Groundwater protection from cadmium contamination by permeable reactive barrier in Qian'an of Jilin, China

This research studies the reliability of an activated carbon permeable reactive barrier in removing cadmium from a contaminated shallow aquifer. Laboratory tests have been performed to characterize the equilibrium and kinetic adsorption properties of the activated carbon in cadmium-containing aqueous solutions. A 2D numerical model has been used to describe pollutant transport within a groundwater and the pollutant adsorption on the permeable reactive barrier (PRB). In particular, it has been considered the case of a PAB used to protect a lake or downstream from Cd (Ⅱ) contaminated groundwater. Numerical results show that the PAB can achieve a long-term efficiency by preventing lake or downstream pollution for several months.     

Groundwater protection from cadmium contamination by permeable reactive barrier in Qian＇an of Jilin, China

This research studies the reliability of an activated carbon permeable reactive barrier in removing cadmium from a contaminated shallow aquifer. Laboratory tests have been performed to characterize the equilibrium and kinetic adsorption properties of the activated carbon in cadmium-containing aqueous solutions. A 2D numerical model has been used to describe pollutant transport within a groundwater and the pollutant adsorption on the permeable reactive barrier （PRB）. In particular, it has been considered the case of a PAB used to protect a lake or downstream from Cd （II） contaminated groundwater. Numerical results show that the PAB can achieve a long-term efficiency by preventing lake or downstream pollution for several months.     

GROUNDWATER QUALITY AND CONTAMINATION INDEX MAPPING IN CHANGCHUN CITY, CHINA

1INTRODUCTIONGroundwater in Changchun City assures about 45% of total water supply. Drinking water supply of Chang-chun City was mostly served by surface water from Shitoukoumen and Xinlicheng reservoirs located in the east and south of the city (ZHANG, 1993). However, with the development of urban construction the ground-water especially from deep boreholes is also used for drinking purpose in suburban areas. The urbanization process in Changchun City threatens the groundwater quali…     

基于GIS的地下水流有限差数值模拟参数自动提取研究

本文根据地下水流有限差模拟有关参数的空间分布特点,将其划分为点状、线状与面状空间分布参数三种类型。利用GIS的空间分析功能,研究基于GIS的点状、线状与面状空间分布参数自动提取的技术路线。通过点、线、面三者之间空间位置关系的拓扑分析,确定地下水开采井、水位动态监测井、线状与面状水系、模拟区域边界、面状参数分布区与模型空间离散格网之间的空间位置关系。经过矢量数据与栅格数据互相转换,实现地下水流有限差数值模拟有关参数的自动提取。结合地下水流有限差分数值模拟有关参数数据文件的结构,将基于GIS提取的栅格结构数据文件自动转换成模型所需结构的数据文件,达到模型参数数据文件的自动组织与提高地下水流数值模拟的效率目的。     

Analysis of groundwater recoverable resource by numerical method in Linfen Basin of Shanxi, North China

Calculation of the groundwater recoverable resource is the main part of groundwater resource evaluation. The three-dimensional groundwater flow model in Linfen Basin was established by GMS software. Then the numerical model was calibrated by observed groundwater level from February to December in 2 000. Based on the calibrated model, the groundwater recoverable resource is calculated. The simulation result shows that under the given value of the groundwater recoverable resource, the groundwater level would decrease significantly in the first 1 000 days, while the water level would drop slowly in 1 000 to 2 000 days, and the water level change tend to be stable after 2000 days.     

SORPTION AND DESORPTION CHARACTERISTICS OF CADMIUM BY FOUR DIFFERENT SOILS IN NORTHEAST CHINA

1IN TR O D U C TIO NA s a persistentand toxic pollutant, cadm ium (C d) canresultin m any adverse health effects in a variety oftis-suesand organssuch asthe lung,kidney,urinary,blad-der,pancreas,breast and prostate (SA TA R U G etal.,2003).C adm ium in so…     

Analysis of groundwater recoverable resource by numerical method in Linfen Basin of Shanxi, North China

Calculation of the groundwater recoverable resource is the main part of groundwater resource evaluation. The three-dimensional groundwater flow model in Linfen Basin was established by GMS software. Then the numerical model was calibrated by observed groundwater level from February to December in 2 000. Based on the calibrated model, the groundwater recoverable resource is calculated. The simulation result shows that under the given value of the groundwater recoverable resource, the groundwater level would decrease significantly in the first 1 000 days, while the water level would drop slowly in 1 000 to 2 000 days, and the water level change tend to be stable after 2000 days.     

中国69个城市地下水挥发性卤代烃污染检测与特征研究

为了初步掌握中国主要城市地下水挥发性卤代烃污染状况和特征,在中国69个城市开展了地下水挥发性卤代烃污染检测与特征研究,采集地下水样品791组,采样井均为工农业生产和生活饮用水水井;依据US EPA 8260B检测方法,采用气相色谱/质谱联用分析仪器(P&T-GC/MS),分析和测试了氯仿、四氯化碳、1,1,1-三氯乙烷、三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯和二氯甲烷等15种挥发性卤代烃的质量浓度。结果表明:在791组地下水样品中,有406组样品至少有一种挥发性卤代烃组分被检出,检出率为51.33%;各组分中,氯仿的检出率最高,为20.35%,其他组分的检出率为0.25%～5.06%;氯乙烯在所有样品中均未检出;有13组样品的单项组分超标,超标率为1.64%;超标率由高到低分别为四氯化碳(0.76%)、氯仿(0.25%)、1,2-二氯乙烷(0.25%)、三氯乙烯(0.13%)、1,1,2-三氯乙烷(0.13%)、1,2-二氯丙烷(0.13%);超标井均为非供水水源地水井。检测与研究结果表明:中国主要城市地下水挥发性卤代烃污染物检出率较高,检测的69个城市中71%的城市至少有一种挥发性卤代烃被检出,且潜水的检出率高于承压水,但总体超标率较低。     

Ginkgo from Lower Cretaceous Changcai Formation in Helong of Jilin, NE China

Based on gross morphological and cuticular study, two species of Ginkgo From the Lower Cretaceous Changcai Formation in Helong of Jilin. were identified from this area for the first time, including Ginkgo coriacea Florin and G.sibiricaHeer. The study is significant for better understanding the paleophytogeographic, paleoecologicandstratigraphic characters of the Early Cretaceous Changcai flora.     

Ginkgo from Lower Cretaceous Changcai Formation in Helong of Jilin, NE China

Based on gross morphological and cuticular study, two species of Ginkgo From the Lower Cretaceous Changcai Formation in Helong of Jilin. were identified from this area for the first time, including Ginkgo coriacea Florin and G. sibirica Heer. The study is significant for better understanding the paleophytogeographic, paleoecologic and stratigraphic characters of the Early Cretaceous Changcai flora.     

Ginkgo from Lower Cretaceous Changcai Formation in Helong of Jilin, NE China

Based on gross morphological and cuticular study, two species of Ginkgo From the Lower Cretaceous Changcai Formation in Helong of Jilin. were identified from this area for the first time, including Ginkgo coriacea Florin and G. sibirica Heer. The study is significant for better understanding the paleophytogeographic, paleoecologic and stratigraphic characters of the Early Cretaceous Changcai flora.     

渭河干流浅层地下水与地表水中重金属Cd污染特征及风险评价

为了解渭河流域水体重金属污染现状及健康危害风险,沿渭河干流采集浅层地下水和地表水水样,采用单因子指数法和美国环境保护署(USEPA)健康风险评价模型揭示了水体中重金属Cd污染现状和健康风险。结果表明:2018年渭河干流地下水和地表水中Cd浓度分别为426.40~1104.27 ng·L^-1和224.70~1154.12 ng·L^-1;参照《地下水质量标准》(GB/T 14848-2017)和《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838-2002)得知,地下水和地表水中Cd浓度均在GB/T 14848—2017和GB 3838-2002Ⅰ~Ⅲ类标准限值内;水体中Cd浓度表现出明显的空间分异性,沿河流流向均表现为逐渐增加的趋势;地下水与地表水中Cd浓度高值区相一致,即集中分布于陕西省兴平市和渭南市临渭区;由水体中Cd浓度单因子指数评价结果可知,渭河干流水体中Cd污染属于清洁水平;沿河流流向,渭河中游和下游水体中Cd浓度单因子污染指数远高于上游;水体中重金属Cd对成人和儿童产生的致癌风险分别为(1.48~2.05)×10^-4和(1.84~2.55)×10^-4,说明水体中Cd对人体可能会产生一定的健康风险。     

Paleoclimatic Change Inferred from Carbon Isotope Composition of Organic Matter in Sediments of Dabusu Lake, Jilin Province, China

Study on the organic compounds and stable isotope composition of a sediment section in Dabusu Lake revealed that the organic materials in the sediments came mainly from terrestrial plants brought into the lake by rtmoff.The δ^13 C of the organic materials had high values during warm-dry climatic stages and decreased in cold-wet stages.Analysis of data on carbonate content and ^14C age showed that the lake basin had experienced several wet-cold and warm-dry climatic cycles since 15000 a BP. Since 6700 a BP, the climate reached a relatively stable warm-dry stage,so that the lake water was gradually condensed and finally a saline lake was formed.     

城市化进程下北京平原渗流场与地面沉降发展演化模拟

北京地面沉降已有60多年的历史,其发生发展与半个多世纪城市的快速扩张密不可分.从整个北京平原地下水系统出发,梳理多年时间序列(1950-2015年)的城市发展规模、人口、水资源及开采动态等数据,结合遥感技术解译不同年代北京平原的不透水面变化,分析其对降雨入渗补给量的影响;构建整个北京平原含水层-弱透水层三维结构系统,借助PMWIN软件建立区域尺度的地下水流-地面沉降耦合模型,利用长期水位及沉降观测数据对模型进行识别验证;开展长时间序列的北京平原地下水水头场与地面沉降演化模拟,研究快速城市化进程下北京平原多层含水层系统渗流场演变与地面沉降响应特征.研究表明:长时间尺度区域地下水流场-地面沉降演化模拟基本再现了地面沉降形成和发展演化的过程;北京地下水开采历史与地面沉降发展历史具有一致性,而不同沉降区地面沉降发展受地下水开采和城市发展双重控制,是二者综合作用的结果.