Isotopic evidence for the magmatic and tectonic histories of the Carolina terrane: implications for stratigraphy and terrane affiliation

Establishing the age and crustal nature of exotic terranes and their underlying basements helps to determine their paleogeographic origin and tectonic histories. We present U–Pb ages of zircons and Sm–Nd whole rock isotopic data for volcanic and plutonic rocks of the Carolina terrane, one of several peri-Gondwanan terranes that were accreted to the margins of the circum-Atlantic continents during the Paleozoic. Volcanism in this subduction-related arc culminated in the eruption of the Morrow Mountain rhyolite, at ca. 540 Ma; thus, magmatism in the Carolina terrane ceased at the beginning of the Cambrian. The presence of inherited zircons and non-juvenile depleted mantle model ages of Carolina slate belt rocks favor a basement that is, at least in part, composed of evolved continental crust. Ages of inherited xenocrystic zircons cluster at ca. 1000, 2100 and 2500 Ma. These ages, in addition to volcanism at ca. 618–540 Ma, correlate best with well-known tectonic events in present-day northern South America. Specifically, the Orinoquian-Sunsas, the Trans-Amazonian and the Central Amazonian orogenic zones are likely candidates for potential basement correlatives to the Carolina terrane. Sm–Nd isotopic signatures vary significantly, but permit assimilation of Orinoquian age (1000 Ma) crust by magmas derived from the depleted mantle in a subduction (arc-related) setting. Our findings are also consistent with proposed correlations between the Carolina terrane and Avalonia which is likewise believed to have formed along the northern margin of present-day South America.     

Nd isotopic composition of Late Devonian seawater in western Thailand: Geotectonic implications for the origin of the Sibumasu terrane

Conodonts collected from sections near the small towns of Thong Pha Phum and Mae Sariang in the westernmost part of Thailand are used to reconstruct the neodymium (Nd) isotopic composition of seawater during the Late Devonian. The study provides the first Devonian seawater signatures recognized within the Australian shelf of northeastern Gondwana and the adjacent Paleotethys Ocean. At Thong Pha Phum site, the seawater was characterized by very low ε_Nd values (from − 13.1 to − 18.2) and very high Sm/Nd ratios (between 0.36 and 0.66). In contrast, the seawater at the Mae Sariang site was characterized by much more radiogenic signatures (ε_Nd values from − 8.7 to − 11.1) and uniform, low Sm/Nd ratios (between 0.20 and 0.23). Extremely low ε_Nd values recognized at Thong Pha Phum attest to a passive margin continental setting and a paleogeographic position very close to a continental area where Paleoproterozoic and Neoarchean rocks were eroded. Thus, the isotopic data provide strong evidence that during Late Devonian time the Sibumasu terrane was situated in the proximity to the Archean cratons of Western Australia, presumably adjacent to the Carnarvon intracratonic basin. Moreover, Sibumasu may not have been situated in an outboard position on the shelf, as previously suggested, but could have been directly attached to the Australian continental crust. By contrast, low and uniform Sm/Nd ratios of seawater at Mae Sariang resemble those of the Variscan and the present-day oceanic seawaters. Therefore, a pelagic setting within the Paleotethys Ocean is postulated for the Mae Sariang succession. This conclusion is also constrained by minor temporal changes in ε_Nd values and suggests that the Paleozoic of Mae Sariang is not part of the Sibumasu terrane but belongs to the Inthanon Zone.     

Geochemistry and isotopic composition of the Guerrero Terrane (western Mexico): implications for the tectono-magmatic evolution of southwestern North America during the Late Mesozoic

The composite Guerrero Terrane of western Mexico records much of the magmatic evolution of southwestern North America during Late Mesozoic time. The Guerrero includes three distinctive subterranes characterized by unique stratigraphic records, structural evolutions, and geochemical and isotopic features that strongly suggest they evolved independently. The eastern Teloloapan Subterrane represents an evolved intra-oceanic island arc of Hauterivian to Cenomanian age, which includes a high-K calc-alkaline magmatic suite. The central Arcelia–Palmar Chico Subterrane represents a primitive island arc-marginal basin system of Albian to Cenomanian age, consisting of an oceanic suite and a tholeiitic arc suite. The western Zihuatanejo–Huetamo Subterrane comprises three components that represent an evolved island arc-marginal basin-subduction complex system of Late Jurassic (?) –Early Cretaceous age built on a previously deformed basement. The Zihuatanejo Sequence includes a thick high-K calc-alkaline magmatic suite. The Las Ollas Complex consists of tectonic slices containing exotic blocks of arc affinity affected by high-pressure/low-temperature metamorphism included in a sheared matrix. The Huetamo Sequence consists mainly of volcanic-arc derived sedimentary rocks, including large pebbles of tholeiitic, calc-alkaline, and shoshonitic lavas. These sequences are unconformably underlain by the Arteaga Complex, which represents the subvolcanic basement. On the basis of available geology, geochemistry, geochronology, and isotopic data, we suggest that Late Mesozoic volcanism along the western margin of southern North America developed in broadly contemporaneous but different intra-oceanic island arcs that constitute a complex fossil arc-trench system similar to the present-day western Pacific island arc system.     

The origin and pre-Cenozoic evolution of the Tibetan Plateau

Different hypotheses have been proposed for the origin and pre-Cenozoic evolution of the Tibetan Plateau as a result of several collision events between a series of Gondwana-derived terranes (e.g., Qiangtang, Lhasa and India) and Asian continent since the early Paleozoic. This paper reviews and reevaluates these hypotheses in light of new data from Tibet including (1) the distribution of major tectonic boundaries and suture zones, (2) basement rocks and their sedimentary covers, (3) magmatic suites, and (4) detrital zircon constraints from Paleozoic metasedimentary rocks. The Western Qiangtang, Amdo, and Tethyan Himalaya terranes have the Indian Gondwana origin, whereas the Lhasa Terrane shows an Australian Gondwana affinity. The Cambrian magmatic record in the Lhasa Terrane resulted from the subduction of the proto-Tethyan Ocean lithosphere beneath the Australian Gondwana. The newly identified late Devonian granitoids in the southern margin of the Lhasa Terrane may represent an extensional magmatic event associated with its rifting, which ultimately resulted in the opening of the Songdo Tethyan Ocean. The Lhasa−northern Australia collision at ~ 263 Ma was likely responsible for the initiation of a southward-dipping subduction of the Bangong-Nujiang Tethyan Oceanic lithosphere. The Yarlung-Zangbo Tethyan Ocean opened as a back-arc basin in the late Triassic, leading to the separation of the Lhasa Terrane from northern Australia. The subsequent northward subduction of the Yarlung-Zangbo Tethyan Ocean lithosphere beneath the Lhasa Terrane may have been triggered by the Qiangtang–Lhasa collision in the earliest Cretaceous. The mafic dike swarms (ca. 284 Ma) in the Western Qiangtang originated from the Panjal plume activity that resulted in continental rifting and its separation from the northern Indian continent. The subsequent collision of the Western Qiangtang with the Eastern Qiangtang in the middle Triassic was followed by slab breakoff that led to the exhumation of the Qiangtang metamorphic rocks. This collision may have caused the northward subduction initiation of the Bangong-Nujiang Ocean lithosphere beneath the Western Qiangtang. Collision-related coeval igneous rocks occurring on both sides of the suture zone and the within-plate basalt affinity of associated mafic lithologies suggest slab breakoff-induced magmatism in a continent−continent collision zone. This zone may be the site of net continental crust growth, as exemplified by the Tibetan Plateau.     

Petrogenesis of a Palaeoproterozoic S-type granite,central Wuyishan terrane,SE China: implications for early crustal evolution of the Cathaysia Block

We present zircon U–Pb ages, Hf isotopes, and whole-rock geochemistry of the Xiaochuan gneissic granite intrusion, SE China, to constrain its petrogenesis and provide insights into early crustal evolution of the Cathaysia Block. LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb dating of a representative sample yields a weighted mean ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb age of 1839 ±16 Ma, interpreted as the emplacement age of the Xiaochuan granite. Zircons have ?_Hf(t) values ranging from –8.1 to 2.7 and T _DM2 model ages from 2.23 to 3.03 Ga. The granites are strongly peraluminious (A/CNK = 1.14–1.41), with relatively high FeO^t, TiO₂, and CaO/Na₂O, and low CaO, Al₂O₃/TiO₂, and Rb/Sr values. In addition, they show strongly negative Ba, Sr, Nb, and Ta and positive Th and Pb anomalies in the primitive mantle-normalized spider diagram, similar to other Cathaysia Palaeoproterozoic S-type granites. The geochemical and Hf isotopic signatures suggest that the Xiaochuan gneissic granites were generated by partial melting of Archaean crustal materials in an intraplate extensional setting. Our results, combined with existing geochronological data, further demonstrate that the Wuyishan terrane is underlain by Palaeoproterozoic crystalline basement.     

New data on the composition and age of basement rocks of the Tagil paleo-island arc system

The Tagil paleo-island arc terrane is composed of Late Ordovician-Devonian intrusive, volcanic, and volcano-sedimentary complexes. The western margin of the terrane is comprised of dunite-clinopyroxenite-gabbro massifs of the Ural platinum-bearing belt, which are fringed by rock strata of widely different metamorphic grades. Work on isotope systematics of olivine gabbros enabled us to infer a Vendian age (550–540 Ma) of homogenization of the Sm-Nd isotopic system of the Kytlym and Knyaspa massifs within the Ural platinum-bearing belt. The Sm-Nd ages for metamorphic rocks of the Belaya Gora complex surrounding the studied massifs also agree with a Vendian age (573–574 Ma). Our results suggest that metamorphites of the Belaya Gora complex (amphibolites, plagiogneisses, two-mica and biotite gneisses, schists containing garnet, cordierite, staurolite, gedrite, and sillimanite) and dunite-clinopyroxenite-gabbro intrusions of the proto-platinum-bearing belt may have been formed in a convergence setting above a mantle plume, most likely in a back-arc (?) extension region. Reactivation of this plume during the late Precambrian resulted in the opening of the Ural paleo-ocean. The Late Ordovician-Early Devonian times were marked by metamorphic reworking and tectonic transport of pre-Paleozoic complexes into an accretionary prism setting of the Tagil paleo-arc that was accompanied by generation of gabbroid and granitoid magmas. Based on the obtained results, the Tagil terrane can be now considered as part of the Paleozoic paleo-island arc system developed on a heterogeneous Proterozoic basement.     

Geologic and geochronologic data from the Guerrero terrane in the Tejupilco area,southern Mexico: new constraints on its tectonic interpretation

The eastern part of the Guerrero terrane contains two tectonically juxtaposed metavolcanic-sedimentary sequences with island arc affinities: the lower, Tejupilco metamorphic suite, is intensely deformed with greenschist facies metamorphism; the upper, Arcelia-Palmar Chico group, is mildly to moderately deformed with prehnite-pumpellyite facies metamorphism. A U–Pb zircon age of 186 Ma for the Tizapa metagranite, and Pb/Pb isotopic model ages of 227 and 188 Ma for the conformable syngenetic Tizapa massive sulfide deposit, suggest a Late Triassic–Early Jurassic age for the Tejupilco metamorphic suite. ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar and K–Ar age determinations of metamorphic minerals from different units of the Tejupilco metamorphic suite in the Tejupilco area date a local early Eocene thermal event related to the emplacement of the undeformed Temascaltepec granite. The regional metamorphism remains to be dated. ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages of 103 and 93 Ma for submarine volcanics support an Albian–Cenomanian age for the Arcelia-Palmar Chico group, although it may extend to the Berriasian. U–Pb isotopic analyses of zircon from the Tizapa metagranite, together with Nd isotopic data, reveal inherited Precambrian zircon components within units of the Tejupilco metamorphic suite, precluding the generation of Tejupilco metamorphic suite magmas from mantle- or oceanic lithosphere-derived melts, as was previously considered to be the case. Instead, these data, together with high-grade gneiss xenoliths with Grenvillian Nd isotopic affinity in Oligocene subvolcanics, indicate the presence of pre-Mesozoic continental crust beneath at least the eastern part of the Guerrero terrane. As a Late Triassic–Early Jurassic basement unit in the eastern part of the Guerrero terrane, the Tejupilco metamorphic suite may therefore represent an evolved volcanic arc developed on old crust with assimilated craton-derived sediment. This would imply a tectonic cycle of deformation, metamorphism and erosion during the Middle–early Late Jurassic that was probably related to the accretion and consolidation of part of the Guerrero terrane into the Acatlán Complex, the pre-Mississippian poly-deformed and metamorphosed basement of the Mixteco terrane.     

Detrital zircon geochronology and geochemistry of metasediments from the Vorontsovka terrane: implications for microcontinent tectonics

ABSTRACT

The Vorontsovka terrane (VT) is an important component of the East Sarmatian Orogen (ESO) which divides the Precambrian cores of the Sarmatian and Volgo-Uralia segments of the East European Craton (EEC). The tectonic framework of the VT remains controversial due to poor constraints from geochemical and geochronological studies. In this article we present detrital zircon U–Pb ages and geochemical features of the Precambrian meta-sedimentary rocks from the VT, which occur interlayered with calc-silicate rocks and metabasites. Most of the zircons from metasediments possess oscillatory zoning and high Th/U ratios (>0.2), indicating magmatic provenance. Their ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb ages cluster around 2093 ± 7, 2126 ± 7, 2158 ± 12, 2189 ± 16, and 2210 ± 31 Ma, correlating with the ages of magmatic zircon cores from the surrounding igneous suites, and reflecting a single tectono-magmatic cycle (~2200–2100 Ma) in the source area. Age of the youngest detrital zircon grain from the metasedimentary rocks and the cores of zircon grains from igneous suites show ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb ages at 2094 and 2106 Ma, respectively. Together with the largest age clusters of 2126 ± 7 and 2158 ± 12 Ma of the magmatic cores of the detrital zircons, the timing of sedimentation is inferred as ~ 2100–2170 Ma.

The metapelites display strong rare earth element fractionation with variable Eu anomalies ((La/Yb)_N = 7.0–14.5, Eu/Eu* = 0.49–1.23). In contrast, the calc-silicate rocks and metabasites lack Eu anomalies ((La/Yb)_N = 5.2–11.5, Eu/Eu* = 0.87–1.00). The large-ion lithophile (LILE) and high field strength element (HFSE) concentrations of most samples are comparable with those of the upper continental crust (UCC). The rocks possess negative anomalies of Th, Nb, Sr, and Zr relative to UCC. Their high Index of Compositional Variability (0.85–1.32, up to 1.8 in metabasites) and relatively low Chemical Index of Alteration (46.1–70.4) indicate that the metapelitic sediments were immature to weakly immature and probably underwent minor chemical weathering. The protoliths of the metabasites are interpreted as interlayered volcano-sedimentary and pyroclastic material. Relict clastic textures of the VT rocks, their geochemical features, and the grain morphology of detrital zircons suggest that the sediments were derived from intermediate and felsic provenances, which were most likely deposited in an environment with active volcanism. We envisage an active continental margin setting in the southwestern part of the Volgo-Uralia segment of the EEC related to the assembly of the Palaeoproterozoic Columbia supercontinent. Combined with recent data from surrounding terranes of the ESO, our results suggest that the VT represents an accretionary prism along a continental arc within the Sarmatia and Volgo-Uralia oceanic realm in the Palaeoproterozoic.     

胶北地块变质基底超镁铁岩的矿物岩石地球化学特征

胶北地块变质基底的蛇纹岩、蛇纹岩化尖晶石方辉橄榄岩、尖晶石橄榄斜方辉石岩、角闪石岩自形成以后,经历了早期的高角闪岩相和晚期绿片岩相的变质作用,因而记录了三个阶段的矿物组合:早期的Opx1+Ol1+Spl1;中期的Opx2+Ol2+Spl2+Amp2和晚期的Amp3+Srp3+Mag3+Cal组合。超镁铁岩中普遍存在的角闪石,具有粒状变晶结构特征,形成于角闪岩相和绿片岩相的变质作用过程。蛇纹石没有受到应力作用的迹象,显示其形成于晚期非挤压环境的交代变质作用过程。尖晶石橄榄岩中斜方辉石的矿物化学以及尖晶石橄榄岩的高Mg O含量都表现出克拉通橄榄岩的性质。角闪石岩的稀土元素配分图解的(La/Sm)N的比值1.11~1.41,(La/Yb)N的比值0.91~1.61,超镁铁岩多元素图解显示无高场强元素异常,都表明胶北地块变质基底的超镁铁岩形成的构造背景或是裂谷环境。尖晶石矿物的Mg#0.72~0.79、Cr#0.06~0.12表明交代变质成因。方辉橄榄岩橄榄石的Fo值88.42~90.50、超镁铁质岩石全岩主元素的分散性、较大的∑REE含量变化以及Si/Al-(Mg+Fe)/Al和Mg/Ti-Fe/Ti主元素的比值图解所表现出的超镁铁岩与角闪石岩具有成因联系等,都表明胶北变质基底的超镁铁岩可能是具有堆晶成因的一套幔源岩浆系列。高MgO含量(16%~42%)表现出前寒武纪变质基底的橄榄岩地幔性质;高水含量反映出漫长地质历史时期变质作用过程。     

鄂尔多斯地块基底研究新的思考与认识

鄂尔多斯地块基底岩芯岩石组合、花岗片麻岩的锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素和全岩Nd同位素组成以及航磁异常和地壳速度结构特征表明,该地块中部沿大同-华池基底断裂带存在一航磁异常梯度带,沿该带南缘发育一条2.2~2.0Ga古元古代弧岩浆活动带,并经历了1.96~1.85Ga的变质作用改造,与东缘中部带古元古代中晚期构造演化过程一样,可能代表该地块内部古元古代中晚期形成的一条构造活动带。该活动带以北为东西向展布的正航磁异常带,基底由混合岩化的变泥质和杂砂质片麻岩、片岩及大理岩和石英岩等变质表壳岩和一些花岗片麻岩类构成,记录了新太古代末~2.50Ga和古元古代中期2.2~2.0Ga两期岩浆活动及古元古代末期1.95~1.85Ga变质作用等地质事件,为一主要由新太古代陆壳物质构成的陆块。活动带南部为北东向不规则正、负相间航磁异常带,基底除少量副变质岩外,多为花岗片麻岩类,记录了古元古代中期2.2~2.0Ga岩浆热事件以及1.95~1.85Ga的变质作用改造,除新太古代物质外,还存在古、中太古代陆壳物质,是由一定规模中太古代和部分古太古代陆壳物质以及新太古代新生陆壳添加构成的古老地块。因此,鄂尔多斯地块中部沿大同-华池断裂带成为分割该地块一条重要分界带,其北部地块与其北缘孔兹岩带构成同一构造带,可能代表新太古代陆壳基底之上于古元古代晚期发育的一条大陆边缘活动带。南部则为古、中太古代陆壳与新太古新生陆壳增生而成的古老地块,代表鄂尔多斯地块古老基底陆壳的主体。

     

Jurassic break-up of the Peri-Gondwanan margin in northern Colombia: Basin formation and implications for terrane transfer

Jurassic extensional basins developed along the northwestern margin of South America during the break-up of Pangea. Presently, these basins are dispersed in several tectonic blocks of the northern Andes and Mexico, hindering reconstruction of western equatorial Pangea before break-up. This is the case of the Cosinas Basin (Guajira block) and the Machiques Basin (Perijá Range), in northern Colombia, which are filled by Jurassic sedimentary and volcano-sedimentary successions. Autochthonous and para-autochthonous hypotheses on the origin of this basins have been proposed. The purpose of this research is to document the sedimentological evolution, depositional age (Sr-isotope + U-Pb geochronology), sediment provenance and paleogeography of the Cosinas and Machiques basins in order to constrain whether these basins formed within a single extensional margin or they formed as extensional basins in different tectonic blocks. Volcanic detrital zircon U-Pb ages documented in La Quinta Formation in the Machiques Basin and at the base of Rancho Grande Formation in the Cosinas Basin suggest that extensional basins were active in Early Jurassic time. However, a significant difference exists in their subsequent history. Whereas in the Machiques Basin dominates the accumulation of Lower and Middle Jurassic volcanoclastic deposits with abrupt lateral thickness changes, accumulation in the Cosinas Basin is dominantly of siliciclastic strata, with the record of two major marine incursions in Late Jurassic time. Integration of provenance results indicates that the Santander Massif supplied sediments to the Machiques Basin. In contrast, Middle to Upper Jurassic sandstones of the Cosinas Basin document unroofing of basement blocks that include metamorphic, sedimentary and plutonic rocks from the Guajira and Maya blocks. The similarity in age and composition of pre-Jurassic rocks in northwestern South America and the so-called peri-Gondwana blocks in the Mexican subcontinent (i.e., Maya and Oaxaquia blocks) challenge the use of detrital zircon population as an indicator of the autochthonous or para-autochthonous origin of the Guajira block. Large uncertainty of paleomagnetic results, and the lack of constraints for the time magnetization acquisition preclude estimating paleolatitudes for the Guajira block in Jurassic time but support previous interpretation of ca. 70°-90° clockwise rotation of the Guajira block relative to stable South America craton.Our preferred paleogeography considers that the Cosinas and Machiques basins were close to each other along the western continental margin of Pangea during the onset of extension in Early Jurassic time. The change from continental to marine depositional environments in Middle to Late Jurassic time along the Cosinas Basin, which have not been identified in the Machiques Basin or other autochthonous Jurassic basins in northwestern South America, allow us to propose that these blocks were separated during the Callovian - Tithonian interval, with the Cosinas Basin remaining closer to a conjugate Mexican margin, that we interpret as the Maya block. Collision of the Guajira block with the South American margin occurred near the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary, as documented by deformation of Jurassic units previous to deposition of Berriasian strata in the Guajira block.     

云开地区变质基底锆石U-Pb年代学及对华夏地块Grenvillian事件的指示

云开地区前寒武纪变质基底主要是以片麻岩类为代表的高州杂岩和以浅变沉积岩类为代表的云开群,均不同程度受到了后期加里东期和印支期构造-岩浆事件的改造。对高州杂岩中1个变粒岩(YK1016)和1个黑云斜长片麻岩(YK1014-3)、云开群中1个黑云斜长片麻岩(YK1017-1)样品进行了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年。样品YK1016中获得的不一致曲线上下交点年龄分别为(1 035±43)Ma和(437±30)Ma(n=16,MSWD=1.3),上交点年龄与10个谐和点207Pb/206Pb加权平均年龄(970±30)Ma(MSWD=0.22)一致,解释为其形成年龄。样品YK1014-3获得的206Pb/238 U表观年龄范围为949~2 395 Ma,主要集中在1 000~1 200 Ma,9个最年轻且谐和的分析点207Pb/206Pb加权平均年龄为(970±32)Ma(MSWD=0.53),对其最大沉积年龄进行了约束。样品YK1017-1获得的206Pb/238 U表观年龄范围为650~2 383 Ma,也主要集中在1 000~1 200 Ma,最年轻且谐和的碎屑锆石年龄将其时代约束在650 Ma。结合云开地区变质基底中已有的高精度年龄数据,认为高州杂岩形成时代为中元古代晚期—新元古代早期,云开群的形成时代为新元古代晚期。另外,研究结果及云开地区已有的数据表明,该区除出露Grenville期岩石外,新元古代变沉积岩中还存在大量Grenville期(900~1 350 Ma)碎屑锆石,部分晶形较好具岩浆起源,这一现象从云开地区一直延伸到华夏东部;但在华夏地块由南往北,Grenville期锆石呈减少趋势,新元古代锆石(820~860 Ma)逐渐增多。这些暗示华夏地块南缘存在一个由南东向北西推进的Grenvillian造山带,和(或)在华夏地块内部存在略晚于Grenville期的构造-岩浆事件。     

西藏北拉萨地块新元古代中期变质辉长岩及其地质意义

青藏高原各陆块的前寒武纪演化历史及其在冈瓦纳大陆聚合过程中所处的构造位置目前不清楚。通过青藏高原中部北拉萨地块念青唐古拉岩群中变质辉长岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年和锆石Hf同位素组成研究,锆石U-Pb定年结果为663±7Ma,相当于新元古代中期,代表变质辉长岩的原岩形成时代,这是北拉萨地块首次报道该时代的基性岩浆记录。变质辉长岩中锆石具有较低的εHf(t)值(-1.5~+2.3),表明其原岩的岩浆来自富集的地幔源区。结合北拉萨地块已有的变质记录可知,变质辉长岩的原岩可能形成于造山环境。目前定义的"念青唐古拉岩群"实际上是由时代不同、成因不同,甚至来源不同的构造岩片组成,随着工作的深入,有必要对其进行解体。念青唐古拉岩群中的前寒武纪岩浆和变质记录与东非造山带的活动时限较一致,因而北拉萨地块可能与东非造山带具有亲缘性。     

Late Palaeozoic tectonic setting of the southern Alxa Block,NW China: constrained by age and composition of diabase

The ages of diabase outcropping on the southern Alxa Block and in related tectonic setting are not well constrained, but are important for exploring the tectonic evolution of the southern Alxa Block. The ages of the zircons from the diabase intruding the Middle–Late Cambrian Xiangshan Group were measured using sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe II (SHRIMPII) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), and the weighted mean ages of 276.8 ± 7.9 Ma and 276.2 ± 9.7 Ma were obtained, respectively. The major elements in the diabase indicate that it may belong to the tholeiitic series. With specific features of the rare earth elements (REEs) and trace elements, potentially affected by the continental crust based on the observed strong positive Pb anomaly, the diabase was produced in an intra-plate extension environment. Similar diabase/basalts were also found along the southern margin of the Alxa Block. Combined with sedimentary, palaeo-current, mafic, and felsic rocks in the southern Alxa Block, a back-arc extension environment potentially occurred in the southern Alxa Block during the Early–Middle Permian that resulted from the convergence between the North China Block (NCB) and the Yangtze Block.     

Apatite fission-track analyses on basement granites from south-western Meseta, Morocco: Paleogeographic implications and interpretation of AFT age discrepancies

This work is based on apatite fission-track analysis of samples (mostly granites) from the basement of the Cretaceous-Tertiary Phosphate and Ganntour Plateaus, exposed in the Jebilet and Rehamna massifs (Western Meseta, Morocco). This basement belongs to the Carboniferous-Early Permian Variscan Belt, and the earlier marine onlap is Late Triassic in age. However, the AFT ages are post-Triassic and different in the Jebilet (186-203 Ma) and Rehamna (148-153 Ma). Track length modelling support the occurrence of moderate heating events during the Jurassic and the Eocene, respectively, with cooling during the Permian and Cretaceous intervals. These results are partly accounted for by considering a moderate subsidence during the Late Triassic-Liassic, which is a noticeable change in the regional paleogeographic concept of “West Moroccan Arch”. However, the discrepancies between the AFT results from the studied massifs make necessary to explore further explanation. We interpret the observed discrepancies by the difference in age and depth of crystallization of the sampled granites in the Variscan Orogen, i.e. 330 Ma, 5-6 km in the Jebilet versus ~ 300 Ma, 8-10 km in the Rehamna. The importance of the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous uplift and erosion of the entire Meseta and that of its Late Eocene burial are emphasized.     

云开地区加里东期花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

对云开地区1∶25万区调中划归前寒武纪或新元古代的(片麻状)花岗岩进行了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年,获得的年龄分别为(443.3±2.6)Ma(样品1009,陆川县陆透水库东南)、(445.7±2.3)Ma(样品1010,陆川县月垌村)、(441.1±2.0) Ma(样品1012,高州市谢鸡镇)和(443.7±1.7)Ma(样品10108,信宜市朱砂镇),表明它们属于加里东期的产物而不是以往认为的前寒武纪基底或新元古代岩石.结合前人的研究表明,这些花岗岩主要由元古宙基底岩石发生深熔作用而成,是华南地区加里东期陆内造山作用的响应.随着云开地区前寒武纪基底中大量加里东期年龄的发现,说明加里东运动对该区的影响非常强烈,1∶25万区调中划归前寒武纪基底或新元古代的部分片麻状花岗岩应归属加里东期.云开地区前寒武纪基底主要是以片麻岩类为代表的高州杂岩和以变沉积岩类为代表的云开群,高州杂岩形成时代为中新元古代,云开群形成时代可能为新元古代.从整个华夏地块来看,存在古-中元古代结晶基底,但出露可能并不像以往认为的那么广泛.     

Zircon U–Pb age, trace element and Hf isotope composition of Kongling terrane in the Yangtze Craton: refining the timing of Palaeoproterozoic high-grade metamorphism

U–Pb age, trace element and Hf isotope compositions of zircon were analysed for a metasedimentary rock and two amphibolites from the Kongling terrane in the northern part of the Yangtze Craton. The zircon shows distinct morphological and chemical characteristics. Most zircon in an amphibolite shows oscillatory zoning, high Th/U and ¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf ratios, high formation temperature, high trace element contents, clear negative Eu anomaly, as well as HREE-enriched patterns, suggesting that it is igneous. The zircon yields a weighted mean ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb age of 2857 ± 8 Ma, representing the age of the magmatic protolith. The zircon in the other two samples is metamorphic. It has low Th/U ratios, low trace element concentrations, variable HREE contents (33.8 ≥ Lu_N≥2213; 14.7 ≤ Lu_N/Sm_N ≤ 354) and ¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf ratios (0.000030–0.001168). The data indicate that the zircon formed in the presence of garnet and under upper amphibolite facies conditions. The metamorphic zircon yields a weighted mean ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb age of 2010 ± 13 Ma. These results combined with previously obtained Palaeoproterozoic metamorphic ages suggest a c. 2.0 Ga Palaeoproterozoic collisional event in the Yangtze Craton, which may result from the assembly of the supercontinent Columbia. The zircon in two samples yields weighted mean two-stage Hf model ( T _DM2) ages of 3217 ± 110 and 2943 ± 50 Ma, respectively, indicating that their protoliths were mainly derived from Archean crust.     

Eastern segment of the Kiselevka-Manoma terrane (Northern Sikhote Alin): Paleomagnetism and geodynamic implications

The comprehensive geological-geophysical study of the lower Cretaceous volcanosedimentary rocks of the Kiselevka block of the Kiselevka-Manoma lithotectonic terrane made it possible to reach the following conclusions: (1) The composition of the volcanogenic rocks and the lithology of the sediments of the Kiselevka block indicate their formation in a within-plate oceanic setting; the petro- and geochemical characteristics of the studied volcanic rocks are similar to those of the Hawaiian hot spot. (2) The distinguished characteristic component of the natural remanent magnetization of the volcanosedimentary rock complex of the Kiselevka block yields a positive fold test and age similar to that of the rocks. According to the orientation of this characteristic component, the paleolatitudes of the rock formation (18° ± 5° N) and the coordinates of the paleomagnetic pole (Plat = 18.6°, Plong = 222.4°, dp = 5.2, dm = 9.1°) of the Kiselevka Block were determined. (3) The kinematic reconstructions based on the obtained and published data indicate that, (1) in the Valanginian-Albian, the Kiselevka Block migrated northwestward with the Izanaga Plate at a velocity of 15–20 cm/yr, passing over 5 thou. km up to the Eurasian margin (the Korean Peninsula); (2) in the Albian-Campanian, the block, as a fragment of the Kiselevka-Manoma accretionary wedge, moved along the Eurasian transform margin with a velocity of 4–5 cm/yr to its present-day position, where it was integrated into the continental plate.     

扬子西缘澄江组底部玄武岩形成时代新证据及其地质意义

扬子西缘新元古代澄江组底部发育一套玄武岩,其形成时代一直未能准确限定。本文在野外地质调查的基础上,对云南武定罗茨地区澄江组底部玄武岩进行了较为系统的岩石学和同位素年代学研究。结果表明,最年轻一组锆石206Pb/238U年龄加权平均值为804±6 Ma(MSWD=0.40),可以代表澄江组玄武岩的形成时代,从而进一步确定澄江组底界年龄为800 Ma左右。武定罗茨地区澄江组底部玄武岩显示低Si O2,高(K2O+Na2O)、Ti O2和Al2O3的特点,具有大陆裂谷碱性玄武岩的性质。结合区域相关研究资料,认为扬子西缘可能存在一个自~800 Ma持续至725 Ma的幕式双峰式岩浆岩带,而澄江组底部玄武岩和苏雄组火山岩均为~800 Ma双峰式岩浆活动的产物,并推测该双峰式岩浆岩带可能形成于大陆裂谷环境。此外,玄武岩中捕获的锆石年龄信息指示扬子西缘可能存在2.5 Ga、1.8~1.6 Ga及1.0 Ga等数期重要的区域构造-热事件。