Direct use of peak ground motion parameters for the estimation of inelastic displacement ratio of SDOF systems subjected to repeated far fault ground motions

This study is aimed at developing statistical equations to estimate the inelastic displacement ratio of singledegree- of-freedom systems subjected to far fault repeated earthquakes. In the study, peak ground motion parameters are used to define the scatter of the original data. The ratio of peak ground acceleration to peak ground velocity, and peak ground velocity of the ground motion records and structural parameters such as period of vibration and lateral strength ratio are used in the proposed equations. For the development of the equations, nonlinear time history analyses of single-degree-offreedom systems are conducted. Then, the results are used in a multivariate regression procedure. The equations are verified by comparing the estimated results with the calculated results. The average error and coefficient of variation of the proposed equations are presented. The analyses results revealed that the direct use of peak ground motion parameters for the estimation of inelastic displacement ratio significantly reduced the scatter in the original data and yielded accurate results. From the comparative results it is also observed that results obtained using equations specific to peak ground velocity or peak ground acceleration to peak ground velocity ratio are similar.     

嘉峪关地震台地震定位方位偏差研究

对嘉峪关地震台记录的500个地震逐一分析定位,将本台和中国地震台网中心的定位结果对比,统计平均偏差率。详细计算本台及3个子台的四象限定位结果偏差率,对发生方位偏差的震中位置进行归类研究,寻找规律。研究发现,远震定位结果受台基噪声影响大,近震定位结果受地质构造中断层影响大。应用方位角法定位地震可以最大限度地增加定位准确度,近地震速报时注意肃南区域方位异常的偏差角度,可提供较为准确的地震参数。     

Determination of polar motion from satellite observations

Doppler observations of U.S. Navy Navigation Satellites have been used to determine the Earth's pole position for the period 1967 to July 1972. Recent results are competitive in accuracy with astronomic results and exhibit about 0".02 agreement with astronomic pole positions. The differences are no larger than those between independent calculations of pole positions based on astronomic data (BIHvs. ILS). For a two-day span of observations made by 18 Doppler stations the uncertainty in computed pole position corresponding to random errors in observation is 0".002. However, the results have systematic errors with various frequencies which are primarily due to uncertainties in the gravity coefficients. Since these errors are independent of those producing systematic errors in astronomic results, the two techniques are complementary. Recent results of computation of polar motion based on laser observations of artificial Earth satellites have also produced results having accuracies comparable to Doppler and astronomic results. The analysis of the laser observations is based on the effect of pole position on the apparent inclination of satellite orbits; on the other hand, since the Doppler observations are made on polar orbiting satellites, they are more sensitive to errors in the component of pole position which lies in the orbit plane. As a result of this difference, biases in Doppler and laser results may be different in size or character.     

多孔岩石波传播的热弛豫模型修正

经研究发现热弛豫模型的衰减比BISQ模型大得较多,与地球介质相比衰减量也过大;反演与实验结果相比在虚模量的低频(或低温)端和高频(或高温)端相差较大,仅在峰值附近符合较好.针对上述不足,将Arrhenius关系直接引进Biot模型,替换原模型引进的峰值点的频率对数和温度关系,并重新调整了模型参数.这样既改善了原模型衰减量过大,又克服了模型反演中虚模量峰值曲线两侧差异较大的缺点.进行了P波和S波的波传播分析,仍然在频率谱和温度谱上获得热弛豫峰和Biot峰.分析显示热弛豫峰导致波速随频率升高而上升的普遍规律,Biot峰导致波速随温度升高而上升的异常现象.在相同条件下对Biot模型,BISQ模型和热弛豫模型的P波波速和衰减进行了对比.热弛豫模型得到的速度频散更强,频散范围更宽,所得的衰减峰值频率比BISQ模型要低,衰减幅度比BISQ模型稍大.这些结果与实验结果相近,更符合实际.     

Effects of solar eclipses in the ionosphere: Doppler sounding results: 2. Spectral analysis

The results of a spectral analysis of time variations in the Doppler frequency shift which accompanied solar eclipses in 1999?C2008 and calculations and estimates of disturbances in signal parameters are presented. Parameters of the ionosphere and its irregular structure are estimated on the basis of observational data. The calculation results correspond to the results of observations.     

沈阳活断层地震危害性预测结果与分析

简述了沈阳活断层地震危害性预测中所使用的模型及计算方法,给出并分析了不同规模地震下的地震动预测结果。通过把地震动预测结果分别同现行地震安全性评价结果、国家地震动参数区划图进行比较与分析,给出了活断层地震危害性预测结果的使用条件与建议。     

Ray Tracing Methods in Seismic Emission Tomography

Highly efficient approximate ray tracing techniques which can be used in seismic emission tomography and in other methods requiring a large number of raypaths are described. The techniques are applicable for the gradient and plane-layered velocity sections of the medium and for the models with a complicated geometry of contrasting boundaries. The empirical results obtained with the use of the discussed ray tracing technologies and seismic emission tomography results, as well as the results of numerical modeling, are presented.     

岩石蠕变扩容与损伤变量本构关系

首先介绍了在不同压力组合下关于油母页岩的蠕变实验.实验表明,在瞬时扩容后,蠕变过程中的依赖时间的扩容持续增长.在引入反映岩石扩容程度时的损伤变量后,建立了损伤演化方程和本构方程以描述蠕变扩容的变化规律.最后,数值模拟了体应变与时间关系,与实验结果基本一致.     

Study on the Relationship of Seismic Design Ground Motion at Different Fortification Levels in the Xinjiang Region

The seismic risk analysis results of 79 cities in Xinjiang are presented, and the bedrock peak ground accelerations under three seismic levels and their ratios are discussed. Then, the relationship between earthquake environments and the seismic risk analysis results of different exceeding probabilities are researched. The results show that minor and major earthquake motion parameters calculated from moderate earthquakes do not have a consistent probability and the ratio of bedrock peak accelerations under different exceedance probabilities are closely correlated with earthquake environments.     

潜在震源区内部非均匀特征研究

潜在震源区是未来可能的震中集合体。我国目前采用的地震危险性分析方法中，一般采用面源模型，潜在震源区面积平均约占３×１０３—４×１０３ｋｍ２。假定地震危险性在潜在震源区内的分布是均匀的。已有的研究结果表明，较大面积的地震均匀分布模型对地震危险性的估计过低。本文利用全国地震烈度区划采用的潜在震源区划分模型和地震数据，统计了历史地震震中在潜在震源区内的空间相对分布情况，给出了潜在震源区内强震非均匀分布的定量描述方法和初步研究结果。应用本文研究结果，可以给出更科学、合理的地震危险性分析和地震区划结果。     

用爆破事件测试JOPENS-MSDP中4种定位算法的稳定性

用JOPENS-MSDP地震分析软件提供的Hyposat、Hyp2000、Locsat和单纯型定位算法,分析一次网内和一次网缘爆破试验事件,将测定结果与GPS实测爆破位置进行对比。结果表明：4种方法的测定结果,水平方向误差均达到1类要求,垂直方向误差较大;使用区域走时模型时,Hyposat定位方法测定的网内和网缘事件的水平误差均小于1 km,爆破时间存在0.5 s左右的误差。155万多组随机台站组合的定位结果,进一步证实：①Hyposat最稳定,具体表现为相同台站布局下,Hyposat定位结果水平向置信度最高;在同一置信区间内,相同精度要求下,Hyposat容许的最大空隙角上限最大;②Hyp2000最不稳定,在台站布局好时可信度较高,但随着台站布局变差其结果快速变得最不可靠;③Locsat和单纯型水平向介于二者之间,垂直向明显较差;④在90%的置信区间下,4种方法的定位结果达到1类、2类和3类精度要求的最大空隙角上限不相同。     

混凝土大坝震害评估模型的研究及对黄河上游大坝的分析

利用前人所编的历代（共四代）地震烈度（地震动）区划图,组合叠加后得到一个综合烈度（地震动）。这种叠加是一个集成的专家系统综合认识结果,以此作为坝体可能遭受地震破坏危险的因素。初步研究建立了混凝土大坝震害评估模型,此模型是考虑了坝体的结构类型、建设年代、使用现状、场地条件、抗震设防水平等因素,用逐步线性拟合方法进行回归分析得到的。用此模型对汶川地震破坏的坝体进行了实例分析,分析结果比较符合实际。最后,用这个模型对黄河上游10座重点混凝土大坝做了震害评估分析。     

固体潮磁带记录的重取样及强地震干扰的消除

本文讨论取样间距为5s的固体潮磁带数据的重取样及消除强地震干扰的方法.所提出的多项式拟合平滑取样方法(PFSS)使读带、平滑、取样同步进行.读带一结束,计算机内存就有了按给定间距的取样结果.由于只对有关点作格式变换和预处理,故可以节省计算时间;由于只存取样结果,故可以节省计算机空间.因此,这种方法适用于小间距而延续时间长的固体潮磁带数据.采用功率谱分析,并对PFSS方法的结果作了检验,证明这种方法具有良好的滤波功能.为了消除强地震干扰所引起的畸变,采用Nakai方法并给出迭代程序,也用谱分析作了检验.校正后的观测数据,其谱分析结果与理论潮结果相似.      

抗震分析反应谱法和时程分析法数值仿真比较

基于ANSYS有限元软件比较抗震分析反应谱法和时程分析法的地震数值仿真结果,研究二者的共同性和仿真结果的可比较性。结果表明,反应谱法和时程分析法在抗震反应计算中都体现了地震动特性和结构动态特性对结构地震响应的影响,二者在响应最值和响应频率上的仿真结果具有一致性。     

预应力拱架结构地震响应的动力时程分析

以预应力拱架结构为研究对象,运用反应谱法和时程分析法计算了结构在地震作用下的响应,并与相应的静内力作了比较。结果表明,在预应力拱架结构的抗震研究中,需同时考虑水平和竖向地震作用。总结了结构地震响应的规律,为抗震设计提供有利依据。     

Correlation Analysis of Geomagnetic Data Synchronously Recorded by the INTERMAGNET Magnetic Laboratories

The results of the analysis of geomagnetic data synchronously recorded by the INTERMAGNET magnetic stations are presented. The goal of this research was to distinguish internal correlations between the data and to determine the optimal spatial interval of the geographical coordinates within which the efficient operation of only one magnetic observatory would be satisfactory in most occasions. The results of the observation of correlations between the geomagnetic data on a global scale are summarized and presented. Possible regions of application of these results are determined.     

密肋复合墙体非线性数值分析及抗剪承载力研究

结合课题组前期的研究成果,通过对墙体中不同材料的本构模型、墙体中裂缝、多种材料的联结以及墙体边界条件的研究与探讨,运用通用有限元程序ANSYS对密肋复合墙体进行非线性有限元分析;并在试验结果与有限元模拟的基础上,依据极限平衡理论,建立起来复合墙体的斜截面抗剪极限承载力公式。理论分析与试验研究表明:复合墙体非线性有限元模型能够较好地模拟墙体内力和变形发展的全过程,描述裂缝的形成和扩展,对于实际工程和科学研究具有足够的精度;墙体斜截面抗剪承载力公式与实测值吻合较好,具有一定的精度,满足工程设计需要。     

地球化学探测方法在西宁市城市活断层探测中的应用

在西宁市城市活断层探测工作中利用FD-3017RaA测氡仪开展了隐伏断层土壤气氡的探测,探讨了断层的气体地球化学特征及其确定隐伏断层的方法。在进行的8条测线上进行了土壤气氡的野外现场测量,共1384个点。结果表明,在8个地球化学剖面中确定了2处异常,由此确定了断层的大体位置,该处的人工浅层地震勘探结果也证实断层的存在和具体位置。土壤气氡测量法作为辅助探测手段在大城市活断层的探测工作中有一定的参考意义。     

地铁车站结构大型振动台试验与数值模拟的比较研究

根据可液化土层上土-地铁车站结构动力相互作用大型振动台模型试验结果,以软件ABAQUS为平台,将地基土-地铁车站结构体系视为平面应变问题,采用记忆型嵌套面黏塑性动力本构模型模拟土体的动力特性,采用混凝土动塑性损伤模型模拟车站结构混凝土的动力特性,建立了土-地铁车站结构非线性动力相互作用的有限元分析模型,对各种试验工况下地基土-地铁车站结构体系的地震反应进行了数值模拟,并与试验结果进行了对比,结果表明:数值模拟与振动台模型试验结果基本一致,体现出了相似的规律性,相互印证了计算分析的力学建模和振动台试验结果的正确性。     

Electromagnetic studies of global geodynamic processes

The deep electromagnetic sounding (DES) technique is one of the few geophysical methods, along with seismology, gravity, heat flow, which may be use to probe the structure of the Earth's mantle directly. The interpretation of the DESs may provide electrical conductivity profiles down to the upper part of the lower mantle. The electrical conductivity is extremely sensitive to most of the thermodynamic processes we believe are acting in the Earth's mantle (temperature increases, partial melting, phase transition and to a lesser extent pressure). Therefore, in principle, results from DES along with laboratory measurements could be used to constrain models of these processes.The DES technique is reviewed in the light of recent results obtained in a variety of domains: data acquisition and analysis, global induction modeling and data inversion and interpretation.The mechanisms and the importance of surface distortions of the DES data are reviewed and techniques to model them are discussed. The recent results in terms of the conductivity distribution in the mantle from local and global DES are presented and a tentative synthesis is proposed.The geodynamic interpretations of the deep conductivity structures are reviewed. The existence of mantle lateral heterogeneities in conductivity at all scales and depths for which electromagnetic data are available is now well documented. A comparison with global results from seismology is presented.