditions,processes, and climate

Shoreline carbonate deposits of Pleistocene Lake Bonneville record the conditions and processes within the lake, including the evaporative balance as well as vertical and lateral chemical and isotopic gradients. Tufas (swash‐zone) and tufaglomerates (cemented, subaqueous colluvium or beachrock) on multiple, well‐developed shorelines near the Silver Island Range, Utah, also present an opportunity to examine physicochemical lake processes through time. Three shorelines are represented by carbonate deposits, including the 23–20 ka Stansbury stage, 15–14.5 ka Bonneville stage, and 14.5–14 ka Provo stage. Mean δ¹⁸O_VSMOW values of all three shorelines are statistically indistinguishable ( ～ 27 ± 1‰), when a few Bonneville samples of unusual composition are neglected. However, differences in primary carbonate mineralogy indicate that the correspondence is an artefact of the different fractionation factors between calcite or aragonite and water. Second, in order to sustain a much smaller, shallower lake during the colder Stansbury stage, the climate must have also been relatively dry. Third, δ¹⁸O values in tufa are higher than tufaglomerate by ～ 0.5‰, consistent with greater evaporative enrichment of lake water in the swash zone. Fourth, mean δ¹³C values for the Provo, Stansbury and Bonneville shorelines (4.4, 5.0 and 5.2‰, respectively) show that carbon species were dominated by atmospheric exchange, with the variations produced by differences in the oxidation of organic matter. Comparisons of shoreline carbonates with deep‐lake marls of the same approximate age indicate that shoreline carbonate was much higher in δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O values (both ～ 2.5‰) during Bonneville time, whereas isotopic differences were minor (both ～ 1‰) in Stansbury time. In particular, the Bonneville stage may have sustained large vertical or lateral isotopic gradients due to evaporative enrichment effects on δ¹⁸O values. In contrast, the lake during the much shallower Stansbury stage may have been well mixed. Differences in the primary mineralogy (Stansbury and Bonneville, aragonite > calcite; Provo, calcite > aragonite) reflect profound differences in lake chemistry in terms of open versus closed‐basin lakes. The establishment of a continuous outlet during Provo time probably reduced the Mg²⁺/Ca²⁺ ratio of lake water. Curiously, regardless of primary mineralogy, tufaglomerate cements are enriched in Na⁺ and Cl^? and depleted in Mg²⁺ relative to capping tufa of the same age. This probably reflects vital or kinetic effects in the swash zone (tufa). We suspect that ‘abiotic’ effects may have been important in the dark pore space of developing tufaglomerate, where the absence of light suppressed photosynthesis. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

铅-氧同位素在矿产勘查中的应用

根据铅同位素的地球化学性质、氧同位素水／岩交换的基本原理,简述了铅、氧同位素应用于找矿的基本原则．对铅、氧同位素应用于找矿分别以实例,从矿源母岩的确定、矿化体的判别两方面进行了讨论．认为随着找矿难度的日趋增大,根据同位素资料,提取微观成矿标志,对提高找矿效果有重要意义．