第4章地壳和上地幔地震活动性的地球动力学和地球物理标志

无论地壳还是地幔都发育着地震过程,地震与地球内部过程关系的理念早就成为地质学原理。下面以天山地震成因带和毗邻地区为例,分析研究可以识别孕震带的最佳标志。     

现代地球动力学——地震过程基础及地球构造形成规律

2.1地壳和上地幔形成地球膨胀的“炽热模型”假设富有物理依据,现已为最新地球物理资料所证实。根据这种模型,内核物质是在重力压缩条件下地球形成过程中得到过热、过压、坚实、高密度的气态物质。地球演化过程中,压缩和过热物质可逆转换成凝聚态,地球消耗积累的能量,这个过程地球密度减少——地球膨胀(图略)。地球形成于4.5×109年前,其半径小于0.55R3(R3为现代地球半径),地球物质平均温度为5×104K,平均密度约为3.5g/cm3,主要成分为氢、氧、硅。重力能为2×1039erg。地球模型是多圈层:G地核(过热汽)、F层(汽液相变区)、E层(液熔态物质)…     

第1章地震过程理论基础

1．1概述 地震预报属于预报事件发生地点、强度和时间问题，实际上也是现代地球动力学问题。如果熟知了认识地球动力学过程物理本质的方法学，那么，预报问题是可以解决的。     

第10章构造圈构造不均匀性与地球和宇宙起源力相互作用

众所周知,在地球整个历史过程中发生了一系列构造过程,如大陆形成和运动、山脉和盆地形成、火山活动和地震过程等。已经证实,这些过程形成和发展中地球自转不均匀性起非常大的作用。地球旋转状态变化决定了地球椭球的扁率,当地球形状收缩变化时,发生子午线弧和纬线弧长度变化共轭,引起地壳层内特殊的切向应力椭圆,而纬线半径和矢径的共轭变化就是造陆运动。     

第8章地震过程韵律性--宇宙能量源与地球构造单元相互作用的结果

地球内部物质构造转换过程虽然取决于内（地球成因）能,但受宇宙（宇宙成因）力的配置和调节。同时,每一不均匀层对宇宙力分量有独特灵敏性。宇宙对地球作用主要以重力和电磁场时空变化来实现。电磁场变化能量源主要与太阳过程有关,月球和太阳对地球起最大重力作用。     

第5章地震过程动力学

通过对类地行星——月球、金星和火星天文期的研究表明，这些行星内部和地球一样发生地震，而且现代构造活动性具有差异。地球具有高地震活动性特征，其内部能量以地震形式损耗每年达10^17-10^18J，震源分布深度达700km，地震的应力降达几百巴。月震震源可追踪到1200km深度，每年平均观测到5次月震，释放能量约10^9J／a。火星地震活动性高于月球而低于地球。金星内部地震过程规模和速率远远低于地球。     

第3章全球地震过程及其机理

对比研究地震、月震、火星震和金星震有助于认识物质现代运动的本质和揭示地震过程的物理实质。     

The earthquake recurrence law and energy balance of the seismic process

Relationships between the average seismic energy of strong and weak earthquakes in confined ranges are considered. These relationships are related to the earthquake recurrence (Gutenberg-Richter) law parameters. The theoretical foundation of the study is based on the results obtained by M.A. Sadovsky and V.F. Pisarenko in 1999, who described the indicated law as a ratio of the total seismic energy and maximum expected earthquake. Some empirical relationships obtained by the author on the basis of the Kamchatka and Sakhalin regional earthquake catalogs are reported. The determination of the recurrence law parameters on the basis of these relationships is shown to be efficient.     

第11章地震安全性保障对策

当今世界所有工业发展国家关于安全以及居民、地区、国民经济工程设施对人为灾害和自然灾害的防护问题,已成为没有地理和民族界限的最重要的社会经济、人口学和生态研究问题。因此,建立与地震安全性保障有关的国家科技课题是极为重要的。     

第13章地震预报的科学基础和方法

地震动力学过程最强烈地发生于活动不均匀层范围内,从地震学观点来看,位错过程扩展具有本质意义,其含义就是断块沿“原始”断裂或构造层之间的界面位移。     

Seismogenic tectonics of the Qian-Gorlos earthquake in Jilin Province,China

The Qian-Gorlos earthquake, which occurred in the Songliao basin in Jilin Province in 1119 AD, was the largest earthquake to occur in NE China before the 1975 Haicheng earthquake. Based on historical records and surface geological investigations, it has been suggested previously that the earthquake epicenter was in the Longkeng area. However, other workers have considered the epicenter to be in the Halamaodu area based on the landslides and faults found in this region. No seismogenic structure has yet been found in either of these two regions. We tried to detect active faults in the urban areas of Songyuan City, where the historical earthquake was probably located. One of the aims of this work was to clarify the seismogenic structure so that the seismic risk in the city could be more accurately evaluated. The area was investigated and analyzed using information from remote sensing and topographic surveys, seismic data from petroleum exploration, shallow seismic profiles, exploratory geological trenches on fault outcrops, and borehole data. The geophysical data did not reveal any evidence of faults cutting through Cretaceous or later strata under the Longkeng scarp, which has been suggested to be structural evidence of the Qian-Gorlos earthquake. The continuous fault surfaces on the back edge of terraces in the Halamaodu area stretch for >3.5 km and were probably formed by tectonic activity. However, results from shallow seismic profiles showed that the faults did not extend downward, with the corresponding deep structure being identified as a gentle kink band. A new reverse fault was found to the west of the two suggested epicenters, which presented as a curvilinear fault extending to the west, and was formed by two groups of NE- and NW-trending faults intersecting the Gudian fault. Three-dimensional seismic and shallow seismic data from petroleum exploration revealed its distinct spatial distribution and showed that the fault may cut through Late Quaternary strata. Exploration boreholes and later geomorphological studies provided further proof of this. Based on these results and analysis, the Gudian fault was confirmed as having been an active fault since the Late Quaternary, with the possibility of earthquakes of magnitude >7 in the future. The Qian-Gorlos earthquake was most probably the result of breakage on one or two sections of this 66-km-long fault.